RESUMO
El factor de atención emocional ha sido reportado con frecuencia negativamente asociado con indicadores de salud mental; al contrario de los resultados obtenidos con los factores de claridad y de reparación emocional. Los objetivos del estudio fueron examinar las relaciones entre atención, claridad y reparación emocional con los factores de respuestas rumiativas y determinar si la relación entre la atención emocional y rumiación varía de acuerdo con los niveles de atención, claridad y reparación emocional en estudiantes universitarios de Lima, Perú. Para ello, primero se realizó un estudio de la estructura factorial y la confiabilidad de la TMMS-24 y de la Escala de Respuestas Rumiativas, en 320 estudiantes de una universidad pública de Lima, Perú. Segundo, se llevó a cabo un estudio correlacional mediante la aplicación de ambos instrumentos a 529 estudiantes de la misma universidad. En la muestra total se obtuvo que ambos factores de rumiación correlacionaron positivamente con atención emocional, pero solo reproche correlacionó con claridad y con reparación, siendo tal correlación negativa. Para determinar si la relación positiva entre atención y rumiación varía con los niveles de atención, claridad y reparación, se compararon las correlaciones entre atención y rumiación correspondientes a los grupos de baja, media y alta atención, claridad y reparación. Estas comparaciones mostraron que la relación entre atención y los factores de rumiación variaban solo en función del nivel de reparación. Los resultados indican diferencias importantes en la manera en que se relaciona cada factor de rumiación con la atención emocional, por un lado, y con la claridad y la reparación emocional, por el otro.
The emotional attention factor has been often reported as negatively associated with mental health indicators, contrary to the results attained with the emotional clarity and repair factors. The objectives of this study were to examine relationships between emotional attention, clarity and repair and factors of ruminative responses and to determine whether the relation between emotional attention and rumination could vary according to the levels of emotional attention, clarity and repair in university students from Lima, Peru. For this, in first place, a study was carried out to determine the factor structure and the internal consistency of the TMMS-24 and the Ruminative Responses Scale in 320 undergraduates of a public university in Lima, Peru. After this psychometric study, it was carried out a correlation study in 529 undergraduates from the same university. In the whole sample, both rumination factors positively correlated with emotional attention, but only brooding correlated with clarity and repair, negatively. In order to determine whether the positive relation between attention and rumination varies with the levels of attention, clarity and repair, the attention-rumination correlations were compared between groups of low, medium and high attention, clarity and repair. These comparisons shown that the relationship between attention and rumination factors varied only as a function of the level of repair. These results indicate important differences in the way that each rumination factor is related with emotional attention, on the one hand, and with emotional clarity and repair, on the other.
RESUMO
Resumen Introducción: La Inteligencia Emocional Autopercibida (IEA) se conceptualiza como la actitud de las personas hacia su experiencia emocional y la conciencia de sus propias habilidades emocionales. Una de las herramientas más utilizadas para su evaluación es el Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS). Objetivo: Examinar las propiedades psicométricas del TMMS-24 con el fin de aportar evidencias que garanticen la calidad de la medida en su adaptación al contexto local para su aplicación a estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Mar del Plata, Argentina. Método: La muestra estuvo comprendida por 316 estudiantes (71,5 % mujeres y 28,5 % hombres) de la ciudad de Mar del Plata. Los participantes respondieron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 y el Listado de Adjetivos para Evaluar la Personalidad. Resultados: El análisis factorial exploratorio dio cuenta de un adecuado ajuste del modelo a los datos y una estructura de tres factores (Atención, Claridad y Reparación Emocional), describiendo el 54,5 % de la varianza. La consistencia interna fue adecuada, observándose coeficientes alfa de Cronbach (entre .82 y .85) y alfa ordinal (entre .84 y .88), muy buenos para las tres sub-escalas. Respecto a la relación con variables sociodemográficas, no se encontraron diferencias según sexo ni asociación con la edad. También, se estudió la relación entre IEA y la personalidad. Conclusiones: El TMMS-24 mostró propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para la medición de IEA en población universitaria marplatense, observándose evidencias de validez (aparente, de contenido, basada en la estructura interna y basada en la relación con otras variables) y de confiabilidad.
Abstract Introduction: Perceived Emotional Intelligence (PEI) is conceptualized as people's attitude toward their emotional experience and their awareness of their own emotional abilities. The Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS) is one of the most widely-used tools for its evaluation. Objective: To test the TMMS-24's psychometric properties to provide evidence that guarantees the measurement's quality when adapting to the local context, so it can be implemented for university students in the city of Mar del Plata, Argentina. Method: The sample included 316 students (71.5% women and 28.5% men) from the city of Mar del Plata. The participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the TMMS-24, and the adjective checklist to assess personality. Results: The exploratory factor analysis showed that the data adjusted well to the model and showed a three-factor structure (attention, clarity, and emotional healing), describing 54.5% of the variance. The internal consistency was suitable, showing Cronbach's alpha coefficients (between 0.82 and 0.85) and ordinal alpha (between 0.84 and 0.88) as very good for the three subscales. Regarding the sociodemographic variables relationship, no differences were found according to sex nor was an association with age found. In addition, the relationship between PEI and the personality was studied. Conclusions: The TMMS-24 showed suitable psychometric properties for PEI measurement among the university students of Mar del Plata. The evidence found was apparent, with content based on the internal structure and relationship with other variables. This evidence was considered valid and reliable.
RESUMO
Background: The study of emotional intelligence (EI), demographics, and family factors of adolescent high school students allows us to appraise adolescents' skills for their academic and vocational training. The objectives of the study focus on whether there is any relationship between context variables such as gender, age of parents, or work activity, and self-perception of emotional intelligence. Methodology: This study sampled 11.370 participants, aged between 12 and 17 years, in the 7th and 9th years of fundamental education, and the 3rd year of upper secondary education. Data from this study comes from students enrolled in the SESI schools of the City of Sao Paulo. To examine the data, we applied the TMMS-24 test to statistical analysis where gender relates to the three dimensions of perceived emotional intelligence (PEI): attention, clarity, and emotional repair. Results: The results obtained allow us to show how teenagers are perceived with respect to three dimensions: attention, clarity and emotional repair, and thereby extrapolating the need to continue the promotion of emotional education in schools. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the application of the Brazilian version of the TMMS-24 in training programs in PEI must consider a whole series of sociocultural aspects. These aspects should start with a series of initial measures that allow for the perceptions of participants to be observed, and to extend onward to influence the willingness of the beneficiaries to participate in this type of intervention. Provided the intervention is anchored in a solid theoretical base, and executed under a rigorous study, its efficacy can be verified. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Autoimagem , Inteligência Emocional , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudantes , Brasil , Fatores Sexuais , Ensino Fundamental e Médio , EscolaridadeRESUMO
El objetivo de la presente investigación es evaluar el efecto del diseño e implementación de un taller de arte y regulación emocional con jóvenes víctimas del conflicto armado colombiano dirigido a la prevención de problemas emocionales y psicológicos a partir de técnicas artísticas. Se seleccionaron dos grupos, uno experimental (GE) y otro de control (GC); a ambos se les aplicó la escala TMMS-24 (esta escala evalúa 3 dimensiones: Percepción, Comprensión y Regulación emocional) como medida de pre-test y post-test, con el fin de valorar las diferencias en cada uno de ellos. Se concluyó que las acciones de prevención lograron en los participantes una sensibilización inicial en la percepción de sus emociones.
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of the design and implementation of an art and emotional regulation workshop with young victims of the Colombian armed conflict aimed at the prevention of emotional and psychological problems through artistic techniques. Two groups, experimental (GE) and control (GC) were selected to the both, was applied the TMMS-24 scale (which assesses 3 dimensions Perception, Comprehension and Emotional Regulation) as pre-test and post-test measures, to assess differences. Finally, the conclusion was that the prevention actions carried out in the participants an initial sensitization in the perception of their emotions.