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The early diagnosis and effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still remains a difficult problem that plagues the medical community. Exosomes are microvesicles with a diameter of 40~100 nm, and contains proteins, lipids and nucleic acids (mRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, and microRNAs). They serve as an information exchange carrier, and play an important role in regulating and controlling the biomolecular function to maintain the stability of the intracellular environment. The function of exosomes in HCC includes intercellular communication, neoangiogenesis, cancer cell metastasis and multidrug resistance, which mediates the transformation of microRNAs (miRNA) and regulate the microenvironment of tumor progression, and then affect the pathophysiological behavior of cancer cells. Exosome-derived miRNA can be used for HCC monitoring or potential specific markers of early diagnosis. In addition, with the development and application prospects it could be a therapeutic goal for HCC. This paper summarizes the recent progress in the study of HCC-derived exosomal miRNA.
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules whose role in breast cancer has been gradually discovered and clinically recognized and valued. MiRNAs play a role in the regulation of related target genes and signaling pathways in breast cancer, and participate in the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells, and have new biomarker potential in clinical diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer. It provides new ways and methods for the clinical treatment of breast cancer, and has important value and application prospects in reducing drug resistance and enhancing drug sensitivity. This article reviews the research progress of miRNAs in the molecular mechanism, clinical diagnosis, prognosis and clinical target treatment of breast cancer, and puts some suggestions and forward for future research directions.
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules whose role in breast cancer has been gradually discovered and clinically recognized and valued. MiRNAs play a role in the regulation of related target genes and signaling pathways in breast cancer, and participate in the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells, and have new biomarker potential in clinical diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer. It provides new ways and methods for the clinical treatment of breast cancer, and has important value and application prospects in reducing drug resistance and enhancing drug sensitivity. This article reviews the research progress of miRNAs in the molecular mechanism, clinical diagnosis, prognosis and clinical target treatment of breast cancer, and puts some suggestions and forward for future research directions.
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Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and current condition of treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).Methods 10-year inpatients cases were reviewed and followed up.Cases were divided into 2 groups:group A:patients with baseline pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) lower than 70 mmHg； group B:patients with baseline PASP higher than 70 mm Hg.Pearson's correlation analysis,Chi-square test,Logistic regression,Cox-Mantel and Wilcoxon test were used for statistical analysis.Results There were totally 155 cases with 184 records of admission which accounted for 4.16％ among total lupus cases.The main clinical characteristics included Raynaud's phenomenon (47.3％),pericardial effusion (41.9％) and high titer of anti-RNP antibody (55.4％).There were 132 cases enrolled for prognostic statistical analysis.There were 47 cases of death (35.6％) in total,among which 9 cases (19.1％) were in group A and 38 cases (80.9％) were in group B.In group A,there was a positive correlation between PASP and lupus disease activity index score.Single therapy analysis by Chi-square test showed that cyclophosphamide (CTX) (P＜0.05) and PAH targeted drugs (P＜0.01) were significantly associated with favorable outcome but logistic regressive analysis only confirmed the efficacy of target drugs (P＜0.01).PAH target drugs significantly improved the one year survival rate of the severe cases.Conclusion The main clinical characteristics of SLE associated PAH include Raynand's phenomenon,pericardial effusion and positive anti-RNP antibody.The severity of PAH may not be related to lupus disease activity.PAH targeted drugs are effective in SLE-PAH.CTX may be effective in some cases.For severe cases,the combination therapy of CTX and PAH targeted drugs could significantly improve the prognosis.
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Objective To explore exenatide in the treatment of metformin(MET)alone,sulfonylurea (SU)alone or MET + SU combination therapy with poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetic pa-tients and to find effective nursing measures.Methods 24 patients were randomly divided into the con-trol group and the exenatide group with 12 patients in each group.In the exenatide group,exenatide 5μg twice a day for 4weeks,then 10μg twice a day for 12 weeks.Changes of HbAlc,body weight,BMI,FBG,P2hBG,and rate of adverse reaction were compared between two groups.Results Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc),body weight,BMI,FBG,P2hBG in the control group before and after treatment showed no significant difference,while the exenatide group showed better results compared with those before treatment and the control group.Nursing intervention played evident effect on reducing adverse effect such as nausea,vomiting,diarrhea,low blood sugar,headache.Conclusions For patients with type 2 diabetes,using MET,SU alone or MET + SU combination therapy showed poor results of blood sugar control,addition of exenatide therapy can effectively control blood sugar,nursing intervention can significantly alleviate the adverse effects of patients.
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One of the sub-types of acute myeloid leukemia(AML) characterized by the translocation of chromosome 8 to chromosome 21 and the expression of AML1-ET0 leukemia genesis fusion gene was proven to have better prognosis. Although remission rate has been improved by the combined chemotherapy primarily containing high dose cytarabine,it seems that target treatment with AML1-ET0 fusion gene/protein should finally cure this disease. In this article,we reviewed the relative studies and clinic target-treatment on AML1-ETO.