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RESUMEN Introducción: La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa causada por el Mycobacterium tuberculosis; entre los factores de riesgo para su desarrollo se encuentra la diabetes mellitus. Las personas con Tuberculosis activa y diabetes pueden complicarse negativamente en los resultados del tratamiento de la Tuberculosis, retrasando el tiempo de respuesta microbiológica, lo que aumenta la probabilidad de un resultado no favorable y aumenta el riego de recaídas, la resistencia a fármaco y la muerte en algunos casos. Objetivo: Establecer la frecuencia de diabetes mellitus en pacientes con tuberculosis que estaban en tratamiento en un Hospital público en Valledupar, Colombia; y su correlación con los factores de riesgo. Material y Métodos: Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo transversal, en todos los casos diagnosticados con Tuberculosis que asistieron al tratamiento en un Hospital. El diagnostico de diabetes se realizó con prueba de glicemia basal, con la historia clínica de los pacientes y encuestas. A todos los participantes se le realizó una encuentra para evaluar los factores de riesgos. Resultados: De 70 pacientes con tuberculosis, 8 (11,4 %) fueron diagnosticados con DM. Se observó que la edad > 40 años (p= 0,030) constituye un factor de riesgo para el binomio Tuberculosis-diabetes; pero no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa con respecto al sexo, consumo de alcohol y tabaco, VIH, índice de masa corporal (p > 0,05). Conclusiones: La prevalencia del binomio diabetes mellitus y tuberculosis en el Hospital estudiado coincide con las cifras establecida por la OMS.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Diabetes Mellitus is among the risk factors for the development of Tuberculosis. People with active Tuberculosis and diabetes can be negatively complicated by the results of Tuberculosis treatment, delaying the time of microbiological response which increases the probability of an unfavorable result and the risk of relapse, drug resistance, and death in some cases. Objective. To establish the prevalence of Diabetes mellitus and its correlation with risk factors in patients with Tuberculosis who underwent treatment in a public Hospital in Valledupar, Colombia. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in all cases diagnosed with Tuberculosis that underwent treatment in a public Hospital in Valledupar, Colombia. The diagnosis of diabetes was made with the use of a test to measure basal glycemia, the clinical histories of the patients, and surveys. All participants were surveyed for the evaluation of risk factors. Results. Of the 70 patients with Tuberculosis, 8 (11.4%) were diagnosed with DM. It was observed that the age> 40 years (p = 0.030) constitutes a risk factor for the TB-DM binomial; but there was no statistically significant difference with regard to sex, alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption, HIV, and body mass index (p> 0.05). Conclusions . The prevalence of Diabetes mellitus-Tuberculosis binomial in the Hospital studied corresponds to the figures established by the World Health Organization (WHO).
RESUMO
Aim: The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis at the University of Gondar Teaching Referral Hospital, northwest Ethiopia. Study Design: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was performed using the WHO structured diabetic assessment protocol. Place and Duration: The study included all active pulmonary tuberculosis patients visiting the University of Gondar Teaching Referral Hospital during the study period (October 2011 to November, 2012). Methodology: We included 199 consecutive active pulmonary tuberculosis patients; 117 of these were male and 108 were urban dwellers. Analyses of fasting blood glucose level were carried out using blood samples collected by finger puncture. For testing significance, categorical data were compared using a chi-square test and expressed as proportion with a 95% confidence interval. Result: The prevalence of diabetes was found to be 8.5 % [95%CI: 4.6– 12.5], which was higher (11.1%) among male than female participants (4.9%). Likewise, 10.2% of the patients were from urban and 6.6% from rural areas. The proportion of newly diagnosed diabetic cases was 52.9%, and all of them were between 25-44 years of age. The Prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 29.6%. The prevalence of HIV co-infection in the study population was 28.6% [95%CI: 22.3 34.9] and Diabetes was 4 times higher among HIV co-infected patients than among HIV-negative tuberculosis patients. Of all patients with active tuberculosis, 146 (73.7%) were sputum smear negative for acid fast bacilli. The proportion of diabetes was 9.6% among smear positive and 8.2% among smear negative cases. Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes among active pulmonary tuberculosis cases was higher compared to the published prevalence of DM in the general population. Therefore, it is important to implement an active case detection of diabetes among tuberculosis patients.