Interactive web-based tool for evaluating the spread of bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis in Colombia / Herramienta interactiva basada en la web para evaluar la propagación de la tuberculosis bovina y la brucelosis en Colombia / Ferramenta interativa baseada na web para avaliar a disseminação da tuberculose e brucelose bovina na Colômbia

Abstract Background: Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and brucellosis are associated with devastating losses in the livestock sector in Colombia and even in developed countries. Real-time disease surveillance is a key strategy to control and eradicate infectious disease outbreaks. Objective: To design an epidemiological tool for monitoring BTB and brucellosis in Colombia. Methods: An interactive platform for disease mapping of BTB and brucellosis during an observation period between years 2004 and 2019 was designed. Results: Our analysis showed that the provinces of Cundinamarca and Valle del Cauca are regions affected by BTB and brucellosis epidemics, respectively (p<0.001). Furthermore, increased case detection of BTB was reported in 2012 and brucellosis in 2019 (p<0.001). Conclusions: This epidemiological platform allows tracking BTB and tuberculosis hotspots, identifying trends over time, and provides useful information to animal health authorities for designing new strategies in control programs.

Resumen Antecedentes: La tuberculosis bovina (TBB) y la brucelosis están asociadas con problemas persistentes en la ganadería Colombiana e incluso en los países desarrollados. La vigilancia de enfermedades en tiempo real es una estrategia clave para controlar y erradicar brotes de enfermedades infecciosas. Objetivo: Diseñar una herramienta epidemiológica para monitorear TBB y brucelosis en Colombia. Métodos: Se diseñó un panel de control interactivo para el mapeo de ambas enfermedades durante el periodo de observación entre los años 2004 y 2019. Resultados: El análisis de la herramienta mostró que las Provincias de Cundinamarca y Valle del Cauca han sido áreas epidémicas para TBB y brucelosis, respectivamente (p<0,001). Además, se encontró un aumento de la detección de casos de TBB en 2012 y de brucelosis durante 2019 (p<0,001). Conclusiones: Este panel epidemiológico permite el seguimiento de puntos críticos de TBB y tuberculosis, identificando sus tendencias a lo largo del tiempo, y proporciona información útil para las autoridades de sanidad animal que diseñan nuevas estrategias para los programas de control.

Resumo Antecedentes: A tuberculose bovina (TBB) e a brucelose estão associadas a problemas persistentes no campo da pecuária na Colômbia e até em países desenvolvidos. Portanto, a vigilância de doenças em tempo real é uma estratégia essencial para controlar e erradicar surtos de doenças infecciosas. Objetivo: Projetar uma ferramenta epidemiológica para monitorar a TB e a brucelose na Colômbia. Métodos: Um painel de controle interativo foi projetado para o mapeamento de ambas as doenças entre 2004 e 2019 como período de observação. Resultados: A análise da ferramenta mostrou que as Províncias de Cundinamarca e Valle del Cauca foram áreas epidêmicas para TBB e brucelose, respectivamente (p<0,001). Além disso, foi encontrado um aumento na detecção de casos em 2012 para TBB e brucelose durante 2019 (p<0,001). Conclusões: Esse painel epidemiológico poderia permitir o monitoramento de pontos críticos dessas doenças, identificando tendências ao longo do tempo, fornecendo informações úteis para as autoridades de saúde animal que elaboram novas estratégias para programas de controle.

Effect of powder-liquid ratios and powder colors on color stability of 4-META / MMA-TBB resin after immersion in coffee / 대한치과재료학회지

The aim of this study was to evaluate the color stability of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META) / methyl methacrylate (MMA) & tri-n-butylborane (TBB) resin with different powder-liquid (P/L) ratios and powder colors after immersion in coffee. Experimental groups (Bondfill SB) were classified by the P/L ratio (0.8:1 / 1:1 / 1.2:1, weight [wt] %) and color of the powder (light / medium). Light-cured resin composite (Filtek Z350 XT flowable) was used as a control group. Each disk-shaped specimen of 7 groups (n = 8 for color difference, n = 10 for translucency parameter [TP]) was immersed in a staining solution of coffee for 4 weeks. The color of the specimen was measured at the time of baseline, 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks with a spectrophotometer. The color difference (ΔE) and changes in translucency parameter (ΔTP) were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. Independent t-test was applied to evaluate the effect on the colors of the powder (α = 0.05). The values of color difference (ΔE) of the experimental groups were within the clinically acceptable threshold (ΔE < 3.3), whereas control group showed values over 3.3 after 1 week of immersion. The values of TP ranged from 9.58 to 13.28. The differences of TP (ΔTP) between baseline and 4 weeks were less than 1.0, except in the control group. Conclusively, self-cured resin composite showed excellent color stability in coffee for the period of this study regardless of different P/L ratios and powder colors.

Apical microleakage of MTA with 4-META/MMA & TBB resin as a root-end filling material / 대한치과보존학회지

We evaluated in vitro microleakage of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) powder with 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META) / methyl methacrylate (MMA) & tri-n-butylborane (TBB) resin as a retrograde filling material by using methylene blue dye method. Fifty-two single rooted, extracted teeth were instrumented and obturated with gutta percha and AH plus sealer. The apical 3mm of each root was resected and 3mm deep ultrasonic root end preparation was done. External surface of roots was coated with nail varnish. Prepared teeth were randomly divided into five groups; Negative control: completely covered with nail varnish; Positive control: coated with nail varnish except for apical foramen; Group 1 (retrofilled with Portland cement); Group 2 (retrofilled with MTA); Group 3 (retrofilled with MTA powder mixed with 4-META/MMA & TBB resin). Immediately after completion of root-end filling, all specimens were submerged in methylene blue dye for 72 hours in 37degrees C incubator. The roots were longitudinally sectioned and measured for extent of dye penetration by three different examiners under microscope (x10). The results were statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA and Turkey's HSD test. No leakage was evident in negative control and complete leakage in positive control group. Group 3 showed significantly less leakage than group 1 and 2 (p 0.01). It was concluded that MTA powder with 4-META/MMA & TBB resin was excellent in reducing initial apical microleakage.

THE STUDY OF COMPARISON BETWEEN ELISA AND DOT-ELISA TO DETECT TBB-MLO TSWV AND PSEUDOMON AS SOLAN ACEARUM / 微生物学通报

Tomato big bud mycoplasma-like organism (TBB-MLO) Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and P. solanacearum was detected by using ELISA and Dot-ELISA methods. The risults showed that to detect TBB-MLO and P. solanacearum Dot-ELISA was about 50—100 times sensitive than ELISA method, but to detect TSWV it gave same results of both methods.