Estado de las Políticas de regulación para el consumo de azúcar y para la comida chatarra en 3 países de América Latina

Introducción: El consumo de bebidas azucaradas y alimentos no saludables es un problema de Salud Pública y de las Políticas Públicas que buscan reducir el impacto de las Enfermedades No Trasmisibles (ENT) en América Latina. Objetivo: identificar las Políticas Públicas generadas en Colombia, Argentina y Chile para la regulación del consumo de azúcar y comida chatarra. Materiales y Métodos: Análisis exploratorio a través de una revisión de literatura y revisión de documentos normativos. Resultados: Colombia en el año 2021 sancionó la Ley 2120 denominada "Ley de Comida Chatarra", que promueve el acceso a información necesaria para fomentar entornos alimentarios saludables y prevenir las ENT, que incluye nuevas normas para el etiquetado de alimentos y describir sus características al consumidor y así limitar el consumo de alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados. Chile fue pionero en el desarrollo de los sellos de advertencia y desde el año 2014, aplica un impuesto adicional a las bebidas no alcohólicas. Argentina en 2021, sancionó la ley que obliga a la industria de alimentos a disponer de etiquetas en los envases que alerten al consumidor sobre los excesos de azúcares, grasas y sodio Conclusiones: Los tres países investigados cuentan con políticas de etiquetado de alimentos procesados, y en Chile existen impuestos a las bebidas azucaradas. Es importante estudiar el impacto de dichas políticas en la prevalencia y severidad de las ENT y de la caries.

Abstract: The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and unhealthy foods is a public health problem that has become a regulatory issue for the public policies aimed at reducing the impact of Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in Latin America. Objective: to identify the Public Policies in Colombia, Argentina and Chile for the regulation of the consumption of sugar and junk food. Materials and methods. Exploratory analysis through a literature and policy documents review. Results: In 2021, Colombia approved the Law 2120 called "Junk Food Law" promoting public access to information for a healthy food environment to prevent NCDs. It includes food labeling for overweight and obesity prevention and establishes a specific labeling regulation for processed and ultra-processed food and sweet drink products. Chile was pioneer in the development of warning stamps on food packages and since 2014 also taxes sweet non-alcoholic beverages. In 2021, Argentina approved a law to add labels on food packages to alert consumers about excess of sugars, fats and sodium. Conclusions: The three investigated countries have labeling policies for processed food, and Chile puts taxes on sugary drinks. It is important to study the impact of these policies on NCD prevalence, severity and on dental caries.

El consumo de bebidas dulces incrementa diferencialmente la expresión de Oxitocina en núcleos hipotalámicos / The consumption of sweet drinks differentially increases the expression of oxytocin in hypothalamic nuclei

Resumen Se reconoce la participación de la oxitocina en el control de la alimentación, pero su mecanismo de acción no se ha establecido totalmente. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto del acceso intermitente a una solución de sacarosa, sobre la expresión de las neuronas del núcleo paraventricular (PVN) y del núcleo supraótico (SON) que producen oxitocina (Oxt), y caracterizar la microestructura de la conducta de beber en ratas saciadas. Se tuvieron tres grupos de ratas macho Wistar saciadas, y en la primera hora al inicio del periodo de luz, el grupo Control tuvo agua, el grupo Restringido 5g de una solución de sacarosa al 20% y el grupo Ad libitum acceso libre a la solución de sacarosa. Los sujetos incrementaron el consumo de la solución de sacarosa a pesar de estar saciados; debido a la interrupción del estado de saciedad y la demora de la satisfacción. La actividad de las neuronas de Oxt se incrementó en ambos núcleos, en el grupo Restringido la mayor expresión se observó en el SON y en el grupo Ad libitum en el PVN. No se encontró correlación entre la cantidad de bebida ingerida y la actividad de las neuronas Oxt.

Abstract The role of oxytocin in feeding control is recognized, but its mechanism of action has not been fully established. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of intermittent access to a sucrose solution on the expression of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraotic nucleus (SON) neurons that produce oxytocin (Oxt), and to characterize the microstructure of drinking behavior in satiated rats. Three groups of male Wistar rats satiated were used, and in the first hour at the beginning of the light period, a Control group had water, a Restricted group 5g of a 20% sucrose solution and Ad libitum group with free access to sucrose solution. The experimental subjects increased the consumption of the sucrose solution despite being satiated, due to the interruption of the state of satiety and the delay of the satiation process. Oxt neurons increased their activity in both nuclei, in the Restricted group the highest expression was observed in the SON and in the Ad libitum group in the PVN. No correlation was found between the amount of drink ingested and the activity of Oxt neurons.

An epidemiological investigation of the oral health behavior of 7 680 adolescents aged 12-15 years in Guangdong Province / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @# To investigate the oral health behavior of urban and rural students in the 12~15 year age group in Guangdong Province, aiming to provide informational support for adolescent oral health care.@*Methods @#A multistage stratified sampling method with equal capacity and simple random sampling was applied to obtain representative samples. A total of 7 680 students aged 12 to 15 were selected from Guangdong Province, with 1 920 in each age group of 12, 13, 14 and 15 years; half were male and half were female, and half were from urban areas and half were from rural areas. According to the Fourth National Oral Health Epidemiology Questionnaire Survey Program, a standard questionnaire was designed to conduct on-the-spot investigations on sugar intake, brushing, dental floss usage, fluoride toothpaste usage.@*Results @#① Eating before a meal and before bed: the proportion of sweet snacks, sweet drinks and sugary drinks consumed ≥2 times/day was higher in the rural group than in the urban group (P < 0.001), with only sugary drinks consumed significantly differently by age (P < 0.001). ② The rural group had a significantly lower proportion of brushing ≥ 2 times/day, flossing habits and fluoride toothpaste habits than the urban @*Conclusions@#Among the students aged 12 to 15 in Guangdong Province, the rural group had a higher proportion of consuming desserts, sweet drinks and sweetened drinks. The proportion of brushing ≥ 2 times/day was lower, and the usage rate of floss and fluoride toothpaste was lower.