A Clinical and Anatomical Study on the Localization of the Temporal Branch of the Facial Nerve Crossing the Zygomatic Arch / Estudio Clínico y Anatómico sobre la Localización del Ramo Temporal del Nervio Facial que Cruza el Arco Cigomático

SUMMARY: To clarify the path of the temporal branch of facial nerve (TB) crossing the zygomatic arch (ZA). Eighteen fresh adult heads specimens were carefully dissected in the zygomatic region, with the location of TB as well as its number documented. The hierarchical relationship between the temporal branch and the soft tissue in this region was observed on 64 P45 plastinated slices. 1. TB crosses the ZA as type I (21.8 %), type II (50.0 %,), and type III (28.1 %) twigs. 2. At the level of the superior edge of the ZA, the average distance between the anterior trunk of TB and the anterior part of the auricle is 36.36±6.56 mm, for the posterior trunk is 25.59±5.29 mm. At the level of the inferior edge of the ZA, the average distance between the anterior trunk of TB and the anterior part of the auricle is 25.77±6.19 mm, for the posterior trunk is 19.16±4.71 mm. 3. The average length of ZA is 62.06±5.36 mm. TB crosses the inferior edge of the ZA at an average of 14.67±6.45 mm. TB crosses the superior edge of the ZA at an average of 9.08±4.54 mm. 4. At the level of the ZA, TB passes on the surface of the pericranium while below the SMAS. The TB obliquely crosses the middle 1/3 part of the superior margin of the ZA and the junction of the middle 1/3 part and the posterior 1/3 part of the inferior margin of the ZA below the SMAS while beyond the periosteum. It is suggested that this area should be avoided in clinical operation to avoid the injury of TB.

El objetivo de estudio fue esclarecer el trayecto del ramo temporal del nervio facial (RT) que cruza el arco cigomático (AC). Se disecaron la región cigomática de 18 especímenes de cabezas sin fijar de individuos adultas y se documentó la ubicación del RT y su número de ramos. La relación jerárquica entre el ramo temporal y el tejido blando en esta región se observó en 64 cortes plastinados o P45. 1º El RT cruza el AC como tipo I (21,8 %), tipo II (50,0 %) y tipo III (28,1 %). 2º A nivel del margen superior del AC, la distancia promedio entre el tronco anterior de RT y la parte anterior de la aurícula fue de 36,36±6,56 mm, para el tronco posterior fue de 25,59±5,29 mm. A nivel del margen inferior del AC, la distancia promedio entre el tronco anterior del RT y la parte anterior de la aurícula era de 25,77±6,19 mm, para el tronco posterior era de 19,16±4,71 mm. 3º La longitud media de RT fue de 62,06±5,36 mm. EL RT cruzaba el margen inferior del AC a una distancia media de 14,67±6,45 mm. El RT cruzaba el margen superior del AC a una distancia media de 9,08±4,54 mm. 4º Anivel del AC, el RT pasaba por la superficie del pericráneo mientras se encuentra por debajo del SMAS. El RT cruza oblicuamente el tercio medio del margen superior del AC y la unión del tercio medio y el tercio posterior del margen inferior del AC por debajo del SMAS, más allá del periostio. Se sugiere que esta área debe evitarse en la operación clínica para evitar la lesión de la RT.

The Regional Anatomy of the Corrugator Supercilii Muscle and Facial Nerve

Glabellar frown lines develop as a result of contraction of the corrugator supercilii muscles. These lines make look angry or aging. The neurotomy of facial nerve supplying corrugator supercilii muscle will prevent complications of the surgical technique and the reversibility of the nonsurgical technique. The regional anatomy of corrugator supercilii muscle is necessary for developing new technique. However, there is little information regarding the motor innervation of this muscle. The purpose of this study is to identify the regional anatomy of corrugator supercilii muscle and facial nerve and help to develop new technique of the neurotomy. We have dissected 6 Korean adult cadavers(12 sides). The motor innervation of this muscle was the temporal branch of facial nerve. The entry point of facial nerve into this muscle was found to be the inferolateral part. It was directly beneath the hair of lateral side of mid one-third of the eyebrow. The average distance between median plane and the entry point was 35.8mm. The measurement was not significantly different between right and left side. This study will be helpful for developing new technique of the neurotomy of motor nerve that supplies to corrugator supercilii muscle.

A Clinical Ana|ysis of Retinal Vein Occlusion

We did clinical analysis of 30 patients with unilateral retinal vein occlusion who were diagnosed by direct ophthalmoscope and Fluorescein angiography from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1990. The results were as follows: 1. Retinal vein occlusion typically affected persons in 6th decades, averaging 55 years of age, and patients number over 6th decades were 17(579%). 2. The visual acuities of initial visit were below 0.1 in 57 96 of CRVO(Central Retinal Vein Occlusion) and 26% of BRVO(Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion). 3. The most common associated disease was hypertension. 4. The patients number of CRVO were 7 and BRVO were 23, and the incidence of BRVO was 3.2 times higher than CRVO. 5. 19 cases(82.6%) of BRVO affected the superior temporal branch.

A Clinical Ana|ysis of Retinal Vein Occlusion

We did clinical analysis of 30 patients with unilateral retinal vein occlusion who were diagnosed by direct ophthalmoscope and Fluorescein angiography from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1990. The results were as follows: 1. Retinal vein occlusion typically affected persons in 6th decades, averaging 55 years of age, and patients number over 6th decades were 17(579%). 2. The visual acuities of initial visit were below 0.1 in 57 96 of CRVO(Central Retinal Vein Occlusion) and 26% of BRVO(Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion). 3. The most common associated disease was hypertension. 4. The patients number of CRVO were 7 and BRVO were 23, and the incidence of BRVO was 3.2 times higher than CRVO. 5. 19 cases(82.6%) of BRVO affected the superior temporal branch.