Scale development and validation of perimenopausal women disability index in the workplace

BACKGROUND@#Menopausal disorders include obscure symptomatology that greatly reduce work productivity among female workers. Quantifying the impact of menopause-related symptoms on work productivity is very difficult because no such guidelines exist to date. We aimed to develop a scale of overall health status for working women in the perimenopausal period.@*METHODS@#In September, 2021, we conducted an Internet web survey which included 3,645 female workers aged 45-56 years in perimenopausal period. We asked the participants to answer 76 items relevant to menopausal symptomatology, that were created for this study and performed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses for the scale development. Cronbach's alpha, receiver operating characteristic analysis, and logistic regression analysis were used to verify the developed scale.@*RESULTS@#Approximately 85% participants did not have menstruation or disrupted cycles. Explanatory factor analysis using the maximum likelihood method and Promax rotation identified 21 items with a four-factor structure: psychological symptoms (8 items, α = 0.96); physiological symptoms (6 items, alpha = 0.87); sleep difficulty (4 items, alpha = 0.92); human relationship (3 items, alpha = 0.92). Confirmatory factor analyses found excellent model fit for the four-factor model (RMSR = 0.079; TLI = 0.929; CFI = 0.938). Criterion and concurrent validity were confirmed with high correlation coefficients between each of the four factors, previously validated menopausal symptom questionnaire, and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory scales, respectively (all ps < 0.0001). The developed scale was able to predict absenteeism with 78% sensitivity, 58% specificity, and an AUC of 0.727 (95%CI: 0.696-0.757). Higher scores of each factor as well as total score of the scale were more likely to be associated with work absence experience due to menopause-related symptoms even after adjusting for Copenhagen Burnout Inventory subscales (all ps < 0.0001).@*CONCLUSION@#We found that the developed scale has high validity and reliability and could be a significant indicator of absenteeism for working women in perimenopausal period.

Investigation of Anisakis infections in coastal marine fishes and awareness of anisakiasis control knowledge among residents in Yantai City in 2021 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Anisakis infections in coastal marine fishes and awareness of anisakiasis control knowledge among local residents in Yantai City, Shandong Province in 2021, so as to provide insights into formulation of anisakiasis control interventions. Methods Marine fishes were purchased from Shunxin Port, Yantai City, Shandong Province in November 2021, and the presence of Anisakis was detected in different species of fishes and different fish sites. The correlations between body length and weight of marine fish and intensity of Anisakis infections were examined using Spearman’s rank correlation analysis, and the dietary habits and anisakiasis control knowledge were investigated using questionnaire surveys among local residents. Results A total of 201 marine fishes belonging to 20 species were dissected, and Anisakis was detected in 77 marine fishes (38.31%) belonging to 11 species (55.00%), with a mean infection intensity of 45.04 parasites per fish (3 468/77). Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed that the body length (rs = 0.74, P < 0.05) and weight (rs = 0.79, P < 0.01) of the monkfish correlated positively with the intensity of Anisakis infections, and the body length (rs = 0.68, P < 0.05) of the flatfish correlated positively with the intensity of Anisakis infections, while no correlations were examined between the body length or weight of other marine fishes and the intensity of Anisakis infections. Of all respondents, 53.38% men and 56.67% women did not know anisakiasis control knowledge at all, and there was a significant difference in the proportion of respondents using separate chopping boards for raw and cooked food from different villages (χ2 = 17.89, P < 0.01), while there was an age-specific proportion of respondents with habitats of eating raw or semi-raw seafood (χ2 = 28.27, P < 0.01). Conclusions The prevalence and intensity of Anisakis infections were high in coastal marine fishes in Yantai City in 2021, and the awareness of anisakiasis control knowledge was low among local residents. Intensified health education pertaining to anisakiasis control knowledge is recommended to reduce the risk of Anisakis infections.

Genetic diversity analysis and fingerprinting of 175 Chimonanthus praecox germplasm based on SSR molecular marker / 生物工程学报

The elucidation of resources pertaining to the Chimonanthus praecox varieties and the establishment of a fingerprint serve as crucial underpinnings for advancing scientific inquiry and industrial progress in relation to C. praecox. Employing the SSR molecular marker technology, an exploration of the genetic diversity of 175 C. praecox varieties (lines) in the Yanling region was conducted, and an analysis of the genetic diversity among these varieties was carried out using the UPDM clustering method in NTSYSpc 2.1 software. We analyzed the genetic structure of 175 germplasm using Structure v2.3.3 software based on a Bayesian model. General linear model (GLM) association was utilized to analyze traits and markers. The genetic diversity analysis revealed a mean number of alleles (Na) of 6.857, a mean expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.496 3, a mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) of 0.503 7, a mean genetic diversity index of Nei՚s of 0.494 9, and a mean Shannon information index of 0.995 8. These results suggest that the C. praecox population in Yanling exhibits a rich genetic diversity. Additionally, the population structure and the UPDM clustering were examined. In the GLM model, a total of fifteen marker loci exhibited significant (P < 0.05) association with eight phenotypic traits, with the explained phenotypic variation ranging from 14.90% to 36.03%. The construction of fingerprints for C. praecox varieties (lines) was accomplished by utilizing eleven primer pairs with the highest polymorphic information content, resulting in the analysis of 175 SSR markers. The present study offers a thorough examination of the genetic diversity and SSR molecular markers of C. praecox in Yanling, and establishes a fundamental germplasm repository of C. praecox, thereby furnishing theoretical underpinnings for the selection and cultivation of novel and superior C. praecox varieties, varietal identification, and resource preservation and exploitation.

Association and Contribution of Patient and Bereaved Family Background to Outcomes of Survivor Surveys

A secondary analysis of data from national bereavement surveys conducted in 2014, 2016, and 2018 was conducted with the aim of identifying the contribution of various patient and bereavement backgrounds to the outcomes of the Bereavement Survey. The data were evaluated in terms of structure and process of care (CES), achievement of a desirable death (GDI), complexity grief (BGQ), and depression (PHQ-9). The large data set and comprehensive analysis of bereavement survey outcomes clarified the need for adjustment of confounding variables and which variables should be adjusted for in future analyses. Overall, the contribution of the background factors examined in this study to the CES (Adj-R2=0.014) and overall satisfaction (Adj-R2=0.055) was low. The contribution of the GDI (Adj-R2=0.105) was relatively high, and that of the PHQ-9 (Max-rescaled R2=0.200) and BGQ (Max-rescaled R2=0.207) was non-negligible.

Comparison of attitudes toward community-based medicine between regional-quota and general-selected medical student in Japan / Journal of Rural Medicine

Objective: This study compared the regional-quota and general-selected medical students’ understanding, interest, and confidence in the community medicine practice and their attitudes toward the concept guidelines.Methods: We conducted a Web-based questionnaire survey regarding the understanding, interest, and confidence in future community medicine practice and attitudes toward concept guidelines among medical students of all grades (regional-quota and general-selected: n=82 and n=617, respectively).Results: The overall response rates were 68.5% (56/82) and 66.0% (409/617) in the regional-quota and general-selected groups, respectively. Although there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of understanding (P=0.998), interest and confidence in future practice were significantly higher in the regional-quota group (both P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups for any of the six questions regarding community medicine guidelines.Conclusion: The understanding of community medicine or its conceptual guidelines did not significantly differ between the two groups; however, interest and confidence in future practice were significantly higher in the regional-quota group. These results suggest that the regional-quota system positively upregulates the interest in community medicine, which could be associated with confidence in future practice. Comprehensive and longitudinal improvements in the regional-quota system may be effective in cultivating community medicine.

Investigation of the current situation of pharmaceutical clinics in medical institutions in China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current situation of pharmaceutical clinic service in medical institutions in China and provide experience and suggestions for promoting the development of pharmaceutical clinics. METHODS Questionnaire survey was used to investigate the development of pharmaceutical clinics in medical institutions of 31 provinces （autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government） in March to April 2023， and the descriptive analysis was conducted. The regression analysis was carried out for the influential factors of pharmaceutical clinic service. RESULTS A total of 1 368 questionnaires were distributed in this survey and 1 304 valid questionnaires were collected with the effective response rate of 95.32%. A total of 463 medical institutions carried out pharmaceutical clinic service， the rate of which was 35.51% （463/1 304）； the rates of pharmaceutical clinics in tertiary， secondary， primary and other medical institutions were 52.80%， 17.18% and 5.88%， respectively. The frequency of opening pharmaceutical clinics was 3.17 days per week on average， with an average of 5.99 visiting pharmacists in each medical institution. Among the visiting pharmacists， clinical pharmacists accounted for the vast majority （88.68%， 2 459/2 773）. There were various categories of pharmaceutical clinics， including joint clinics and pharmacist-independent clinics； among pharmacist-independent clinics， pharmaceutical specialty/specialty disease clinics were the main ones， accounting for 89.72% of the total number of pharmaceutical clinics. The value of pharmacists in pharmaceutical clinics was manifested in various forms， among which the proportion of medical institutions charging pharmaceutical clinics was 10.80%. The main experiences in developing pharmaceutical clinics were to attach importance to discipline construction and personnel training. The main difficulties in developing pharmaceutical clinics were low compensation levels and a shortage of talent.The number of clinical pharmacists， the number of visiting pharmacists in pharmaceutical clinics and additional compensation were positively correlated with the amount of pharmaceutical clinic services（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS In recent years， pharmaceutical clinics have made significant progress； in the future， it is still necessary to further strengthen discipline construction and talent cultivation， pay attention to the value embodiment of pharmacists， to promote the healthy development of pharmaceutical clinics.

Status of the poor vision among 3 014 primary school students in Wucheng district of Jinhua city and analysis of the influencing factors / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of poor vision among 3 014 primary school students in Wucheng District, Jinhua City, in order to provide evidence for the intervention measures of poor vision.METHODS: Using a cross-sectional study, a self-designed questionnaire was done, including general conditions and influencing factors of vision. The international standard logarithmic visual acuity chart was used for visual acuity detection. The risk factors that were statistically significant among the single factor groups were used as independent variables for multivariate Logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: A total of 1 367 students with poor vision were detected, the detection rate was 45.36%, among which mild poor vision rare was 26.08%; moderate rate was 11.51%; and severe rate was 7.76%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that senior grades, parental myopia, daily insufficient sleep and outdoor activity, overuse of electronics or computers and no eye exercise were risk factors for poor vision.CONCLUSION: The rate of poor vision among the primary school students was severe, schools should take measures to improve and prevent students' poor vision by increasing outdoor activity time, correcting poor reading and writing posture, and reducing the time spent on electronic products.

Clinical efficacy of periodontal endoscopy-assisted subgingival scaling and root planning and its effect on psychology and quality of life in patients with periodontitis / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the clinical efficacy and effects of periodontal endoscope (PE)-assisted subgingival scaling and root planning (SRP) and traditional SRP on the psychological and quality of life of patients with periodontitis.@*Methods@#This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. Patients with periodontitis who were treated in the Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University from April 2018 to December 2022 with residual periodontal pockets (PD ≥ 5 mm) 6 weeks after traditional SRP treatment were enrolled, and the residual periodontal pockets were further treated with PE-assisted SRP (PE+SRP). After 6 weeks of traditional SRP treatment and 3 months of PE+SRP treatment, clinical indicators, including plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP), were measured, and periodontal tissue self-awareness scale scores, oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14) score and dental fear scale (DFS) score were collected. Moreover, visual analog scale (VAS) scores were collected after traditional SRP and PE-assisted SRP treatments.@*Results@#Twenty-three patients with periodontitis, including 832 sites of 486 affected teeth, were included in the clinical study. Three months after PE+SRP treatment, all clinical periodontal indicators, PLI (t = 9.254, P<0.001), PD (t = 50.724, P<0.001), CAL (t = 22.407, P<0.001) and BOP (t = 9.217, P<0.001), were significantly improved. Compared with traditional SRP (VAS: 2.48 ± 1.70), the pain caused by PE+SRP (VAS: 2.57±1.80) was not significantly different (t = 0,192, P = 0.850). There was no significant difference in the scores of the periodontal tissue self-awareness scale between the two groups (t = 1.485, P = 0.152). The OHIP-14 (SRP: 12.13±7.63; PE+SRP: 10.26 ± 5.25, t = -1.589, P = 0.126) and DFS (SRP: 40.70 ± 12.63; SRP+PE: 41.57 ± 12.61, t = 0.404, P = 0.690) scores were not significantly different.@*Conclusion@#All clinical periodontal indicators were significantly improved after PE-assisted SRP treatment of residual periodontal pockets, and compared with traditional SRP, PE-assisted SRP had no negative impact on the quality of life or psychological status of patients with periodontitis. Therefore, PE+SRP can be promoted in clinical practice.

Assessing the reaction to and efficacy of the Screener drug discovery and development board game as a pedagogical tool in postgraduate courses

Screener, a board game supplemented with online resources, was introduced and distributed by the Brazilian Society of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics to postgraduate programs as an instructional tool for the process of drug discovery and development (DDD). In this study, we provided a comprehensive analysis of five critical aspects for evaluating the quality of educational games, namely: 1) description of the intervention; 2) underlying pedagogical theory; 3) identification of local educational gaps; 4) impact on diverse stakeholders; and 5) elucidation of iterative quality enhancement processes. We also present qualitative and quantitative assessments of the effectiveness of this game in 11 postgraduate courses. We employed the MEEGA+ online survey, comprising thirty-three close-ended unipolar items with 5-point Likert-type response scales, to assess student perceptions of the quality and utility of Screener. Based on 115 responses, the results indicated a highly positive outlook among students. In addition, we performed a preliminary evaluation of learning outcomes in two courses involving 28 students. Pre- and post-quizzes were applied, each consisting of 20 True/False questions directly aligned with the game's content. The analysis revealed significant improvement in students' performance following engagement with the game, with scores rising from 8.4 to 13.3 (P<0.0001, paired t-test) and 9.7 to 12.7 (P<0.0001, paired t-test). These findings underscore the utility of Screener as an enjoyable and effective tool for facilitating a positive learning experience in the DDD process. Notably, the game can also reduce the educational disparities across different regions of our continental country.

Uma pesquisa de manejo médico e neuropsiquiátrico em uma coorte brasileira de pacientes com doença inflamatória intestinal (DII) / A medical and neuropsychiatric management survey in a brazilian cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd)

ABSTRACT Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be accompanied by several neurological disorders. Since 2004, we started a Brazilian cohort to assess neuropsychiatric complications in IBD patients. Changes in therapeutic strategy and differences in the prevalence and relevance of neuropsychiatric disorders have been reported in the literature. We conducted a short patient-reported survey about the medical management of IBD (with a special focus on neuropsychiatric management) and its complications. During the enrollment period (9/1/2021 to 8/31/2022), 279 patients with IBD answered the survey (128 patients with ulcerative colitis and 151 with Crohn's disease). This is the first medical management survey aimed to verify the level of perception of IBD patients about their neuropsychiatric conditions. We found a high prevalence of neurologic (59%), psychiatric (32%), and neuropsychiatric co-morbidities (69%). There is a marked discrepancy between the findings of neurological disorders reported in our studies over the first 10 years of the cohort in comparison with the current perception/knowledge among the patients registered in the present management survey. Patients tend to have a better understanding of central rather than peripheral nerve conditions.

RESUMO A doença inflamatória intestinal (DII) pode ser acompanhada por vários distúrbios neurológicos. Desde 2004, iniciamos uma coorte brasileira para avaliar complicações neuropsiquiátricas em pacientes com DII. Mudanças na estratégia terapêutica e diferenças na prevalência e relevância dos transtornos neuropsiquiátricos têm sido relatadas na literatura. Realizamos uma breve pesquisa relatada pelos pacientes sobre o manejo médico da DII (com foco especial no manejo neuropsiquiátrico) e suas complicações. Durante o período de 01/09/2021 a 31/08/2022, 279 pacientes com DII responderam à pesquisa (128 pacientes com retocolite ulcerativa e 151 com doença de Crohn). Esta é a primeira pesquisa de gestão médica que visa verificar o nível de percepção dos pacientes com DII acerca de suas condições neuropsiquiátricas. Encontramos uma alta prevalência de comorbidades neurológicas (59%), psiquiátricas (32%) e neuropsiquiátricas (69%). Há uma discrepância marcante entre os achados de distúrbios neurológicos relatados em nossos estudos durante os primeiros 10 anos da coorte em comparação com a percepção/conhecimento atual entre os pacientes da presente pesquisa de manejo. Os pacientes tendem a ter uma melhor compreensão das condições que afetam o sistema nervoso central do que as que afetam o sistema nervoso periférico.

Prevalence, trends, and factors associated with hypertensive crisis among Peruvian adults / Prevalencia, tendencias y factores asociados a la crisis hipertensiva en adultos peruanos / Prevalência, tendências e fatores associados à crise hipertensiva em adultos peruanos

There are few studies focused on the epidemiology of hypertensive crisis at the population level in resource-constrained settings. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and trends over time of hypertensive crisis, as well as the factors associated with this condition among adults. A secondary data analysis was carried out using the Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES). Hypertensive crisis was defined based on the presence of systolic (≥ 180mmHg) or diastolic (≥ 110mmHg) blood pressure, regardless of previous diagnosis or medication use. The factors associated with our outcome were evaluated using multinomial logistic regression, and the trend of hypertensive crisis was evaluated using the Cochrane-Armitage test. Data from 260,167 participants were analyzed, with a mean age of 44.2 (SD: 16.9) years and 55.5% were women. Hypertension prevalence was 23% (95%CI: 22.7-23.4) and, among them, 5.7% (95%CI: 5.4-5.9) had hypertensive crisis, with an overall prevalence of 1.5% (95%CI: 1.4-1.6). From 2014 to 2022, a significant decrease in the prevalence of hypertensive crisis was observed, from 1.7% in 2014 to 1.4% in 2022 (p = 0.001). In the multivariable model, males, increasing age, living in urban areas, high body mass index, and self-reported type 2 diabetes were positively associated with hypertensive crisis, whereas higher educational level, socioeconomic status, and high altitude were inversely associated. There is a need to improve strategies for the diagnosis, treatment, and control of hypertension, especially hypertensive crisis.

Pocos estudios se han centrado en la epidemiología de la crisis hipertensiva a nivel poblacional en entornos de recursos limitados. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y tendencia, a lo largo del tiempo, de la crisis hipertensiva y los factores asociados a esta condición en adultos. Se realizó un análisis de datos secundarios utilizando la Encuesta Demográfica de Salud Familiar (ENDES) de Perú. La crisis hipertensiva se definió en función de la presencia de presión arterial sistólica (≥ 180mmHg) o diastólica (≥ 110mmHg), independientemente del diagnóstico previo o del uso de medicamentos. Los factores asociados a los resultados se evaluaron mediante regresión logística multinomial, y la tendencia a la crisis hipertensiva se estimó mediante la prueba Cochran-Armitage. Los datos de 260.167 participantes, con una media de 44,2 años (DE: 16,9) y 55,5% mujeres, fueron analizados. La prevalencia de hipertensión fue del 23% (IC95%: 22,7-23,4), de la cual el 5,7% (IC95%: 5,4-5,9) tuvo crisis hipertensiva, con una prevalencia general del 1,5% (IC95%: 1,4-1,6). En el período 2014-2022 se constató una disminución significativa en la prevalencia de crisis hipertensiva, del 1,7% en 2014 al 1,4% en 2022 (p = 0,001). En el modelo multivariable, el sexo masculino, el aumento de la edad, vivir en áreas urbanas, el alto índice de masa corporal y la diabetes autoinformada se asociaron positivamente con la crisis hipertensiva, mientras que mayor nivel educativo, nivel socioeconómico y elevada altitud estuvieron asociadas de manera inversa. Es necesario mejorar las estrategias para el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y el control de la hipertensión, especialmente de la crisis hipertensiva.

Há poucos estudos focados na epidemiologia da crise hipertensiva em nível populacional em ambientes com recursos limitados. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência e a tendência, ao longo do tempo, da crise hipertensiva e fatores associados a essa condição em adultos. Uma análise de dados secundários foi realizada usando a Pesquisa Demográfica de Saúde Familiar (ENDES) do Peru. Crise hipertensiva foi definida com base na presença de pressão arterial sistólica (≥ 180mmHg) ou diastólica (≥ 110mmHg), independentemente de diagnóstico prévio ou uso de medicação. Os fatores associados aos resultados foram avaliados por meio de regressão logística multinomial, e a tendência de crise hipertensiva foi avaliada pelo teste de Cochrane-Armitage. Os dados de 260.167 participantes, com média de 44,2 anos (DP: 16,9) e 55,5% mulheres, foram analisados. A prevalência de hipertensão foi de 23% (IC95%: 22,7-23,4), dentre eles, 5,7% (IC95%: 5,4-5,9) apresentaram crise hipertensiva, com prevalência geral de 1,5% (IC95%: 1,4-1,6). De 2014 a 2022, observou-se queda significativa na prevalência de crise hipertensiva, de 1,7% em 2014 para 1,4% em 2022 (p = 0,001). No modelo multivariável, sexo masculino, idade crescente, residir em área urbana, índice de massa corporal elevado e diabetes autorreferido associaram-se positivamente à crise hipertensiva, enquanto maior escolaridade, nível socioeconômico e altitude elevada associaram-se inversamente. Há necessidade de aprimorar as estratégias de diagnóstico, tratamento e controle da hipertensão arterial, especialmente da crise hipertensiva.

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A survey of unvaccinated adults

Background: Concerns and misconceptions surrounding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines may account for vaccine hesitancy and low uptake. Aim: To determine prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, vaccine-related misconceptions, and predictors of vaccine hesitancy among South Africans. Setting: Community setting in five districts in KwaZulu- Natal province. Methods: Between August 20, 2021, and September 27, 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional survey, interviewing 300 unvaccinated adults amid the national vaccination campaign. Predictors of hesitancy were identified through multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Participants had a median age of 29 years (IQR: 23­39), 86.7% were Black African, 63.2% were male, 53.3% resided in rural communities, and 59.3% (95% CI: 53.8% ­ 64.9%) were classified as vaccine hesitant. The primary reason for not vaccinating was a lack of trust in the vaccine (62.1%). Factors associated with reduced vaccine hesitancy included age (participants aged 35­49 years: OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.18­0.64, p = 0.003; participants over 50 years: OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.07­0.47, p = 0.0004), previous COVID-19 infection (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11­0.87, p = 0.03), and receiving vaccine information from healthcare workers (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.10­1.0, p = 0.05). Unemployed (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.1­4.2, p = 0.03) and self-employed individuals (OR: 2.98, 95% CI: 1.27­7.02, p = 0.01) were more likely to be vaccine hesitant. Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy rates are high in KwaZulu-Natal. Uptake could be enhanced by healthcare workers leading information campaigns with messages targeting younger individuals, the unemployed, and the self-employed. Contribution: This survey provides evidence to improve COVID-19 vaccination uptake in South Africa.

Validación transcultural de cuestionario sobre literacidad en salud en el contexto chileno

Objetivos: Validar transculturalmente para contexto chileno, cuestionario en inglés que evalúa competencias comunicacionales empleadas por el odontólogo con sus pacientes. Métodos: Se realizaron seis etapas: traducción, panel de expertos, entrevistas cognitivas, adaptación en línea, método test y re-test, evaluando la consistencia interna y estabilidad, y retrotraducción al inglés. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables sociodemográficas y un análisis descriptivo de los ítems del cuestionario considerando la media de las puntuaciones, desviación estándar y proporción de respuestas positivas, neutras y negativas. Resultados: 70 participantes contestaron el cuestionario (42 mujeres y 28 hombres, edad promedio 38 años). Las entrevistas cognitivas y comité de expertos permitieron hacer adaptaciones a la cultura chilena. Con respecto a la consistencia interna y estabilidad del cuestionario, el valor obtenido para α-Cronbach fue mayor a 72% y λ-Guttman mayor a 81%. Para la estabilidad del cuestionario el coeficiente de correlación Spearman fue de 72% y los coeficientes de concordancia fueron mayores a 76% (valor-p<0,05). Conclusiones: El cuestionario sobre la literacidad de salud oral en el contexto chileno es válido desde la perspectiva de la adaptación transcultural y confiable desde la perspectiva de la consistencia interna y estabilidad.

Objectives: Transcultural validation of a survey in the Chilean context that assesses communication skills of dentists with patients, from English to Spanish. Methods: The process considered six stages: translation, a panel of experts, cognitive interviews, online adaptation, test and re-test practice to assess internal consistency and stability, and finally, back-translation into English. The method included the analysis of the sociodemographic variables and a descriptive analysis of the questionnaire items, considering the mean of the scores, standard deviation, and proportion of positive, neutral, and negative responses. Results: 70 participants answered the questionnaire (42 women and 28 men, average age 38 years). The cognitive interviews and the suggestions of the panel of experts allowed for some changes to better adapt to the Chilean culture. Regarding the internal consistency and stability of the questionnaire, the value obtained for α-Cronbach was greater than 72% and for λ-Guttman greater than 81%. Furthermore, the Spearman correlation coefficient was 72%, and the concordance coefficients were higher than 76% (p-value <0.05). Conclusions: The questionnaire on health literacy in the Chilean context is valid from the perspective of cross-cultural adaptation and reliable from the internal consistency and stability standpoint.

Explorando la evidencia de las asimetrías raciales en la feminización del periodismo brasileño

El objetivo del artículo es relacionar aspectos interseccionales de la raza en el fenómeno de la feminización del periodismo, además de contribuir a la producción de datos sobre el perfil femenino en el periodismo brasileño. La literatura señala que las mujeres son mayoría en el periodismo, por lo que proponemos avanzar en las discusiones para observar su perfil y las asimetrías raciales en contrapunto a la homogeneización. La metodología utilizada para la construcción del trabajo es la cuantitativa, teniendo como método la encuesta. El corpus de la investigación está compuesto por 217 mujeres que ejercen o han ejercido el periodismo en Brasil, 135 autodeclaradas blancas, 75 negras, 3 indígenas y 2 amarillas - 2 informantes optaron por no identificar su color/raza. A partir del análisis descriptivo, verificamos que el perfil de las entrevistadas corrobora las investigaciones sobre profesionales del periodismo brasileño: mujeres cisgénero, blancas y con alto nivel de escolaridad. Los resultados inducen que las mujeres negras tienen el menor nivel de estudios, lo que puede repercutir en su posición en el mercado. En cuanto a la situación laboral, la mayoría de los informantes de la investigación trabajan fuera de los medios de comunicación, principalmente en consultorias. Considerando los grupos raciales, las mujeres blancas se distribuyen en todas las categorías delimitadas (medios de comunicación, fuera de los medios, docencia, etc.), mientras que las mujeres negras son las que acumulan más espacios laborales diferentes y las que actualmente están más fuera del periodismo. Los datos interseccionales apuntan a posibles desventajas de las mujeres negras en relación con las mujeres blancas en el periodismo en Brasil.

The objective of the article is to relate intersectional aspects of race in the phenomenon of the feminization of journalism, as well as to contribute to the production of data on female profiles in Brazilian journalism. The literature points out that women are the majority in journalism, therefore, we propose to advance the discussions to observe their profile and the racial asymmetries in counterpoint to homogenization. The methodology used for the construction of this work is quantitative, with the survey as a method. The research corpus is made up of 217 women who work, or have worked, in journalism in Brazil, 135 self-declared as white, 75 as black, 3 as indigenous, and 2 as "yellow" (meaning East Asians) - 2 informants chose not to identify their color/race. From the descriptive analysis, we verified that the profile of the respondents corroborates research on professionals in Brazilian journalism: cisgender women, white, and with a high level of education. The results indicate that the self-declared black female respondents have the lowest level of education, which may impact their position in the job market. Regarding work situations, most of the women in the survey work outside the media, mainly in consulting firms. Considering the racial groups, white women are distributed in all the delimited categories (media, outside the media, teaching, etc.), while black women are the ones who most accumulate different work spaces, and the ones who are currently outside journalism. The intersectional data points to possible disadvantages of black women compared to white women in journalism in Brazil.

Aplicaciones de un instrumento para evaluar factores de riesgo comportamentales asociados a enfermedades no transmisibles en población trabajadora

Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud diseñó un instrumento para la vigilancia de los factores de riesgo asociados con las enfermedades crónicas, este abarca tres pasos que incluyen los datos personales y comportamentales, antropométricos y bioquímicos. Objetivo: Describir las aplicaciones del Instrumento STEPS (paso 1) para la identificación de factores de riesgo comportamentales asociados a enfermedades no transmisibles en adultos trabajadores, según país y año de publicación. Metodología: Revisión narrativa de estudios originales que utilizaron el STEPS, publicados entre 2015 y 2019 en español, inglés y portugués en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO y el motor de búsqueda Google Scholar. Resultados: Se revisaron 20 documentos de los cuales 6 fueron de Asia y África, y el año de mayor publicación fue 2017. El consumo nocivo del alcohol, tabaquismo, inactividad física y alimentación no saludable son los riesgos más estudiados. Conclusiones: La utilización del instrumento STEPS en publicaciones es más frecuente en países de África y Asia. Se requiere que su implementación sea sistemática y difundida en otros países, con la finalidad de diseñar e implementar estrategias de salud pública para la prevención, mitigación y tratamiento oportuno de las enfermedades no transmisibles.

Introduction: The World Health Organization designed an instrument for the surveillance of risk factors associated with chronic diseases, it has three steps that include personal and behavioral, anthropometric, and biochemical data. Objective: To describe the applications of the STEPS Instrument (step 1) to identify behavioral risk factors associated with noncommunicable diseases in working adults, according to country and year of publication. Methodology: Narrative review of original studies that used STEPS, published between 2015 and 2019 in Spanish, English and Portuguese in the databases PubMed, SciELO, and the search engine Google Scholar. Results: A total of 20 studies were reviewed, of which 6 were from Asia and Africa, and the year of most significant publication was 2017. The most studied risks are harmful alcohol consumption, smoking, physical inactivity, and unhealthy eating. Conclusions: the use of the STEPS instrument in publications is more frequent in countries of Africa and Asia. Its implementation must be systematic and disseminated in other countries to design and implement public health strategies for the prevention, mitigation, and timely treatment of noncommunicable diseases.

Aborto e raça no Brasil, Pesquisa Nacional de Aborto 2016 a 2021 / Abortion and race in Brazil, National Abortion Surveys 2016 to 2021

Resumo Examinamos a realização do aborto segundo cor ou raça das mulheres no Brasil usando dados de três edições da PNA, 2016, 2019 e 2021. Comparamos diferenciais raciais aplicando testes de diferenças de médias a dados de levantamentos separados, levantamentos combinados sem reponderação, e levantamentos combinados e reponderados. Na comparação usamos ainda modelos logísticos para a chance de realização de aborto. Os resultados indicam que há diferencial racial consistente nas três edições da PNA, com os percentuais de aborto entre as mulheres negras sendo mais elevados do que entre as mulheres brancas. Nos levantamentos combinados e reponderados, entre as mulheres negras de todas as idades a probabilidade de ter feito um aborto é de 11,03% enquanto entre as mulheres brancas é de 7,55%. Isso significa uma diferença de 3,5 pontos percentuais, que se traduz em uma probabilidade 46% maior para as negras, valores estatisticamente significantes para um intervalo de 5%. Regressões logísticas produzem resultados similares, com probabilidade média predita das mulheres negras de 12,61% e das mulheres brancas de 8,90%, também significantes. As diferenças raciais persistem estatisticamente significantes para várias combinações de edições da PNA. Porém, nos levantamentos isolados os testes de diferenças de média são estatisticamente significantes apenas em 2016.

Abstract We examine racial differentials in abortion among women in Brazil using data from three editions of the Brazilian National Abortion Survey (PNA), 2016, 2019 and 2021. We test the difference in means in data from separate surveys, combined surveys without reweighting, and combined and reweighted surveys. We also use logistic models for the chance of having an abortion. The results indicate that there is a consistent racial differential in the three editions of PNA, with the percentage of abortions among Black women being higher than among white women. In the combined and reweighted surveys, among Black women of all ages the probability of having had an abortion is 11.03% while among white women it is 7.55%. This means a difference of 3.5 percentage points, which translates into a 46% higher probability for Black women, statistically significant values for a 5% interval. Logistic regressions produce similar results, with an average predicted probability of 12.61% for Black women and 8.90% for white women, also significant. Racial differences remain statistically significant for various combinations of PNA editions. However, in the separate surveys, the difference in means tests are only statistically significant in 2016. Black refers to the group formed by Black and Brown women (pretas and pardas). Due to the small sample size, it is not possible to say much about the differences with Asian and Indigenous women.

Recovery Experience Questionnaire: validity evidence of the Brazilian-Portuguese version / Questionário de Experiência de Restauro: evidências de validade da versão em português brasileiro

Abstract The aim is to present validity evidence of the Brazilian-Portuguese Recovery Experience Questionnaire (REQ-PB) by applying a procedure to decentering cross-cultural scales translation and adaptation. First, we had a phase with bilingual experts, which assessed different criteria of translation quality. In sequence, we conducted the replication of the original research to achieve validity indicators in the Brazilian context. We carried out both Confirmatory Factor Analysis (to find structural validity indicators) and correlations with various external variables (to find convergent validity indicators). Step 1 showed promising results of decentering translation. In step 2 participated 164 workers and the CFA confirmed the four-factor model: psychological detachment from work, relaxation, mastery experience, and control over leisure time. The convergent validity showed a significant correlation with external variables. The REQ-PB showed adequate psychometric properties and may explain and compare empirical evidence of the recovery topic. We concluded that we have a good quality scale to be used in future research and integrated with other constructs to support interventions.

Resumo O objetivo é apresentar evidências da validade do Questionário de Experiência de Restauro em português brasileiro (REQ-PB) por meio da aplicação de um procedimento de descentralização para tradução e adaptação de escalas transculturais. Inicialmente, tivemos uma fase com especialistas bilíngues que avaliaram a qualidade da tradução utilizando diferentes critérios. Na sequência, realizamos a replicação da pesquisa original para alcançar os indicadores de validade no contexto brasileiro. Efetuamos tanto a análise fatorial confirmatória (para encontrar indicadores de validade estrutural) quanto correlações com variáveis externas (para encontrar indicadores de validade convergentes). O passo 1 mostrou resultados promissores na tradução descentralizada. No passo 2, participaram 164 trabalhadores e a análise fatorial confirmatória confirmou o modelo de quatro fatores: distanciamento psicológico do trabalho, relaxamento, experiência de domínio e controle do tempo livre. A validade convergente mostrou uma correlação significativa com variáveis externas. O REQ-PB mostrou propriedades psicométricas adequadas capazes de explicar e comparar evidências empíricas do tópico de restauro. Em resumo, a escala pode ser utilizada em pesquisas futuras e integrada aoutros construtos para orientar intervenções.

A situação da violência doméstica durante a pandemia de covid-19: estudo quantitativo na cidade de Bauru-SP / The situation of domestic violence during the covid-19 pandemic: a quantitative study in the city of Bauru-SP / La situación de la violencia doméstica durante la pandemia de covid-19: un estudio cuantitativo en la ciudad de Bauru-SP

Este artigo é parte do relatório de pesquisa de opinião, quantitativa, executada pela Unesp em parceria com o Conselho Municipal de Políticas para Mulheres, de Bauru-SP, sobre a violência doméstica, de junho a agosto de 2020. A investigação não probabilística, de caráter descritivo, teve como método de coleta de dados o questionário on-line. Seu objetivo foi levantar opiniões de mulheres, de modo a oferecer parâmetros para subsidiar ações de comunicação e publicitação dos serviços promovidos pela Rede de Enfrentamento à violência contra a mulher nessa cidade. Seus resultados constituíram um insumo fundamental para a divulgação de direitos, leis, medidas protetivas, campanhas e informativos de prevenção, e de visibilidade aos serviços dessa Rede. Eles permitiram orientar estratégias de comunicação balizadas na opinião da comunidade, adequadas às demandas e às necessidades de cada região observada na pesquisa, que possibilitaram monitorar e avaliar a Rede de Enfrentamento

This article is part of a report based on a survey carried out by Unesp in partnership with the Municipal Council of Policies for Women, Bauru-SP on domestic violence, from June to August 2020. The non-prob-abilistic research, of descriptive nature, used the online questionnaire to collect data. The survey was con-ducted to find out woman opinions, in order to offer parameters to support communication and publicity actions for the service provided by a network for combating violence against women in that city. Its results enerated fundamental information for dissemination of rights, laws, protective measures, campaigns and prevention, among other ways of giving visibility to the service provided by that network. They made possi-ble to plan communication strategies based on the community opinion, appropriate to demands and pecu-liar needs for each region approached by the survey, which enabled to monitor and evaluate that network

Este artículo es parte del informe cuantitativo de encuesta de opinión realizada por la Unesp en alianza con el Consejo Municipal de Políticas para Mujeres, Bauru-SP, sobre violencia intrafamiliar, desde junio hasta agosto de 2020. La investigación no probabilística, de naturaleza descriptiva, utilizó el cuestionario online para obtener datos. Su objetivo fue conocer la opinión de mujeres, con el fin de ofrecer parámetros para auxiliar acciones de comunicación y divulgar los servicios promovidos por una red de afrontamiento a la violencia contra las mujeres en aquella ciudad. Sus resultados generaron informaciones fundamentales para la difusión de derechos, leyes, medidas de protección, campañas y prevención, y visibilidad a los servicios de esa red. Permitieron orientar estrategias de comunicación basadas en la opinión de la comunidad, adecuadas a las demandas y necesidades de cada región observada en la encuesta, que posibilitaron monitorizar y evaluar aquella red

Antibiotic prophylaxis for cataract surgery - Practice patterns amongst Indian Ophthalmologists

Purpose: To assess the current trends in use of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, especially intracameral antibiotics (ICAB), for cataract surgery in India. Methods: This was an E?survey using a previously validated questionnaire carried out by the All India Ophthalmological Society (AIOS) in August 2022. An E?mail invitation to complete an online 40?point survey was sent to all members of the AIOS using a digital E?mail service (Survey Monkey) and social media platforms. Results: Out of 1804 total respondents, 58% (n = 1022) reported using routine ICAB prophylaxis. Of those using ICAB, 89% (n = 909) reported using it for all cases, whereas the rest used it for specific indications such as post?PC rent (n = 43), one eyed patient (n = 19), and high?risk cases (n = 50). Commercially available moxifloxacin was by far the commonest agent used for ICAB (n = 686, 67%). Eighty respondents (8%) reported noticing occasional toxic reactions and nontoxic corneal edema (n = 64, 6%) with ICAB. Surgeons with >10 years� experience especially practicing in medical colleges used fewer ICAB (OR = 0.52, 95%CI = 0.38 � 0.72, P < 0,001) compared to younger surgeons (<5?year experience) in solo clinics. The commonest reason for nonadoption of IC antibiotics was 搖nconvinced of the need to use it in my setting� (n = 296, 52% of those who answered this question). Conclusion: IC antibiotic prophylaxis for cataract surgery has significantly increased in India from 40% in 2017 to 58% in 2022. Commercially available moxifloxacin was preferred by the majority users. Intraocular inflammation may occur occasionally and needs safer formulations to avoid this

Prevailing practice patterns in keratoconus among Indian ophthalmologists

Objective: The past few years have seen a rapid advancement in the management of keratoconus (KC). However, there is no prescribed standard of care for the management of KC. This study evaluated the prevailing practice patterns among Indian ophthalmologists in the diagnosis and treatment of KC via an online survey. Methods: This was a survey?based cross?sectional study in which a questionnaire (Supplement 1) was created. Questions pertaining to the practicing experience, setting of practice, and training background were asked in addition to the investigations done and decision making in KC management. Responses were collected via Survey Monkey (Survey Monkey, Palo Alto, California, USA) and statistical analysis performed using R software (4.1.3). Results: The survey was answered by 273 ophthalmologists. Pentacam was the most used topographer (195 users), followed by Orbscan (41 users), Sirius (34 users), and Galilei (3 users). The lowest limit of pachymetry for performing collagen crosslinking (CXL) was 400? for most practitioners. More than half the respondents (50.55%) did not perform photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or intracorneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation in a suitable patient. Accelerated 10?minute protocol (9 mW/cm2 for 10 minutes) was the most commonly (54.21%) used for CXL, followed by Dresden protocol (3 mW/cm2 for 30 minutes) (36.63%). When a patient was unsuitable for CXL, 55.31% surgeons advise contact lens (CL) trial, 35.16% surgeons advise keratoplasty, 26.74% surgeons perform stromal augmentation, and 7.69% surgeons advise spectacle correction. Corneal scar was the most common indication (49.45%) for performing keratoplasty. Conclusion: Topography remains the most used diagnostic modality for initial diagnosis. Optical coherence tomography and epithelial mapping are increasingly being used for early diagnosis of KC. Not all ophthalmologists were comfortable performing ICRS or PRK. When patients are unsuitable for CXL, CL trial remains the most frequently advised option followed by keratoplasty.