Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Malay-Language Transtheoretical Model of Physical Activity among Malaysian Primary School Children

@#Introduction: The transtheoretical model (TTM) is an integrative model of intentional change consisting of stages of change, processes of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy. This study aimed at validating the TTM questionnaires on physical activity for Malaysian children using confirmatory factor analysis. Methods: The participants were 381 Malay students (188 male; 193 female), aged 10–12 years old, with a mean age of 10.94 (SD = 0.81). The original version of the TTM was translated into the Malay language using forward and backward translation. Certain phrases were adapted based on the local culture and vocabulary suitable for primary school students. Results: The final measurement models and their fit indices were: processes of change (CFI = 0.939, TLI = 0.925, SRMR = 0.040, RMSEA = 0.030); decisional balance (CFI = 0.897, TLI = 0.864, SRMR = 0.045, RMSEA = 0.038); and self-efficacy (CFI = 0.934, TLI = 0.915, SRMR = 0.042, RMSEA = 0.032). Conclusion: Care must be taken when using the TTM with children, as it has been prevalently validated with adults. The final version of the TTM questionnaire for Malay primary school children had 24 items for process of changes, 13 items for self-efficacy and 10 items for decisional balance.

Effect of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim on expression of miRNA-155-3p in rats with brain aging induced by D-gal / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim (TTM) on the expression of miR-NA-155-3p in rats with brain aging induced by D-gal. Methods Fifty SD rats were divided into five groups randomly. The rats were administered with 0. 9% normal saline (NS) subeutaneously every day in control group, 200 mg • kg • d-1 of D-galactose (D-gal) daily inD-galmodelgroup,and50,100and200mg • kg • d-1 of TTM by gavage 2 hours before D-gal injection everyday in TTM treatment groups for 6 weeks. After 5 weeks, Morris water maze was used to test the ability of spatial learning and memory every day. At the 6th week, rats were sacrificed arid hippocampi were tested by Nissl staining and 8-OHdG immunohistochemical (8-OHdC) staining. The expression of miR-155-3p was determined by Real-time PCR, and the levels of Rheb. mTOR, p-inTOR and p70S6K were detected by Western blot. Results The length of escape latency time and path distance in five groups showed a trend of shortening gradually in the orientation navigation experiments. The average escape latency and the distance in D-gal group were longer than those in control group and TTM group (P <0. 01 and 0. 05) , and the number of crossing platform limes less too (P < 0. 05). The arrangement of neurons was irregular and the intercellular space widened in D-gal group compared with those in TTM group by HE staining. There were more Nissl particles in neurons of the hippocampal CA1 area in con-trol group than that in D-gal group, and TTM treatment could increase the number of Nissl bodies-induced by D-gal. Compared with control group, the fluorescence density of 8-OHdG in D-gal group significantly in-creased (P <0. 01) , while that in TTM group was lower than that in D-gal group (P < 0. 05). The expression of miR-155-3p in the hippocampi in D-gal group was significantly higher than that in normal group (P < 0. 05) , while TTM treatment could alleviate D-gal-in-duced increase of miR-155-3p (P < 0. 05) , followed by an increase of the levels of Rheb and p70S6K, and decrease of mTOR. Conclusions The expression of miR-155-3p increased in the hippocampi of aging rats induced by D-gal. TTM could execute the anti-aging process of brain and down-regulate the level of iniR-155-3p through Rheb/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway.

An intervention based on the stages of change, health profiles and physical activity levels of overweight and obese adults in Sarawak, Malaysia – a feasibility study

@#Introduction: Physical inactivity is the one of the leading causes of major non-communicable diseases in the world. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of an intervention program based on the stages of change, physical activity levels and health profiles of selected overweight and obese adults in Sarawak. Methods: This intervention study was carried out using selected overweight and obese adults in Sarawak. A total of 75 participants were placed in the intervention group, and 80 respondents were placed in the control group participated. Respondent-determined weekly aerobic exercise sessions were conducted for six months. The Malay version of the long-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Transtheoretical model of change (TTM) questionnaire were used, together with anthropometric measurements and the collection of venous fasting blood profiles. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results: The intervention group had significant better stage transitions compared to the control group (p<0.01). They also had significantly lower total cholesterol, although both groups showed significant results (difference= 0.53, p<0.01; difference= 0.38, p=0.01). The respondent-determined intervention program was effective in improving stage transition; however, an intervention of longer duration could provide more conclusive health outcomes. Conclusion: Physical activity plays a role in assisting overweight and obese adults to be more active and healthier.

Ruidos articulares en pacientes rehabilitados con prótesis parcial removible / Articular noise in patients rehabilitated with removable partial dentures

Resumen: Los ruidos articulares constituyen junto a las restricciones mandibulares, los signos clásicos de los trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) que pueden ir acompañados por sintomatología dolorosa. Su etiología multifactorial reconoce estrés emocional, traumatismo, dolor profundo, actividad parafuncional y problemas oclusales. El objetivo de este estudio descriptivo transversal fue determinar la frecuencia y tipos de ruidos articulares y su relación con las clases de Kennedy y la presencia o ausencia de sintomatología dolorosa. Se realizó exploración táctil y auscultación de la articulación temporomandibular (ATM) a 50 pacientes concurrentes a la Cátedra Clínica de Prótesis I curso. La incidencia de ruidos articulares fue del 48%: clics simples 48.15%, clics recíprocos 25.9%, pop 18.5%, y crepitaciones 7.4%. La anamnesis mostró presencia de dolor en un 14%. La coincidencia de ambos signos (dolor y ruido) coincidió en un 25%. Se presentó la alta incidencia de clics simples relacionada con la clase II de Kennedy.

Abstract: Mandibular noises, along with mandibular restrictions, constitute classical signs of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD) which can be accompanied with painful symptomatology. Its multifactorial etiology encompasses emotional stress, trauma, deep pain, parafunctional activity and occlusal problems. The aim of the present transversal and descriptive study was to determine frequency and types of articular noises and their relationship with Kennedy's classes, as well as presence or absence of painful symptomatology. A total of 50 patients attending the course of prosthesis clinical chair 1 were examined, they were subjected to tactile exploration and temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) auscultation. Frequency of articular noises was 48%, simple clicks 48.15%, reciprocal clicks 25.9%, pops 18.5% and crepitations 7.4%. Clinical history revealed presence of pain in 14% of cases. Coincidence of both signs (pain and noise) occurred in 25%. High incidence of simple clicks related to Kennedy's class II was observed.

Trillium Tschonoskii Maxim improves cognitive dysfunction in AD rats by inhibiting GSK-3βactivity, attenuating tau pathologies and promoting synaptic development / 中国药理学通报

Aim To assess the effects of Trillium Tschonoskii Maxim ( TTM ) decoction on Tau protein phosphorylation and synaptic development in AD model rats induced by high activity GSK-3β. Methods The SD rats were divided into five groups of ten animals, named sham-operated group ( blank group) , AD model group, TTM group (0. 5, 0. 25, 0. 125 g·kg-1 · d-1 ) . Treatment group received gavage once a day for seven days with TTM decoction, while other groups by gavage once a day for seven days with drinking water. On 2nd day by gavage, Morris water maze test was used to assess the spatial learning and memory ability of the rats. After five days' training, rats in the treat-ment groups and AD model group were injected wort-mannin ( WT, PI3K specific inhibitor ) and GF-109203X (GFX, PKC specific inhibitor) (100 μmol ·L-1 of each, total volume of 10 μL) into the right lateral ventricle. Western blot was used to detect the levels of phosphorylation Tau protein at multiple sites and the expression level of PI3K, Akt, PKC, GSK-3β(S9, T216) and synapse-associated proteins. Immu-nohistochemical method was used to detect the hyper-phosphorylation of Tau protein in hippocampus of rats. Golgi staining was applied to detect the number and morphological changes of synaptic development and dendritic spines. Nissl' s staining was employed to ob-serve the development of neonatal neurons in hippo-campus and cortex. Results Western blot showed that the phosphorylation level of Tau in hippocampus increased in model group, and the activity of GSK-3βwas up-regulated. Among them, however, in middle dose TTM group, the phosphorylation level of Tau in hippocampus decreased and the activity of GSK-3βde-creased. The expression levels of p-PKC and p-Akt in low and middle dose treatment group were higher than those in model group, thus increasing the activity of PKC and Akt to inhibit the activity of GSK-3β kinase. Immunohistochemistry also indicated that TTM could decrease the biological effects of Tau phosphorylation in hippocampus of AD rats. Western blot showed that TTM could increase the expression levels of synapsin-1 , syn-aptophysin and GluR-1 in hippocampus of AD rats. Nissl staining showed that the number of Nissl bodies in hippocampal neurons of AD model group were signif-icantly fewer than those of sham operation group, which could be increased by TTM middle and high dose group, and the complexity and dendritic spine density of hippocampal neurons in AD rats could be en-hanced as well. Conclusion TTM can effectively im-prove the cognitive function of AD rats induced by the increase of GSK-3β activity, and its possible mecha-nism may be via down-regulating the activity of GSK-3β and inhibiting the phosphorylation of tau protein and promoting the development of neurons.

Disfunciones temporomandibulares y su relación con trastornos de ansiedad en niños: un caso clínico / Temporomandibular joint dysfunctions and their relationship with anxiety disorders in children: report of a clinical case

La presencia de desórdenes temporomandibulares (TTM) en el niño es un tema controversial. Algunos autores sostienen su ausencia en la población infantil; sin embargo, otros han observado signos y síntomas de TTM en poblaciones pediátricas. Nosotros creemos que tales desórdenes pasan inadvertidos con frecuencia por la falta de un examen clínico completo y minucioso que incluya el estudio de la ATM como parte del sistema estomatognático y como revisión rutinaria en la clínica odontopediátrica. Ante las reiteradas consultas que recibimos en la asignatura Odontología Niños de la FOLP, surgió la inquietud de profundizar en el tema y decidimos realizar un trabajo de investigación denominado : "Disfunciones temporomandibulares y su relación con trastornos de ansiedad en una población infantil". El objetivo general de este trabajo fue determinar los signos y síntomas de los TTM y su relación con los distintos niveles de trastornos emocionales en una población infantil, con el propósito de brindar información a odontólogos y odontopediatras acerca de la importancia de realizar un correcto examen clínico de la ATM que nos alerte sobre la posibilidad de aparición de TTM en niños, sin dejar de estar atentos a los miedos o los diferentes grados de ansiedad que los niños pueden desarrollar y que contribuyen en buen grado a agravar o desencadenar el cuadro.

Factores asociados a los trastornos temporomandibulares en adultos de Cuenca, Ecuador / Factors associated with temporomandibular disorders in adults. Cuenca, Ecuador

Objetivos: Determinar el factor asociado más relevante para los trastornos temporomandibulares en pacientes que acuden a las Clínicas de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca en el periodo 2015. Materiales y métodos: Diseño descriptivo de corte transversal, con un muestreo de 316 pacientes, 239 mujeres y 77 hombres distribuidos en dos rangos 20 a 40 años y de 41 años en adelante. Los síntomas subjetivos y signos clínicos de los TTM se evaluaron utilizando un cuestionario de criterios de diagnóstico de trastornos temporomandibulares (DC/TTM) y el cuestionario de auto informe la escala de depresión ansiedad y estrés (DASS 21) para detectar el estrés emocional, posteriormente los datos fueron introducidos al sistema estadístico SPSS vs 21 para ser analizados por el cálculo de razón de prevalencia y la regresión múltiple logística. Resultados: La prevalencia de los trastornos temporomandibulares fue del 65,8%, en el análisis de regresión con la variable estrés emocional presentó un Oddsratio de 17.96 (IC 95% 8,59 - 37,56), en cuanto al grupo de edad OR=1,72 (IC 95%: 1,057 - 2,798) y para el sexo masculino un OR = 0,994 (IC 95% 0,872 - 1,134). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de los trastornos temporomandibulares en la muestra recolectada fue representativa y su relación con el factor estrés emocional tiene relevancia significativa. El factor sexo y edad no tienen correlación significativa con los TTM.

Objectives: To determine the most relevant for temporomandibular disorders in patients attending clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Cuenca in the 2015 period associated factor. Materials and methods: a descriptive study, with a sample of 316 patients, 239 women and 77 men divided into two ranges 20 to 40 years and 41 years and older. Subjective symptoms and clinical signs of TMD were evaluated using a questionnaire diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC / TMD) and self-report questionnaire Depression Scale anxiety and stress (DASS 21) to detect emotional stress. Results: The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders was 65.8%, with female predominance in 75.6% aged from 20 to 40 years; and 59.2% of 40 years and older; factors related to the presence of TMD were age = 40 years OR = 1.72 (95% CI: 1057-2798) emotional stress OR = 17.96 (95% CI 8.59 - 37.56) and the male OR = 0.994 (95% CI 872-1134) Conclusions: The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in the collected sample was representative and its relationship with stress and age have significant relevance factor below 0.005. The male factor is in line with significant correlation for TTM.

Study on intervention of trans-theoretical model on risk factors in patients with pre-diabetes / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the intervention of trans-theoretical model on the risk factors in the patients with prediabetes.Methods One hundred and twenty-two patients with pre-diabetes in a tertiary hospital of Zhengzhou City were selected and randomly assigned to control group and intervention group.The control group received the routine diabetic health education,while in addition to the routine health education,the intervention group was assisted by TTM interventional measures.The blood glucose,body mass index(BMI) and negative emotion were compared between the two groups.Results The blood glucose and BMI after intervention in the two groups were decreased,moreover the decrease level of fasting blood glucose and BMI in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=4.963、2.061,P＜0.05).The anxiety and depression emotion scores after intervention in the intervention group were [(3.47 ±1.07) and (0.30 ± 0.46)],before intervention were (7.74 ± 4.00) and(7.25 ± 4.50),The difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05),Moreover the anxiety and depression emotion scores after intervention in the intervention group were lower tghan those in the control group with statistical difference(t=3.300、2.054,P＜0.05).Conclusion The intervention measures based on TTM has significant advantage for controlling the risk factors of pre-diabetes and preventing diabetes than the conventional health education.

Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders in a mexican elderly group / Prevalencia de trastornos temporomandibulares en un grupo de adultos mayores mexicanos

Abstract: Aim: to determine frequency and distribution of temporomandibulardisorders (TMD) by age and sex in a group of elderly adults in Mexico City. Material and methods: One hundred and fifty-four older adults in Mexico City were examined in a cross-sectional study. Subjects who had big edentulous gaps (absence of two or more teeth) or those who were fully edentulous, as well as those who refused to participate, were excluded from the study. For the epidemiological survey, diagnostic criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), after standardization by a dentist (kappa=0.892), were considered. Results. A 33.1 percent had some type of TMD, being more common in people between 60 and 69 years old, variable with which it was related (Likelihood Ratio=21.553, p=0.006, X2 MH=08.389, p=0.021). A 14.3 percent reported some type of facial trauma history, behavior that also was statistically significant (X2 MH=13.566, p= 0.0001). Disorders that occurred most frequently were: disc displacement with reduction (62.8 percent) and disc displacement without reduction (9.8 percent). Conclusions. TMD occurred in one of every three subjects examined, showing a relationship with age and trauma history.

Resumen: Objetivo. determinar la frecuencia y distribución de los trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) por edad y sexo en un grupo de adultos mayores de la Ciudad de México. Material y métodos. Estudio de corte transversal. Se examinaron 154 adultos mayores de la Ciudad de México. Fueron excluidos del estudio a todos aquellos que presentaron brechas edéntulas amplias (ausencia de dos ó más dientes) o edentulismo total, así como aquellos que no aceptaron participar en el estudio. Para la encuesta epidemiológica se tomaron en cuenta los Criterios Diagnósticos de los Trastornos Temporomandibulares (CD/TTM), previa estandarización de una Cirujana Dentista (kappa=0.892). Resultados. El 33.1 por ciento presentó algún tipo de TTM, siendo más frecuente en personas entre 60 y 69 años variable con la cual estuvo relacionada (Razón de verosimilitud=21,553, p=0,006, X2 MH=08,389, p=0,021). El 14,3 por ciento refirió algún tipo de antecedente traumático facial, comportamiento que también resultó ser estadísticamente significativo (X2 MH=13,566, p=0,0001). Los trastornos que se presentaron con mayor frecuencia fueron: el desplazamiento del disco con reducción (62,8 por ciento) y el desplazamiento del disco sin reducción (9,8 por ciento). Conclusiones. Los TTM se presentaron en uno de cada tres adultos mayores examinados, existiendo una relación con la edad y los antecedentes traumáticos.

Prevalencia de Trastornos Temporomandibulares según los CDI/TTM, en un Grupo de Adultos Mayores de Santiago, Chile / Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders According to RDC/TMD in Older People of Santiago, Chile

En la población chilena, los adultos mayores representan un 13% de la población total del país (2,2 millones), proyectándose para el 2020 un aumento del grupo de 60 años o más en un 45%. Todos los seres humanos sufren un proceso de envejecimiento y, los tejidos orales y periorales no escapan de este proceso. Las repercusiones sobre el sistema estomatognático, podrían manifestarse a través de sintomatología en alguno de sus componentes, compatible con un trastorno temporomandibular (TTM). El objetivo de este trabajo, fue determinar la prevalencia de TTM según los Criterios de Investigación Diagnóstica ó CDI/TTM (Eje I), en adultos mayores examinados en la Clínica Odontológica de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile (FOUCh), durante el año 2012 y establecer la relación entre ambos sexos. Este estudio determinó, que existe una alta prevalencia de TTM en la muestra de adultos mayores chilenos estudiados (47%), principalmente diagnósticos de tipo articular y sin una relación significativa entre ambos sexos.

In Chilean population, elders represent a 13% of the overall population (2.2 million), projected for 2020 an increase of 45%, from the group of 60 and over. All humans undergo a process of aging. Oral and perioral tissues do not escape from this process, whose impact on the condyle and articular disc could be observed, in the presence of symptoms consistent with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of TMD according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria or RDC/TMD (Axis I), in older adults examined at the Dental Clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile during 2012, and establish the relationship between the sexes. In conclusion, this study found that there is a high prevalence of TMD in Chilean elderly sample studied (47%), mainly articular diagnoses without a statistically significant relationship between the sexes.

Evaluación de la oclusión en pacientes con trastornos temporomandibulares y desarmonías oclusales / Occlusion assessment in patients with temporomandibular disorders and occlusal disharmony

Se realizó un estudio para identificar relación que existe entre los trastornos temporomandibulares y las desarmonías oclusales. Se estudiaron 40 pacientes de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 45 años, que solicitaron atención en el Servicio de Trastornos Temporomandibulares, del Departamento de Prótesis de la Facultad de Estomatología, que cumplieron los requisitos expresados para este estudio y refirieron signos y síntomas de trastornos temporomandibulares. Se analizó el comportamiento de las interferencias oclusales a los movimientos mandibulares. Se analizaron las interferencias oclusales a dichos movimientos en los modelos de estudios, montados en un articulador semiajustable. Los resultados obtenidos reflejaron un predominio en las interferencias oclusales, en los pacientes analizados con trastornos temporomandibulares. El mayor porcentaje de interferencias se encontró durante el movimiento propulsivo. Las interferencias fueron más frecuentes en el lado de no trabajo para los movimientos analizados y el grupo de molares resultó ser el más afectado, tanto para los movimientos de propulsión como de lateralidad(AU)

A study was conducted to identify the direct relation among the temporomandibular disorders and occlusal disharmonies, which always has been an attention matter by all Stomatology fields. Forty patients of both sexes were studied aged between 18 and 45 seeking care in the temporomandibular disorders service of Prosthesis Department from the Stomatology Faculty who fulfilled the expressed requirements for this type of study and presenting with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, thus we analyzed the occlusal interferences behavior to mandibular movements in study models, mounted in a semiadjustable articulator. Results obtained demonstrated predominance in occlusal interferences in study patients with temporomandibular disorders; the greater percentage of interferences was found during the propulsion movement which were more frequent in the non functional side for analyzed movements and molars were the more affected ones for propulsion movement and for laterality(AU)

Avaliação do metabolismo oxidativo de ovinos intoxicados por cobre e tratados com tetratiomolibdato associado ou não a vitaminas antioxidantes / Oxidative metabolism in copper poisoning sheep treated with tetrathiomolybdate and/or antioxidative vitamins

Para avaliar o efeito da utilização parenteral das vitaminas C e/ou E associadas ao quelante de cobre, tetratiomolibdato de amônio (TTM), no tratamento de ovinos com intoxicação cumulativa por cobre (ICC), foram analisados o metabolismo oxidativo, através das concentrações sanguíneas de glutationa reduzida (GSH), séricas de malondialdeído (MDA) e ácido úrico, e a habilidade de redução férrica plasmática (HRFP) desses animais. Foram utilizados 24 ovinos machos, da raça Santa Inês, com peso médio de 25 kg e distribuídos em quatro tratamentos: TTM, TTM e vitamina C (TTM+VC), TTM e vitamina E (TTM+VE) e TTM e vitaminas C e E (TTM+VCE). O quadro de intoxicação cúprica provocou intensa formação de radicais livres, com redução da concentração de GSH e aumento do MDA, apesar do aumento na capacidade antioxidante plasmática, decorrente do aumento da concentração de ácido úrico e da HRFP. Não foi observado benefício algum da utilização das vitaminas antioxidantes, isoladamente ou associadas, com o tratamento clássico baseado na administração de TTM, na redução do estresse oxidativo.

The effects of vitamins C and/or E associated to amonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) in the treatment of cumulative copper intoxication (ICC) in sheep were analyzed throughout oxidative metabolism. Reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), uric acid and the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) concentrations were evaluated. Twenty four male sheep, Santa Ines breed, with 25 kg BW was distributed in four treatments: TTM, TTM and vitamin C (TTM+VC), TTM with vitamin E (TTM+VE) and TTM with vitamins C and E (TTM+VCE). The intoxication status caused an intensive formation of free radicals with reduction of the GSH concentration and increase of MDA. Despite the increase in the capacity of plasmatic antioxidant observed with the increase of uric acid and FRAP concentrations, it was not observed any benefit with treatments using oxidant vitamins, isolatedly or together with classic treatment only with TTM.

Efetividade de uma intervenção de atividade física em adultos atendidos pela estratégia saúde da família: Programa ação e saúde Floripa, Brasil / Effectiviness of physical

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver, implementar e avaliar uma intervenção de aconselhamento sobre atividade física para promoção da saúde em adultos, atendidos pela Estratégia Saúde da Família, na cidade de Florianópolis (Brasil). O estudo foi aplicado em três fases: (1) a descritiva exploratória - identificou o perfil da amostra quanto a informações pessoais, indicadores de saúde e co-morbidades, informações sobre a Estratégia Saúde da Família, barreiras para a prática de atividade física, estágios de mudança do comportamento para atividade física e exercício e classificação socioeconômica; (2) intervenção com recomendação e orientação sobre atividade física, por meio de seis encontros domiciliares e quatro encontros na unidade local de saúde, durante um período de 120 dias; e (3) avaliação - identificando os resultados da intervenção, por meio do índice de atividade física habitual (no trabalho, no lazer e no exercício) e pelos estágios de mudança do comportamento para atividade física e exercício. Os participantes da fase de intervenção foram 51 adultos no grupo experimental e 52 adultos no grupo controle. Apos fase de intervenção o grupo experimental apresentou mudanças estatisticamente significativas (p<0,05) para: a melhora da percepção de saúde positiva, no estagio de mudança do comportamento para atividade física e exercício e para o aumento do índice de atividade física habitual no exercício. Para a avaliação processual e informacional do protocolo, observou-se aprovação superior a 80% na maioria dos itens. Por fim, as estratégias, os procedimentos e as concepções apresentadas pelo Modelo Transteorético e pela teoria educacional de Paulo Freire podem ser consideradas boas metodologias para intervenções de atividade física para promoção da saúde de adultos atendidos pela Estratégia Saúde da Família.

The objective of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate the physical activity orientation program to promote health in healthy adults, through the Family Health Strategy (FHS) - National Health System (SUS), in Florianopolis city (Brazil). The study was carried out in three phases: (1) the exploratory descriptive one identified the profile of the participants by their personal information, health indicators, morbid conditions, FHS information, barriers to practice physical activity, stages of behavioral change in physical activity and exercise, and socioeconomic status; (2) the intervention had physical activity recommendations and guidelines during six home meetings, and four meentings with a physical education teacher in a Health Basic Unit, during a period of 120 days and; (3) the evaluation measured by the index of habitual physical activity (at work, at leisure time, and exercise) and by stages of behavioral change in physical activity and exercise. There were 51 adults on the experimental group, and 52 adults on the control group participating in the intervention phase. After the intervention phase the experimental group showed significant increase on: positive health perception; exercise habitual physical activity level, and stages of behavioral change in physical activity and exercise. On the procedural evaluation it was possible to notice a massive approval (80%) by the adults. Thereby, the strategies, procedures and conceptions presented by Paulo Freireïs Educational Theory and Transtheoretical Models would be considered good methodologies for physical activity interventions to promote health in adults covered by Family Health Strategy - National Health System (SUS).

Efectividad de las Férulas Blandas en Pacientes con Trastornos Temporo-mandibulares

Las Férulas oclusales han sido consideradas como instrumento terapéutico en la conducción de casos en pacientes con desórdenes Temporo-mandibulares. Este estudio se realizó partiendo de una muestra de 10 pacientes que asistieron al Servicio de Alteraciones Cráneo-Mandibulares de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, los cuales presentaban signos y síntomas de dolor miofacial. Luego de finalizar el tratamiento se consideró el registro de 2 controles post-operatorios con la finalidad de evaluar la efectividad de las Férulas Blandas en cuanto a relajación muscular y disminución del dolor como en las Férulas Duras.

The occlusal splints had been considered as therapeutic instrument in the manegement of TMD patients. The study was based in a sample of a 10 patients, who come to Cranio-Mandibular Alteration Service of the U.C.V. They presented signs and symptoms of myofacial pain. After the treatment is finished, we considered to record two post-operative controls to evaluate the efectivity of soft splints in muscle relaxation and decrease of pain as in the hard splints.

As réguas dos oclusales foram consideradas como o instrumento therapeuticna condução dos casos nos pacientes com Temporo-mandibulares disorders. Este estudo foi feito começar fora de uma amostra de 10 pacientes que atenderam ao serviço de alterações de Craneo-Mandibulares do Universidad de Central de Venezuela, que presented assina e sintomas da dor miofacial. Após ter finalizado o tratamento o registro de 2 postoperativeos controles com a finalidade foram considerados da avaliação eficácia das réguas macias até o relaxation muscular e diminution da dor como nas réguas duras.