Atypical manifestations of recent syphilis: study of 19 cases

Abstract Background: Syphilis is one of the most common diseases that start with genital ulcers. Aside from the initial, classic ulcerative lesion of syphilis, called hard chancre, atypical presentations are common, with erosions, erythema, edema, balanitis, and other dermatological manifestations. Associated with initial genital lesions, the presence of inguinal adenopathies is frequent, and the presence of hardened and painless lymphangitis on the dorsum of the penis is rare. Objectives: To describe atypical penile manifestations in patients with early syphilis. Methods: The present study reports patients who developed cord-like lesions on the penis. Results: The study included 25 patients with cord-like lesions on the penis; in 19 of those, the diagnosis of syphilis was confirmed. Study limitations: Small number of patients included. Conclusions: In view of the findings of the present investigation, it is important to emphasize that all patients who present with cord-like lesions on the penis must undergo a rapid test for syphilis, VDRL, serologies for HIV viral hepatitis B and C and, whenever possible, histopathological and Doppler exams.

Corymbiform syphilis associated with three other sexually transmitted infections

Abstract: Secondary syphilis can have different clinical presentations, with corymbiform rash as its rarest manifestation. The disease is characterized by a central papule surrounded by smaller ones. We report the case of a man who has sex with man with corymbiform syphilis. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with HIV infection, hepatitis B, non-gonococcal urethritis, as well as infection of the central nervous system by treponema. This case not only illustrates a rare presentation of secondary syphilis, but also demonstrates the importance of further investigation of sexually transmitted infections, particularly among at-risk patients.

Nodular tertiary syphilis in an immunocompetent patient

Abstract: Acquired syphilis can be divided into primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary stages. About 25% of patients with untreated primary syphilis will develop late signs that generally occur after three to five years, with involvement of several organs. The authors present an immunocompetent female who developed a tertiary stage syphilis presenting with long-standing nodular plaques.

Papulonodular secondary syphilis: a rare clinic presentation confirmed by serologic and histologic exams

Abstract: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum and divided into three stages according to the duration of the disease: primary, secondary and tertiary. Secondary syphilis has diverse clinical presentations, such as papular-nodular lesions. This presentation is rare, with 15 cases reported in the literature over the past 20 years. We report a case of secondary syphilis with papular-nodular lesions in a healthy 63-year-old patient, who has presented treponema in immunohistochemical examination of the skin lesions.

Malignant syphilis in an immunocompetent female patient

Malignant syphilis is an uncommon manifestation of secondary syphilis, in which necrotic lesions may be associated with systemic signs and symptoms. Generally it occurs in an immunosuppressed patient, mainly HIV-infected, but might be observed on those who have normal immune response. Since there is an exponential increase in the number of syphilis cases, more diagnoses of malignant syphilis must be expected. We report a case in an immunocompetent female patient.

Acroangiodermatitis (pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma) in an HIV sero-positive patient with syphilis and hepatitis C virus coinfection: clinical and dermatopathological features

Acroangiodermatitis is an angioproliferative disease usually related to chronic venous insufficiency, and it is considered a clinical and histological simulator of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Immunohistochemistry is the suitable method to differentiate between these two entities. It reveals the following immunostaining profile: immunopositivity with anti-CD34 antibody is restricted to the vascular endothelium in acroangiodermatitis, and diffuse in the KS (endothelial cells and perivascular spindle cells); immunopositivity with anti-HHV-8 only in KS cases. We report the case of an HIV seropositive patient without apparent vascular disease, who presented violaceous and brownish erythematous lesions on the feet, and whose histopathology and immunohistochemistry indicated the diagnosis of acroangiodermatitis.

Detection of Treponema pallidum by immunohistochemistry in secondary syphilitic lesions / 中华皮肤科杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic value of immunohistochemistry(IHC) for the identification and localization of Treponema pallidum(TP) in secondary syphilitic lesions.MethodsSkin tissue specimens were obtained from the lesions of 25 patients with secondary syphilis and 15 patients with dermatoses unrelated to TP infection,followed by fixation and embeding.IHC using a polyclonal antibody against TP and Warthin-Starry (W-S) silver stain were carried out respectively to detect TP in these specimens.Results TP was detected in 80.00％ (20/25) of the specimens by IHC,44.00％ by W-S silver stain (Fisher's Exact Test,P =0.046).Of the 20 IHC-based TP-positive specimens,all harbored TP in the epidermis,11 also in the dermis.The density of TP was associated with the types of skin lesions,and sequentially decreased from condyloma latum to papules,maculopapules and maculae(x2 =15.694,P =0.011 ).Spirochetes were not seen in any of the control lesional specimens.ConclusionsIHC is superior to traditional W-S silver stain for detecting spirochetes in secondary syphilitic lesions,and is of great value to the diagnosis of secondary syphilis.The accurate localization of TP by IHC may facilitate the study on the formation of syphilitic lesions.

Manifestaciones dermatológicas de la sífilis / Dermatologic manifestations of syphilis

La sífilis es una enfermedad de transmisión sexual causada por la espiroqueta Treponema pallidum. Aproximadamente se presentan 10.6 millones de nuevos casos por año a nivel mundial y en nuestro país 32 casos por cada 100.000 personas. La infección se clasifica en Sífilis primaria, secundaria, latente y terciaria. La sífilis primaria se caracteriza por una úlcera indolora y dura (chancro), que aparece en genitales o en cualquier otra área de contacto, con resolución de dos a seis semanas con o sin tratamiento. La sífilis secundaria se manifiesta de seis semanas a seis meses después de la resolución del chancro primario; esta fase se presenta con varias manifestaciones sistémicas y dermatológicas tales como: el clásico exantema maculopapular en palmas y plantas, la alopecia en parches, los parches mucosos y el condiloma lata. La sífilis latente se define como el periodo después de la infección del T. pallidum en los pacientes seroreactivos, en ausencia de manifestaciones clínicas. Y la sífilis terciaria, la cual puede presentarse como neurosífilis (paresia, tabes dorsal), sífilis cardiovascular (aneurisma aórtico) o goma (infiltrado de monocitos y destrucción tisular en cualquier órgano). Para su diagnóstico se usan inicialmente pruebas no treponémicas como el VDRL y el RPR, pero al ser inespecíficas pueden generar falsos positivos con diversas enfermedades agudas o crónicas, por esta razón se confirman con pruebas treponémicas como el FTA-ABS y la MHA-TP. El manejo es principalmente con peniclina, en casos de alergia se usa tetraciclina o doxiciclina, y ceftriaxona en casos de neurosífilis. El objetivo de este artículo es el enfoque en otros hallazgos dermatológicos diferentes al chancro sifilítico o a las úlceras que caracterizan la patología; se hace énfasis en mostrar cómo estos hallazgos, en ocasiones sutiles, pueden llevar al diagnóstico de las etapas avanzadas y que con mucha frecuencia se confunden con otras dermatosis o enfermedades sistémicas, proporcionando manejos erróneos que conllevan a la progresión de la verdadera enfermedad. De igual forma, se hace una revisión acerca de la actualidad sobre los últimos hallazgos en el diagnóstico y tratamiento, así como el panorama de la enfermedad en nuestro país...

Syphilis is a sexual transmitted disease caused by the spirochete Treponema Pallidum. Approximately 10.6 millions of new cases a year appeared worldwide and in our country 32 cases every 100.000 people. The infection is classified as primary, secondary, latent and tertiary Syphilis. Primary syphilis is characterized by painless and hard ulcer (chancre) that appears in genitals or any other contact area with a resolution from two to six weeks with or without treatment. Secondary syphilis is manifested from six weeks to six months after the resolution of primary chancre; this stage appeared with several systemic and dermatologic manifestations such as the typical maculopapular rash in palms and soles, alopecia in patches, mucous patches and condyloma latum. Latent syphilis is defined as the period after T. pallidum infection in seroreactive patients, in absence of clinical manifestations. And tertiary syphilis which may be presented as neurosyphilis, (paresis, tabes dorsalis), cardiovascular syphilis (aortic aneurysm) or gumma (monocytes infiltration and tissue destruction on any organ). Initially nontreponemal tests like the VDRL and the RPR are used for its diagnosis but when they are not specific, they may generate false positive reactions with several acute and chronic diseases, for that reason, they are confirmed with treponemal tests like the FTA-ABS ant the MHA-TP. The treatment is with penicillin, principally, or doxicycline and tetracicline in allergic cases, and ceftriaxone in neurosyphilis cases. The objective of this article is the approach in others dermatologic findings different to the syphilitic chancre, or the ulcer that is typical of the pathology; emphasis is placed on show how these findings, in some cases subtle, can lead the diagnosis of the advanced stages and with frequency are confused with other dermatosis or systemic diseases, giving mishandling that lead to the progression of the real problem. Similarly is reviewed about the update in diagnosis and treatment, as well as the outlook of the disease in our country...

Leucodermia sifilítica: expressão rara do secundarismo diagnosticada por exame histopatológico / Leucoderma syphiliticum: a rare expression of the secondary stage diagnosed by histopathology

Biópsias são ocasionalmente necessárias para confirmação diagnóstica de sífilis secundária, normalmente obtida por correlação clínico-sorológica. Entretanto, o exame histopatológico pode oferecer pistas que conduzam a um diagnóstico em casos antes insuspeitos ou de apresentação clínica incomum. Apresentamos um paciente de 35 anos, há dois com lesões acrômicas vitiligoides, para o qual sífilis foi sugerida somente após o exame histopatológico. Alguns aspectos microscópicos observados são discutidos e comparados com dados disponíveis na literatura.

Biopsies are occasionally necessary to confirm the diagnosis of secondary-stage syphilis, currently achieved by clinico-serological correlation. However, histopathologic examination may offer clues that can lead to the diagnosis of the disease in previously unsuspected or unusual cases. We report the case of a 35-year-old male patient with vitiligo-like lesions for two years, whose diagnosis of syphilis was suggested only after histopathologic examination. Some microscopic aspects observed are discussed and compared to data from the literature.

Cholestatic Hepatitis and Thrombocytosis in a Secondary Syphilis Patient

The incidence of acute hepatitis in syphilis patient is rare. First of all, our patient presented with hepatitis comorbid with thrombocytosis. To our knowledge, this is only the second report of syphilitic hepatitis with thrombocytosis. The 42-yr-old male complained of flulike symptoms and skin eruptions on his palms and soles. Laboratory findings suggested an acute hepatitis and thrombocytosis. Serologic test results were positive for VDRL. He recovered from his symptoms and elevated liver related enzymes with treatment. Because syphilitic hepatitis can present without any typical signs of accompanying syphilis, syphilis should be considered as a possible cause in acute hepatitis patients.