Impact of simulation-based-teaching in obstetrics and gynecology in under-graduate medical education

Background: Simulation based teaching (SBT) is an evolving teaching-learning method (TLM) that can enhance skill acquisition among students while providing multiple practice sessions, before on-patient implementation helping to improve confidence and competency among medical students.Methods: The study was conducted among 150 students of Phase II MBBS students of Adesh medical college and hospital, KKR, Haryana, from April 2022 to October 2022 on batches of 30 students each during their clinical postings of 4 weeks in the OBG department. They were further divided into batches of 10, and given didactic lecture on the selected topic. Following which, the facilitators demonstrated the skill. The students were allowed to practice individually. There doubts were cleared. An OSCE evaluation of the skill was made, followed by a debriefing session. A feedback form was then filled by both students and facilitators to assess impact of SBT.Results: Among the 150 students of phase II MBBS students, 146 responses were received. Both the medical students and the facilitators showed high levels of satisfaction with SBT. About 60.27% (88) students had a good overall experience with this new TLM.Conclusions: SBT improves retention as well as understanding of the concept. The teachers witnessed improved confidence and enhanced overall performance. The current study concludes that SBT is a highly effective tool and should be firmly inculcated in medical education.

Fatigue Performance and Numerical Simulation of Medical Titanium Alloy Subjected to Simulated Body Fluid / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the corrosion-fatigue properties of a novel low modulus Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb(TLM)titanium alloy subjected to simulated body fluid(SBF).Methods Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)alloy was used as the control group.The electrochemical corrosion polarization curves of the two titanium alloys were measured in SBF.The pre-corroded TC4 and TLM titanium alloy samples were subjected to rotational bending fatigue tests.The loading stress amplitude and fatigue fracture cycle relationship was established using the experimental data,and the stress life curves were drawn.Subsequently,the fracture mechanism was analyzed by analyzing the corrosion fatigue micro-fracture morphology of the sample,and fatigue analysis on the titanium alloy sample was then conducted combined with the finite element software.Results The self-corrosion potential of the TC4 titanium alloy under stress annealing was lower than that of the TLM titanium alloy after heat treatment.The TLM titanium alloy was most sensitive to changes in cyclic stress.A comparison between the simulation and experimental results showed that the TC4 titanium alloy under stress annealing had a higher fatigue strength and stronger resistance to crack propagation than the TLM titanium alloy did after heat treatment,whereas its corrosion resistance was the opposite.Compared to the specimens without pre-corrosion treatment,the brittleness of the TLM titanium alloy increased,and its fatigue performance decreased after pre-immersion in SBF.Conclusions Through comparative analysis,the reliability of the test results proved to be high,and the COMSOL finite element software could effectively predict the fatigue life of titanium alloy materials.

Radiation up-regulates the expression of VEGF in a canine oral melanoma cell line

To evaluate radiosensitivity and the effects of radiation on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptors in the canine oral melanoma cell line, TLM 1, cells were irradiated with doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 Gray (Gy). Survival rates were then determined by a MTT assay, while vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1 and -2 expression was measured by flow cytometry and apoptotic cell death rates were investigated using an Annexin assay. Additionally, a commercially available canine VEGF ELISA kit was used to measure VEGF. Radiosensitivity was detected in TLM 1 cells, and mitotic and apoptotic cell death was found to occur in a radiation dose dependent manner. VEGF was secreted constitutively and significant up-regulation was observed in the 8 and 10 Gy irradiated cells. In addition, a minor portion of TLM 1 cells expressed vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1 intracellularly. VEGFR-2 was detected in the cytoplasm and was down-regulated following radiation with increasing dosages. In TLM 1 cells, apoptosis plays an important role in radiation induced cell death. It has also been suggested that the significantly higher VEGF production in the 8 and 10 Gy group could lead to tumour resistance.

Estudo da ressonância eletromagnética do corpo humano: uma abordagem TLM / Study of electromagnetic resonance of the human body: a TLM approach

The application of Transmission Line Modeling (TLM) method to problems related with the electromagnetic resonance phenomena in human whole-body models is investigated...