Sustentabilidad y variabilidad climática: acciones agroecológicas participativas de adaptación y resiliencia socioecológica en la región alto-andina colombiana / Sustentability and climate variability: participatory agroecologycal actions to adaptation and socio-ecological reesilience in the colombian high- andean region

La variabilidad climática constituye en la actualidad uno de los principales factores de riesgo para la agricultura y la seguridad alimentaria mundial. Los ecosistemas más vulnerables en Colombia son los que se ubican en la zona alto-andina donde miles de familias campesinas se dedican a la agricultura en pequeña escala. Los programas enfocados a adaptar la agricultura a la variabilidad climática no se apoyan suficientemente en el conocimiento local ni motivan a las comunidades para la acción. Esta investigación propuso un análisis de la relación entre sustentabilidad y adaptación a la variabilidad climática, reconociendo de manera participativa los principales factores de riesgo para la sustentabilidad de la agricultura a partir de indicadores y analizando la efectividad de planes de mejora en la capacidad adaptativa de la agricultura alto-andina. Se desarrolló como un estudio de caso con 13 productores familiares vinculados a la Asociación Red Agroecológica Campesina de Subachoque, en 3 fases: a) creación de un marco de análisis sobre los principales factores de riesgo para la agricultura; b) evaluación de la sustentabilidad a partir de indicadores propios y c) implementación de planes para aumentar la capacidad adaptativa de la agricultura. La evaluación realizada en dos momentos diferentes demostró mejora en los 9 indicadores generados, de forma que la implementación de las acciones para mejorar la sustentabilidad influyeron positivamente sobre la capacidad de las fincas para adaptarse a los riesgos de la variabilidad climática. Las estrategias agroecológicas implementadas mejoraron la resiliencia socioecológica de los agroecosistemas manejados por agricultores familiares, aumentando la posibilidad de que respondan mejor ante cualquier escenario de cambio ambiental.

Climate variability constitutes actually one of the main risks to agriculture and food security in the world. The most vulnerable ecosystems in Colombia are located in the high region of the Andeans where thousands of families farming lives from agriculture in small scale. The programs aimed to adapt the agriculture to climate variability do not take into account the local knowledge; neither motivates communities to action. This research proposed an analysis of the relationship between sustainability and agricultural adaptation to climate variability in a participatory way, recognizing the main risk factors to agriculture sustainability using indicators and analyzing the effectiveness of improving plans to the agricultural adaptation capacity in the high-Andeans. It was developed as a study case with 13 farmers linked to the Agro-ecological Farming Net Association of Subachoque. 3 phases were developed: a) the creation of a framework regarding the main the risks factors to the agriculture; b) sustainability appraisal based on own indicators and c) implementation of plans to increase the agricultural adaptation capacity. The appraisal developed in 2 different moments showed improving in the 9 indicators suggesting that the implementation of actions to the sustainability of farming positively influenced on the farms capacity to face the risks of the climate variability. The agro-ecological strategies implemented, improving the socio-ecological resilience of agro-ecosystems managed by family farmers, increasing the possibility that they better responding to any scenario of environmental change.

A alimentação no contexto contemporâneo: consumo, ação política e sustentabilidade / Food in the contemporary context: consumption, political action and sustainability

O campo interdisciplinar de reflexões sobre a alimentação como campo político passa por um processo de expansão e transbordamento para a esfera privada, cotidiana e rotineira do consumo alimentar. Tal processo parece ser reflexo de transformações nos mercados agroalimentares globais, da ampla percepção e publicização dos riscos alimentares e da politização do consumo. Uma vez que os indivíduos assumem responsabilidades sobre as consequências ambientais e sociais de suas escolhas cotidianas, a especificidade política da alimentação nas sociedades contemporâneas extrapola a esfera institucional (segurança alimentar e nutricional, desigualdades sociais no acesso à alimentação, políticas agrícolas e regulamentação da publicidade de alimentos) para atingir a esfera privada. O artigo aborda alguns dos recentes debates sobre o processo de politização do consumo e faz uma reflexão teórica sobre as dimensões ética, política e ideológica que relacionam hábitos de consumo alimentar, incluindo locais e formas de aquisição e preparo dos alimentos, valores de preservação ambiental, solidariedade com pequenos produtores locais e precaução reflexiva ante os riscos alimentares. Aponta ainda uma agenda de pesquisa capaz de captar processos de politização da comida e práticas de consumo político no campo da alimentação.

The interdisciplinary field of reflections on food as politics goes through a process of expansion and overflow to the private sphere, and routine daily food consumption. This process seems to be a reflection of transformations in the global agrifood markets, the wide publicity and awareness of food hazards and the politicization of consumption. To the extent that individuals are to assume responsibility for the environmental and social consequences of their everyday choices, the specificity of political power in contemporary societies goes beyond the institutional level (food security and nutrition, social inequalities in access to food, agricultural policies and regulations advertising of food) to meet the private sphere. This paper shows, initially, some of the recent debates about the process of politicization of consumption and then explores a theoretical reflection on the ethical, political and ideological habits that relate to food consumption, including the locations and ways of acquiring and food preparation, the values of environmental preservation, solidarity with local producers and reflexive caution against food risks. Finally, points to a research agenda capable of capturing the processes of politicization of food and consumer practices in the field of political power.