Prevalencia del segundo conducto en dientes anteroinferiores usando Tomografía Computadorizada Cone Beam / Second root canal prevalence in lower anterior teeth using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Introducción: Es un error común pensar que los dientes anteroinferiores, por lo general, tienen un solo conducto radicular con una sola raíz. Sin embargo, un estudio realizado por Vertucci et. al., (1974), mostraron una alta prevalencia (13%) de dos conductos radiculares en los dientes anteroinferiores, lo que estimuló más investigaciones. Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia del segundo conducto radicular en los dientes anteroinferiores en una población nicaragüense, estos fueron detectados por medio de tomografía computadorizada (Cone Beam). Materiales y Métodos: En el estudio se analizaron 293 piezas dentales, de canino a canino de la arcada inferior. Para realizar el análisis se utilizó el software libre Radiant DICOM Viewer 2021.2.2, se realizaron cortes sagitales, axiales y coronales para ver la prevalencia del segundo conducto radicular. Resultados: De las 293 piezas dentarias analizadas se encontró que 259 presentaban un solo conducto que correspondía al 88.4% y 34 dientes presentaban dos conductos que correspondían al 11.6%. De acuerdo con el análisis tomográfico, se encontró que en los cortes axiales y sagitales fue donde se observó la presencia del segundo conducto. Con respecto a la presencia del segundo conducto de acuerdo al tercio del canal radicular se identificó que la mayoría se presentó en el tercio medio (52.94%), seguido por coronal (29.41%) y por último el tercio apical (17.65%). De acuerdo con la clasificación de Vertucci se encontró que se presenta un mayor porcentaje del tipo I con 88.40%, seguido por el tipo III con 4.44%, después el tipo V con 3.41%, y el tipo II con 2.39%. El de menor porcentaje fue el tipo VI con 1.37%, mientras que, en las piezas analizadas, no se encontraron los tipos IV, VII y VIII. Conclusión: Basados en los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, la prevalencia de un segundo conducto en dientes anteroinferiores fue de 11.6%.

Title The prevalence of a second root canal in mandibular anterior teeth using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Abstract Introduction: It is a common misconception that the mandibular anterior teeth usually have a single root canal with a single root. However, a study by Vertucci et. al., (1974), showed a high prevalence (13%) of two root canals in the lower anterior teeth, which stimulated further investigations. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the second root canal in the mandibular anterior teeth in a Nicaraguan population, these were detected by means of computed tomography (Cone Beam). Materials and methods: In the study, 293 teeth were analyzed, from canine to canine of the mandibular teeth. To perform the analysis, the free software Radiant DICOM Viewer 2021.2.2 was used, sagittal, axial and coronal views were made to see the prevalence of the second root canal. Results: Of the 293 teeth analyzed, it was found that 259 had a single root canal corresponding to 88.4%, and 34 teeth had two root canals corresponding to 11.6%. According to the tomographic analysis, it was found that the presence of the second root canal was observed only in the axial and sagittal views. Regarding the presence of the second canal according to the third of the root canal, it was identified that the majority presented in the middle third (52.94%), followed by coronal (29.41%) and finally the apical third (17.65%). According to the Vertucci classification, it was found that there is a higher percentage of type I with 88.40%, followed by type III with 4.44%, then type V with 3.41%, and type II with 2.39%. The one with the lowest percentage was type VI with 1.37%, while in the pieces analyzed, types IV, VII and VIII were not found. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in this study, the prevalence of a second root canal in lower anterior teeth was 11.6%.

Evaluation of the normal craniocervical junction craniometry in 137 asymptomatic patients / Evaluación de la craneometría de la unión craneocervical normal en 137 pacientes asintomáticos

SUMMARY: To our best knowledge, most of the craniometric studies on the normal craniocervical junction (CCJ), are still poorly studied and based on measurements taken from plain radiographs. In this study, the authors conducted a craniometric evaluation of the CCJ in a population without known CCJ abnormalities. The purpose of the study was to assess the normal CCJ craniometry based on measures obtained from CT scans. The authors examined 137 consecutive CCJ CT scans obtained in patients evaluated at their hospital for treatment of non-CCJ conditions between 2018 and 2019. Twelve craniometrical dimensions were conducted, including the relation of the odontoid with the cranial base, the atlantodental interval (ADI), the clivus length, and the clivus-canal angle (CCA).

Hasta donde sabemos, aun son escasos y pocos los estudios craneométricos respecto a la unión craneocervical normal (UCCN) y estos se basan en mediciones tomadas de radiografías simples. En este estudio, realizamos una evaluación craneométrica de la UCCN en una población sin anomalías conocidas. El propósito del estudio fue evaluar la craneometría UCCN normal en función de las medidas obtenidas de las tomografías computarizadas. Los autores examinaron 137 tomografías computarizadas UCCN consecutivas obtenidas en pacientes evaluados en su hospital para el tratamiento de condiciones no UCCN entre los años 2018 y 2019. Se realizaron doce dimensiones craneométricas, incluida la relación del proceso odontoides con la base del cráneo, el intervalo atlantodental (ADI), la longitud del clivus y el ángulo clivus-canal (CCA).

An examination of the carbon metabolic pathways in Acinetobacter sp. TAC-1 in the context of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) utilization / 生物工程学报

The present study aimed to unravel the carbon metabolism pathway of Acinetobacter sp. TAC-1, a heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) strain that utilizes poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) as a carbon source. Sodium acetate was employed as a control to assess the gene expression of carbon metabolic pathways in the TAC-1 strain. The results of genome sequencing demonstrated that the TAC-1 strain possessed various genes encoding carbon metabolic enzymes, such as gltA, icd, sucAB, acs, and pckA. KEGG pathway database analysis further verified the presence of carbon metabolism pathways, including the glycolytic pathway (EMP), pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), glyoxylate cycle (GAC), and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in the TAC-1 strain. The differential expression of metabolites derived from distinct carbon sources provided further evidence that the carbon metabolism pathway of TAC-1 utilizing PHBV follows the sequential process of PHBV (via the PPP pathway)→gluconate (via the EMP pathway)→acetyl-CoA (entering the TCA cycle)→CO2+H2O (generating electron donors and releasing energy). This study is expected to furnish a theoretical foundation for the advancement and implementation of novel denitrification processes based on HN-AD and solid carbon sources.

Case report: Takayasu arteritis in a newborn, 5-years follow-up

Takayasu Arteritis (TA) is classified as a large vessel vasculitis, it primarily affects aorta and principal branches. The clinical presentation in pediatric patients is odd and there a few literature about it. The case is about a feminine patient hospitalized after birth with diagnosis of patent ductus arterious (PDA), abnormal widening of the descending aorta, aneurysm of the aortic arch. It is kept under close surveillance for 5 years, with imaging improvement in treatment with methotrexate and immunoglobulin, however she presented relapses on two occasions where the caliber decreased in descending aorta and left iliac artery. We can conclude that Identifying AT findings is important for early diagnosis, medical management, and proper monitoring specifically in pediatric patients where little literature is available.

La arteritis de Takayasu (AT) se clasifica como una vasculitis de grandes vasos desarrollándose sobre todo en aorta y ramas principales. Su presentación en pacientes pediátricos es rara y existe muy poca información en la literatura. Se trata de una paciente femenina hospitalizada al nacimiento, a quien se diagnostica ductus arterioso persistente (DAP), dilatación de aorta descendente y aneurisma de arco aórtico. Se mantiene bajo vigilancia estrecha durante cinco arios, con mejoría imagenológica en tratamiento a base metrotexato e inmunoglobulina, sin embargo, presenta recaídas en dos ocasiones, donde se observa disminución del calibre de aorta descendente y arteria iliaca izquierda. Se puede concluir que el identificar los hallazgos de la AT es importante para realizar un diagnóstico temprano, manejo médico oportuno y vigilancia adecuada, en específico en pacientes pediátricos, de quienes se tiene poca información en la literatura.

Evidencias de validez de la tarea de los dedos en una modalidad de administración asincrónica / Validity evidence of the finger task in an asynchronous administration modality

La batería de Autorregulación Cognitiva -TAC-es una herramienta informatizada para la evaluación de los principales procesos ejecutivos en una modalidad de administración presencial. Aunque sus características técnicas hacen viable su administración en una modalidad remota y asincrónica aún no cuenta con evidencias de validez y confiabilidad de sus puntuaciones en una modalidad de administración no presencial. Por ello, este estudio propone obtener evidencias de las propiedades psicométricas de la Tarea de los Dedos -TAC-en su modalidad de administración remota y asincrónica para la evaluación de la Inhibición comportamental y la flexibilidad cognitiva en personas adultas. Para cumplir con este objetivo, se analizó la presencia de dos efectos experimentales que aportan validez de constructo y se comparó su desempeño en las dos modalidades de administración. Finalmente, se analizó la confiabilidad de las puntuaciones a través del método de división por mitades. Los resultados obtenidos aportan evidencia empírica de las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento(AU)

The cognitive self-regulation battery -TAC-is a computerized tool designed to evaluate the work memory, three inhibitory processes and cognitive flexibility. There is still no evidence of validity and reliability of their scores in remote administration mode. The goal of this work is to obtain evidence of reliability and validity for the tac fingers task in remote and asynchronous administration mode for cognitive flexibility and behavioral inhibition evaluation in the adult population. It was analyzed iftwo experimental effects were detected. Its presence indicates the activation or participation of cognitive flexibility and behavioral inhibition in the resolution of activities proposed by the task. Also, the performance of the participants in both modalities was compared. The internal consistency was analyzed through the method of division by halves. The results obtained provide empirical evidence of psychometric properties of TAC fingers task for evaluation of cognitive flexibility and behavioral inhibition in the adult population(AU)

Abdomen agudo quirúrgico relacionado con síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico asociado a covid-19 en pediatría: reporte de caso / Acute surgical abdomen related to multisystem inflamatory syndrome associated with covid-19 in pediatrics

Resumen En el contexto de la enfermedad por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, se ha descrito una afección poco usual denominada síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico en niños, asociada a COVID-19, en la cual los síntomas más frecuentes son los gastrointestinales. El dolor abdominal agudo severo se presenta hasta en un 60 % de los casos, requiriendoprincipalmente un diagnóstico diferencial con la apendicitis aguda. Se reporta el caso clínico de un adolescente quién presentó dolor abdominal, distensión, fiebre y diarrea, con proteína C reactiva muy elevada y hallazgos tomográficos compatibles con apendicitis aguda, por lo que se llevó a cirugía. Fue diagnosticado posteriormente con la enfermedad mencionada, tras reconsultar con fiebre y dolor abdominal. La apendicitis aguda en este síndrome se asocia con isquemia por la vasculitis intestinal y es una complicación inmunológica potencialmente mortal que debe considerarse por riesgo de perforación intestinal.

Abstract In the context of the disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, an unusual condition called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19 has been described, and its most common symptoms are gastrointestinal. Severe acute abdominal pain occurs in up to 60% of cases, requiring mainly a differential diagnosis with acute appendicitis. It is described the clinical case of an adolescent who presented abdominal pain, bloating, fever and diarrhea, with very high C-reactive protein and tomographic findings compatible with acute appendicitis, for which he underwent surgery. He was later diagnosed with the disease, after consulting again with fever and abdominal pain. Acute appendicitis related to this syndrome is associated with ischemia due to intestinal vasculitis and is a life-threatening immunological complication due to the risk of intestinal perforation.

Exploration on Syndrome Types and Metabolic Markers of Rat Model with Heart Failure Caused by Transverse Aortic Constriction Based on Theory of Correspondence of Prescription and Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the difference in the efficacy of three kinds of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） injections on rat model of heart failure induced by transverse aortic constriction （TAC）， explore the TCM syndrome of the model based on the theory of correspondence of prescription and syndrome， and reveal the biological basis of prescription-syndrome from the perspective of metabolism. MethodRats were treated with TAC for modeling and were divided into Shenmai injection group （6.0 mL·kg-1）， model group， Danhong injection group （6.0 mL·kg-1）， Shenfu injection group （6.0 mL·kg-1） and trimetazidine group （10 mg·kg-1）， and sham operation group was set up as control. After drug intervention for 15 days， echocardiography， serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） and myocardial histopathological staining were performed for each group， so as to compare the efficacy to select the effective injection. Colorimetry was used to detect the serum glucolipid metabolism after the intervention of the effective injection， and ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to observe the metabolites and related metabolic pathways in myocardial tissue. ResultCompared with the sham operation group， the left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） and left ventricular fractional shortening （FS） in the model group decreased （P<0.01）， while the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVIDd）， left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole （LVIDs） and NT-proBNP level increased （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， LVEF and FS increased （P<0.01）， LVIDd， LVIDs and NT-proBNP level decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01） in Danhong injection group， NT-proBNP level in Shenfu injection group decreased （P<0.05）， LVIDd and NT-proBNP level increased （P<0.05， P<0.01） in Shenmai injection group， in trimetazidine group， LVEF and FS increased （P<0.01）， while LVIDs and NT-proBNP level decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Serum glucose， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in Danhong injection group and trimetazidine group were adjusted by callbacks （P<0.01， P<0.05）. There were the callback of 9 myocardial metabolites in Danhong injection group， including glycine， serine and threonine metabolism， glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism， glycerol phospholipid metabolism. There were the callback of 10 myocardial metabolites in trimetazidine group， including glycerol phospholipid metabolism. ConclusionThe efficacy of Danhong injection on heart failure model induced by TAC is significant and superior to Shenfu injection and Shenmai injection， suggesting that the model is closely related to heart-blood stasis. The biological mechanism of Danhong injection interfering with the model involves regulating the metabolic disorder of lipid， glucose， amino acid and butyric acid.

Pathological Process Observation and Non-targeted Metabolomics Analysis of Heart Failure Rat Model Established by Transverse Aortic Constriction / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the pathological process and changes of metabolites in myocardial tissue of heart failure induced by transverse aortic constriction （TAC） in rats. MethodRats were treated with TAC operation and divided into TAC-30 d group and TAC-60 d group， and sham operation group at the same period was set up as control. Echocardiography and pathological staining of myocardial tissue were performed on rats in each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the expression of amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） and adenosine triphosphate （ATP） in serum. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to observe the changes of metabolites and related pathways in myocardial tissue， the mobile phase consisted of 25 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate and 25 mmol·L-1 ammonia hydroxide in water （A） and acetonitrile （B） for gradient elution （0-0.5 min， 95%B； 0.5-7 min， 95%-65%B； 7-8 min， 65%-40%B； 8-9 min， 40%B； 9-9.1 min， 40%-95%B； 9.1-12 min， 95%B）， electrospray ionization was used under positive and negative ion detection modes， acquisition range was m/z 70-1 050. ResultCompared with the sham-30 d group， the left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole （LVIDs） in TAC-30 d group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， fraction shortening （FS）， left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness （LVPWd）， left vebtricular end-systolic posterior wall thickness （LVPWs） were significantly increased （P<0.01）， there were cardiomyocyte arrangement disorder， edema， collagen fibre hyperplasia， the content of NT-probNP was significantly increased， while the content of ATP was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and 15 metabolites with abnormal expression were involved in pyrimidine metabolic pathway， pantothenic acid and coenzyme A biosynthesis pathway. Compared with the sham-60 d group， LVEF and FS in the TAC-60 d group were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole （LVIDd）， LVIDs and LVPWd were increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the edema of myocardial cells increased obviously， myocardium fibers degenerated， coagulation necrosis appeared， and a large amount of collagen fibers were deposited， the expression of NT-proBNP increased and the expression of ATP decreased （P<0.01）， there were 21 metabolites with abnormal expression， involving pyrimidine metabolic pathway， and starch and sucrose metabolic pathway. ConclusionAt 30 d after TAC， there are myocardial hypertrophy， lipid metabolism disorder， pyrimidine metabolism disorder and energy imbalance. At 60 d after TAC， there are heart failure， aggravation of lipid metabolism disorder， excessive activation of glucose metabolism， and continuous disorder of pyrimidine metabolism.

Effects of Promove - Saúde da Mulher on anxiety, depression, social skills, and satisfaction: A single-subject design

Terapia Analítico-Comportamental (TAC) (in English, behavioral-analytic therapy, behavior therapy, or clinical behavior analysis) is a possible intervention for cases of anxiety and depression, but it still has much to advance in terms of efficacy and clinical utility evidence. This article aims to describe the effects of a semi-structured intervention in the model of TAC regarding anxiety and depression, behavior, complaints, and satisfaction indicators. Participants included three women with children, marital relationships, and work, aged between 34 and 41 with complaints compatible with anxiety and depression disorders. The intervention used Promove - Saúde da Mulher (PSM) (in English, Promote Women's Health), which included 17 topics, most of them related to social skills. Instruments included the GAD-7 for anxiety, PHQ-9 for depression, IHS-2 Del Prette for social skills, a Complaints Checklist for monitoring clinical demands, and an Evaluation of the Therapeutic Process to describe clients' satisfaction rates. The results from the standardized instruments were statistically analyzed via the JT method. All three participants showed reliable improvements in anxiety and/or depression, improvement in most complaints, and satisfaction with the intervention and its outcomes. Acquisition of social skills occurred in two cases. One participant dropped out and another one relapsed at follow-up. The efficacy criteria were used to evaluate the internal validity of the present study. The study collected the first evidences of outcome and satisfaction for PSM, thus enabling future investigations on the efficacy and clinical utility of this intervention program. (AU)

Research progress on the gene polymorphism of tacrolimus transporter in organ transplantation / 器官移植

Tacrolimus (Tac) is a commonly used immunosuppressant after organ transplantation, which has high immunosuppressive efficacy. However, the pharmacokinetics of Tac significantly differ among individuals, and gene polymorphism is the main influencing factor. In recent years, the gene polymorphism of drug transporter has become a novel research hotspot. Nevertheless, the effect of the gene polymorphism of transporter on Tac pharmacokinetics remains controversial. Consequently, the correlation between the gene polymorphism of transporter and Tac blood concentration plays a significant role in guiding Tac-based individualized immunosuppressive therapy. In this article, the research progresses on the gene polymorphism of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter and solute carrier (SLC) transporter in organ transplantation was reviewed. The correlation between the gene polymorphism of transporter and Tac blood concentration was summarized, aiming to provide reference for Tac-based individualized therapy.

Analysis of risk factors and clinical prognosis of acute kidney injury early after lung transplantation / 器官移植

Objective To analyze the risk factors and clinical prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) early after lung transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 155 recipients undergoing lung transplantation or combined heart-lung transplantation were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into the AKI group (n=104) and non-AKI group (n=51) according to the 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Clinical Practice Guideline. The incidence of AKI early after lung transplantation was summarized. The main indexes of recipients were collected. The risk factors of the occurrence of AKI early after lung transplantation were subjected to univariate and multivariate analysis. The clinical prognosis of lung transplant recipients was evaluated and the survival curve was delineated. Results The incidence of AKI early after lung transplantation was 67.1%(104/155), including 47 recipients with stage 1 AKI, 34 recipients with stage2 AKI and 23 recipients with stage 3 AKI, respectively. Sixteen recipients required continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) early after lung transplantation. Preoperative complication with diabetes mellitus, preoperative complication with pulmonary hypertension, intraoperative mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 60 mmHg, intraoperative massive blood transfusion, and treatment with excessive therapeutic concentration of tacrolimus (Tac) within postoperative 1 week were the independent risk factors for the occurrence of AKI early after lung transplantation. Up to the end of follow-up, 66 recipients (42.6%) died, including 50 recipients in the AKI group and 16 recipients in the non-AKI group. The cumulative survival rate in the AKI group was significantly lower than that in the non-AKI group (40% vs. 66%, P < 0.05). With the increase of AKI severity, the cumulative survival rate of lung transplant recipients was decreased. Conclusions AKI develops early after lung transplantation with high incidence and poor clinical prognosis. Preoperative complication with diabetes mellitus and pulmonary hypertension, intraoperative MAP < 60 mmHg and massive blood transfusion, and treatment with excessive therapeutic concentration of Tac within postoperative 1 week are the independent risk factors for the occurrence of AKI early after lung transplantation.

Hidronefrosis gigante: a propósito de dos casos con distintas etologías / Giant hydronephrosis: about two cases with different etologies

La hidronefrosis gigante se considera una entidad rara, caracterizada por la presencia de al menos 1 litro de líquido dentro del sistema pielocalicial, más frecuente en pacientes masculinos, generalmente asintomático. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 85 años de edad quien refiere desde hace 6 años dolor lumbar izquierdo y aumento de la circunferencia abdominal; en la TAC abdomino-pélvica contrastada se evidencia bolsa hidronefrótica izquierda gigante con corteza renal adelgazada que no concentra ni elimina el contraste. Se presenta el caso de paciente masculino de 85 años de edad quien refiere desde hace 5 años aumento de la circunferencia abdominal y la TAC abdomino-pélvica contrastada muestra importante dilatación del riñón y sistema colector derecho secundario a litiasis ureteral. A ambos pacientes se les practicó nefrectomía simple. Con respecto a la hidronefrosis gigante, la etiología más frecuente es la estenosis de la unión ureteropélvica seguido por la patología litiásica y tumoral; es importante considerar esta entidad como diagnóstico diferencial en caso de masas quísticas abdominales(AU)

Giant hydronephrosis is considered a rare entity, characterized by the presence of at least 1 liter of fluid within the pielocalicial system; is more frequent in males and often asymptomatic. We present an 85-year-old female patient who has a 6-year complain of left lumbar pain associated with increase in abdominal circumference. On CT scan, a giant left hydronephrotic pouch is evidenced, with a thinned renal wall that does not concentrate or eliminate contrast. We present a 61 year-old male who refers a 5-year asymptomatic increase in abdominal circumference. The CT scan reveals significant dilatation of the kidney and right collecting system secondary to ureteral lithiasis. Both patients undergo simple nephrectomy. The most frequent etiology of giant hydronephrosis is ureteropelvic junction stenosis followed by lithiasic and tumor pathology. It is important to consider this entity as a differential diagnosis in the case of abdominal cystic masses(AU)

Whole-body computed tomography is safe, effective and efficient in the severely injured hemodynamically unstable trauma patient / La Tomografía Computarizada Corporal Total es una herramienta segura, efectiva y eficiente en el paciente politraumatizado con inestabilidad hemodinámica

Abstract Trauma is a complex pathology that requires an experienced multidisciplinary team with an inherent quick decision-making capacity, given that a few minutes could represent a matter of life or death. These management decisions not only need to be quick but also accurate to be able to prioritize and to efficiently control the injuries that may be causing impending hemodynamic collapse. In essence, this is the cornerstone of the concept of damage control trauma care. With current technological advances, physicians have at their disposition multiple diagnostic imaging tools that can aid in this prompt decision-making algorithm. This manuscript aims to perform a literature review on this subject and to share the experience on the use of whole body computed tomography as a potentially safe, effective and efficient diagnostic tool in cases of severely injured trauma patients regardless of their hemodynamic status. Our general recommendation is that, when feasible, perform a whole body computed tomography without interrupting ongoing hemostatic resuscitation in cases of severely injured trauma patients with or without signs of hemodynamic instability. The use of this technology will aid in the decision-making of the best surgical approach for these patients without incurring any delay in definitive management and/or increasing significantly their radiation exposure.

Resumen El trauma es una compleja patología que requiere un equipo experimentado y multidisciplinario con una capacidad para la toma de decisiones Oportuna ya que en unos pocos minutos pueden representar la diferencia entre la vida y la muerte. Estas decisiones deben ser precisas para ser capaces de priorizar y controlar eficientemente las lesiones que puedan estar causando el compromiso hemodinámico. En esencia, este es el punto clave del concepto de control de daños en la atención del trauma. Con los nuevos avances tecnológicos, el equipo médico tiene a disposición múltiples herramientas imagenológicas de diagnóstico. Este artículo presenta una revisión de la literatura y descripción de la experiencia local con el uso de la tomografía corporal total como una herramienta diagnostica potencialmente segura, efectiva y eficiente en casos de pacientes con trauma severo sin importar su estado hemodinámico. La recomendación general, cuando sea posible, es que se debe realizar una tomografía corporal total sin interrumpir las maniobras de resucitación hemostática en casos de pacientes severamente traumatizados con o sin signos de inestabilidad hemodinámica. El uso de esta tecnología tiene como objetivo tomar decisiones pertinentes y definir el mejor abordaje quirúrgico para el paciente sin incurrir en tardanzas en el manejo definitivo o incrementar el tiempo de exposición a la radiación.

Aortic Dissection Stanford B. A case report / Disección Aórtica Stanford B. Un Reporte de Caso / Dissecção da aorta Stanford B. Um relato de caso

ABSTRACT Introduction: chest pain is a common presentation in the emergency department environment. Although most cases of chest pain that present in the emergency department are eventually diagnosed as non-cardiovascular aetiology, it is important to exclude acute life-threatening conditions such as acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, visceral perforation and aortic dissection. This publication aims to show the importance of CT Angiography in the diagnosis of this disease and to review the updated bibliography. Case presentation: 45-year-old male patient with onset of chest pain and arterial hypertension, on CT angiography. Discussion: a type B aortic dissection was performed according to Stanford and type III according to the DeBakey classification, the patient was stabilized, cared for by a cardiologist, and referred to a tertiary hospital. Aortic dissection is a disease to consider in young patients who complain of sudden chest pain, hypertension, mainly if the D-dimer is altered; Conclusions: aortic dissection is a disease with a high risk of mortality that must be treated early; the most important radiological study in the diagnosis is CT angiography, the most common clinical presentation is atypical chest pain.

RESUMEN Introducción: el dolor de pecho es una presentación común en el entorno del departamento de emergencias. Si bien la mayoría de los casos de dolor torácico que se presentan en el servicio de urgencias finalmente se diagnostican como de etiología no cardiovascular, es importante excluir afecciones agudas que pongan en peligro la vida, como infarto agudo de miocardio, embolia pulmonar, perforación visceral y disección aórtica. Esta publicación tiene como objetivo mostrar la importancia de Angio TAC en el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad y revisar la bibliografía actualizada. Presentación de caso: paciente masculino de 45 años con inicio de dolor torácico e hipertensión arterial, en el angio TC. Discusión: se realizó una disección aórtica tipo B según Stanford y tipo III según clasificación DeBakey, el paciente fue estabilizado, atendido por un cardiólogo, y derivado a un hospital terciario. La disección aórtica es una enfermedad a tener en cuenta en pacientes jóvenes que se quejan de dolor torácico brusco, hipertensión arterial, principalmente si el dímero D está alterado; Conclusiones: la disección aórtica es una enfermedad de alto riesgo de mortalidad que debe tratarse temprano; el estudio radiológico más importante en el diagnóstico es el Angio TAC, la presentación clínica más común es el dolor torácico atípico.

RESUMO Introdução: a dor torácica é uma apresentação comum no ambiente de pronto-socorro. Embora a maioria dos casos de dor no peito que se apresentam no departamento de emergência sejam eventualmente diagnosticados como de etiologia não cardiovascular, é importante excluir condições agudas de risco de vida, como infarto agudo do miocárdio, embolia pulmonar, perfuração visceral e dissecção aórtica. Esta publicação tem como objetivo mostrar a importância da angiotomografia no diagnóstico desta doença e revisar a bibliografia atualizada. Apresentação do caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 45 anos, com quadro de dor torácica e hipertensão arterial, à angiotomografia. Discussão: foi realizada dissecção aórtica tipo B de acordo com Stanford e tipo III de acordo com a classificação de DeBakey, o paciente foi estabilizado, atendido por cardiologista e encaminhado para hospital terciário. A dissecção da aorta é uma doença a ser considerada em pacientes jovens que se queixam de dor torácica súbita, hipertensão, principalmente se o dímero D estiver alterado; Conclusões: a dissecção aórtica é uma doença de alto risco de mortalidade que deve ser tratada precocemente; o estudo radiológico mais importante para o diagnóstico é a angiotomografia, a apresentação clínica mais comum é a dor torácica atípica.

Psicosis depresiva como forma de presentación de un tumor cerebral / Depressive Psychosis as an Onset Symptom of a Brain Tumor

Introducción: Los tumores cerebrales a veces tienen una presentación clínica compleja y atípica en sus inicios, en dependencia de su localización, lo que puede confundirse con trastornos de la esfera psiquiátrica. Objetivo: Describir un caso clínico interpretado como una psicosis por su sintomatología cuyo diagnóstico resultó un glioblastoma multiforme de alta malignidad. Caso clínico: Mujer de 35 años que comienza desde hace varios meses con trastornos de la conducta, síntomas depresivos, irritabilidad y conflictos en el hogar. Se instala un cuadro de depresión profunda que no mejora con tratamiento farmacológico impuesto por psiquiatría y se decide tratamiento electroconvulsivo, después del cual cae en estado de coma con elementos de hipertensión intracraneal y focalización neurológica. La tomografía de urgencia evidencia un tumor intracraneal, con áreas de necrosis, infiltración y desplazamiento de estructuras adyacentes y signos de hipertensión intracraneal. Al realizar intervención microquirúrgica fallece. La necropsia reveló glioblastoma multiforme de alta malignidad con focos de necrosis y de hemorragias. Conclusiones: La depresión y manifestaciones de trastornos mentales pueden tener causa orgánica, un hecho que debe considerarse en el contexto clínico. La historia clínica bien obtenida, la evaluación psicopatológica y las técnicas de imágenes en la actualidad son herramientas fundamentales en la precisión diagnóstica(AU)

Introduction: Brain tumors sometimes have a complex and atypical clinical presentation at the beginning, depending on their location, which can be mistaken for psychiatric disorders. Objective: To describe a clinical case interpreted as a psychosis for its symptoms and whose diagnosis was a highly malignant glioblastoma multiforme. Clinical case: This is the case of a 35-year-old woman who, several months ago, started to present behavioral disorders, depressive symptoms, irritability, and conflicts at home. Clinical signs of deep depression onset, which does not improve with pharmacological treatment prescribed by the psychiatry specialist; electroconvulsive treatment is decided, after which she falls into a coma with elements of intracranial hypertension and a neurological focus. The emergency tomography shows an intracranial tumor, with necrotic areas, infiltration, and displacement of adjacent structures, as well as signs of intracranial hypertension. When microsurgical intervention is performed, she died. The necropsy revealed highly malignant glioblastoma multiforme with necrosis focuses and hemorrhage. Conclusions: Depression and manifestations of mental disorders may have an organic cause, a fact that must be considered in the clinical setting. A well-obtained clinical history, psychopathological evaluation, and imaging techniques are currently essential tools for an accurate diagnosis(AU)

Trombosis de la vena ovárica derecha tras histerectomía subtotal y colposacropexia vía laparoscópica: a propósito de un caso / Right ovarian vein thrombosis after subtotal laparoscopic hysterectomy and colposacropexy: report of clinical case

La trombosis de la vena ovárica es una complicación infrecuente que suele ocurrir durante el postparto, comúnmente tras una cesárea. Sin embargo, existen otras causas como son: la cirugía abdominal, las infecciones, las neoplasias malignas o los estados procoagulantes. La sintomatología es variada e inespecífica. En el estudio de esta entidad, tanto la Resonancia Magnética como el TAC con contraste intravenoso juegan un papel importante. Puesto que las complicaciones pueden ser mortales, es fundamental el tratamiento inmediato con anticoagulación y antibioterapia. El caso presentado a continuación supone uno de los posibles diagnósticos a considerar en una paciente intervenida de histerectomía subtotal laparoscópica con colposacropexia, que presenta dolor abdominal persistente tras la cirugía y riesgo de trombosis moderado por sus factores de riesgo.

Ovarian vein thrombosis is a rare complication that might happen in the postpartum period, most commonly after a cesarean section. However, there are many other causes such as abdominal surgery, infection, malignant neoplasms and procoagulant statuses. Symptoms are varied and unspecific. The computed tomography with intravenous contrast and the magnetic resonance play an important role in the diagnosis. As complications can be fatal, treatment with anticoagulants and antibiotics is necessary. We present a case in which ovarian vein thrombosis needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis in a woman after a subtotal laparoscopic hysterectomy with colposacropexy with moderate risk factors of thrombosis.

Sífilis secundaria con compromiso pulmonar / Secondary syphilis with pulmonary involvement

La sífilis es una enfermedad de transmisión sexual causada por una espiroqueta, Treponema palidum. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 62 años de edad, que consultó por fiebre de 38°, dolor torácico en puntada de costado y lesiones pruriginosas en piel. Se realizó examen de laboratorio de sangre periférica, radiografía y tomografía de tórax. Recibió tratamiento antibiótico y fue diagnosticada como neumonía aguda de la comunidad. Debido a la respuesta parcial de los síntomas y persistencia de lesiones pruriginosas se realizó biopsia de piel que informó Treponema palidum, el cual fue confirmado con test serológico VDRL y FtA-abs positivo. La paciente recibió 4 dosis de penicilina G benzatínica con favorable evolución de las lesiones en piel y mejoría de las imágenes radiológicas.

We present the case of a 62-year-old woman who consulted for fever (38°), stabbing thoracic pain (on one side), and pruritic skin lesions. She underwent peripheral blood tests, chest X-rays and CT. Her symptoms were interpreted as severe community-acquired pneumonia. After a treatment with antibiotics, her skin lesions persisted, and other symptoms were only partially relieved. A skin biopsy was performed, which revealed Treponema pallidum. Such finding was confirmed through positive serum VDRL and FTA-ABS tests. The patient received 4 doses of benzathine penicillin G with favorable evolution of skin lesions and improvement of radiological images.

Reconstrucción del ligamento patelofemoral medial (LPFM) con autoinjerto cuadricipital y uso de TAC 3D preoperatorio para establecer punto anatómico femoral / Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with a quadriceps autograft and using a pre-operative 3-d ct scan to locate the femoral anatomical point

Introducción En los últimos años ha cobrado importancia la reconstrucción del LPFM. La técnica más utilizada es con autoinjerto de tendones isquiotibiales. En algunas series los reportes de complicaciones son mayores al 26%. Este trabajo pretende demostrar la utilidad del autoinjerto del cuádriceps para la reconstrucción del LPFM, sin túneles rotulianos y sin el uso de fluoroscopia intraoperatoria. Materiales y métodos Se incluyeron pacientes con historia clínica de al menos dos episodios de luxación. Se tomaron en todas los pacientes serie radiográfica, TAC axial rótulas, TAC 3D y RNM. Se obtuvo registro de manera retrospectiva de puntuaciones en las escalas de Lysholm, Tegner y Kujala en el posoperatorio con controles a los 6,12 y 18 meses. Resultados Cumplieron con los criterios de selección 24 pacientes, 16 mujeres y 8 hombres, edad promedio de 23 años.En nuestro estudio se observó la mejoría de puntuaciones en las escalas de Lysholm, Tegner y Kujala en el posoperatorio con controles a los 6,12 y 18 meses. Sin presentarse nuevos episodios de luxación rotuliana u otras complicaciones relevantes. Hubo un retorno en todos los casos a la actividad deportiva. Discusión Este estudio reafirma que el tendón cuadricipital es un injerto que reproduciendo mejor la anatomía del LPFM, presenta cifras comparables o mejores funcionalmente con los otros injertos utilizados en la actualidad. Con el protocolo preoperatorio de TAC3D se ha conseguido identificar en forma individual y con la especificidad anatómica de cada paciente, al tubérculo aductor y epicóndilo medial, dando mayor certeza en la ubicación anatómica de la inserción femoral LPFM. Con las ventajas adicionales de disminuir el tiempo quirúrgico, y evitar radiación innecesaria en el equipo quirúrgico.

Background The reconstruction of the medial patellar-femoral ligament (MPFL) has become increasingly important in recent years. The most used technique is a hamstring tendons autograft. Complications of greater than 26% have been reported in some series. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the use of quadriceps autograft for the reconstruction of the MPFL, without patellar tunnels and without the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy. Methods A Case Series study was performed. Patients with a clinical history of at least two episodes of dislocation were included. A series of x-rays, axial Computed Tomography (CT), patellae, 3D CT, and MR image were taken in all patients. Scores on the Lysholm, Tegner, and Kujala scales were used in the postoperative period, with controls at 6, 12 and 18 months being recorded Results A total of 24 patients, 16 women and 8 men, with a mean age of 23 years, met the selection criteria. An improvement was observed in the scores on the Lysholm, Tegner, and Kujala scales in the postoperative period, with controls at 6, 12, and 18 months. No new episodes of patellar dislocation or other relevant complications were observed. There was a return to sports activity in all cases. Discussion This study reaffirms that the quadriceps tendon is a graft that reproduces the anatomy of the MPFL better, shows figures comparable or functionally better than with the other grafts used at present. Using the preoperative protocol of 3-D CT scans, the adductor and medial epicondyle tubules have been identified individually and with the anatomical specificity of each patient, giving greater certainty in the anatomical location of the MPFL femoral insert. This also has the additional advantages of decreasing surgical time, and avoiding unnecessary radiation in the surgical team.

Marcación de nódulos pulmonares con lipiodol bajo tomografía computada: experiencia local y correlación anatomopatológica / Marking of pulmonary nodules with lipiodol by computerized tomography: local experience and anatomopathological correlation

El objetivo de este estudio es la descripción de la novedosa y poco invasiva técnica de marcación de pequeños nódulos pulmonares con lipiodol, guiado con TAC para su posterior resección por cirugía videotoracoscópica con apoyo radioscópico. Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo que incluye 51 pacientes consecutivos en un tiempo comprendido entre junio del 2012 a septiembre del 2017, obteniendo el diagnóstico final mediante la correlación anatomopatológica, representando los procesos malignos el 81% y los benignos el 19%. Mediante esta técnica se lograron identificar y extraer con éxito el 100% de los nódulos marcados, demostrándose la efectividad y seguridad del procedimiento por las mínimas complicaciones relacionadas.

The purpose of this study is describing a novel and minimally invasive technique of CT-guided marking of small pulmonary nodules with lipiodol prior to resection by videothoracoscopic surgery with radioscopic support. This is a retrospective study that includes 51 consecutive patients between June 2012 and September 2017, with the final diagnosis confirmed by pathology. Malignant nodules represented 81% of the cases with the remaining 19% being benign nodules. Through this technique, 100% of the marked nodules were successfully identified and extracted with few procedure related complications and no adverse clinical outcome, demonstrating the effectiveness and safety of the procedure.

Diagnóstico de Colitis isquémica. A propósito de un caso / Diagnosis of Ischemic Colitis. Case Report

Introducción: La colitis isquémica es la forma más común de isquemia intestinal. Es más frecuente en pacientes mayores de 65 años y están reconocidos los factores de riesgo de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Considerar el diagnóstico precoz de la enfermedad, mediante la realización de estudios diagnósticos determinados, en un paciente en quien se identifican factores de riesgo para la enfermedad. Presentación del caso: Se presenta un paciente con rectorragia. Al interrogatorio y examen físico se recogen factores de riesgo para la colitis isquémica. El diagnóstico se confirma por colonoscopía y las pruebas radiológicas ayudan a establecer la causa y el lugar de la isquemia. Conclusiones: El reconocimiento de factores de riesgo para la colitis isquémica permitió la sospecha de la enfermedad. Las pruebas diagnósticas, realizadas en un período precoz confirmaron el diagnóstico y permitieron buena respuesta al tratamiento(AU)

Introduction: Ischemic colitis is the most common form of intestinal ischemia. It is frequently observed in patients older than 65 years, and the risk factors of the disease are already known. Objective: To consider the early diagnosis of the disease in a patient in whom risk factors for the disease are identified after performing specific diagnostic tests. Case Presentation: A patient with rectal bleeding is presented. On questioning and physical examination, risk factors for ischemic colitis are identified. The diagnosis is confirmed by colonoscopy, and the radiological tests permitted to identify the cause and location of the ischemia. Conclusions: The identification of risk factors for ischemic colitis allowed to think on the possibility of the disease. Diagnostic tests, performed in an early period, confirmed the diagnosis and made a good response to treatment possible(AU)