TENSE MARKERS IN 6-8 YEARS OLD TYPICAL CHILDREN SPEAKING HINDI

Language acquisition entails the acquisition of several crucial linguistic components like phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. Individual elements merge seamlessly with each other giving birth to insightful communication whenever needed. Among these varied but fundamental aspects necessary for any competent communicator, is adding on the vital aspect of tense marking appropriately into conversations or text rendering accurately when an event occurred or will occur. We must appreciate this pivotal role played by acquiring fiuency in using verb tenses by young children seeking effective communication alongside understanding its importance a bit more in the language development process. The study attempts to investigate the acquisition of tense markers in typical children speaking Hindi with the goal of assessing data from children in the age range of 6-8 years. Results suggested that tense markers increased with age. Almost half of the tense markers were not fully acquired by the age of 8 years. The research also analysed various studies that uphold the findings.

DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AFFECTING COMMON ERRORS IN TENSE IN ENGLISH AMONG NINTH STANDARD STUDENTS

This descriptive study aims to find out the differential effect of gender, residential locale and medium of instruction on the errors made by the ninth grader students in the usage of English tenses. Three null hypotheses were tested by collecting data from a random sample of 291 ninth grade students from schools in Coimbatore district. The English Tense Error Analysis Test was administered to find out the common errors committed by the students in using the language. Independent sample t-test revealed significant differential effect of gender, residential locale and medium of instruction on common errors in English tense usage of ninth grade students. Boys compared to girls, rural students compared to urban students and Tamil medium students compared to English medium students make significantly high mistakes in English tense.

Present tense: A peculiar case of Pemphigus Vulgaris presenting with tense blisters during the COVID-19 pandemic

@#Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune bullous dermatosis presenting with flaccid blisters and erosions. The morphology of pemphigus reflects the more superficial intraepidermal level of split seen histologically in contrast with pemphigoid, where the level of split is deep below the epidermis. This is a case of a 58-year-old male clinically presenting with arcuate tense bullae, which are more characteristic of the pemphigoid group of disorders, which revealed an intraepidermal split and tombstoning pattern of the basal epidermis on histopathology. Direct immunofluorescence revealed intercellular IgG and C3 distribution. Although this patient presented clinically with tense bullae, the histopathology and direct immunofluorescence results were consistent with pemphigus vulgaris.

Paracentesis evacuante en pacientes cirróticos con ascitis a tensión: revisión del tema / Therapeutic paracentesis in cirrhotic patients: a review

El desarrollo de ascitis es la complicación más frecuente del paciente con cirrosis hepática y generalmente marca el paso hacia la descompensación, con lo cual empeora el pronóstico y se deteriora la calidad de vida. Los estudios clínicos demuestran que aproximadamente el 50%de los pacientes cirróticos con ascitis no complicada mueren a los 2 años y que el 50% de los que desarrollan ascitis refractaria mueren a los 6 meses si no reciben tratamiento. Las medidas terapéuticas actuales en el paciente cirrótico con ascitis se encaminan a mantener un balance negativo de sodio, mediante la restricción del consumo de sal y el uso de diuréticos. Tales medidas pueden ser insuficientes en el caso de la ascitis a tensión, por lo que se requiere un tratamiento que mejore rápidamente la sintomatología y restaure la funcionalidad del paciente, además de medidas de soporte para prevenir la acumulación de líquido en la cavidad peritoneal y por ende reducir las enfermedades asociadas. Por lo anterior, la paracentesis evacuante seguida de fármacos diuréticos es el tratamiento de elección en los pacientes con ascitis a tensión.

The development of ascites is the most frequent complication of patients with hepatic cirrhosis; usually it leads to decompensation which is associated with worsening prognosis and deterioration of life quality. Clinical studies reveal that approximately 50%of cirrhotic patients with uncomplicated ascites die within two years while 50%of those with refractory ascites, if left untreated, die within six months. Currently, therapeutic measures in cirrhotic patients with ascites are designed to maintain a negative balance of sodium, which is achieved by a restricted salt intake and the use of diuretics. In the case of tense ascites those measures may be insufficient and, therefore, a treatment is required that quickly controls symptoms and improves function. Such treatment must be accompanied by support measures to prevent fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity, thus reducing the risk of associated diseases. Paracentesis of great volumes followed by diuretics is considered as the therapy of choice for managing patients with tense ascites.

Hemodynamic changes after single large volume paracentesis(SLVP) in cirrhosis with tense ascites: Focusing on the effect of albumin as a plasma expander / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND: In patients with cirrhosis, single large volume paracentesis(SLVP) is an effective and safe treatment for the tense ascites. But the need for routine administration of albumin remains controversial. We investigated the necessity of albumin administration in cirrhosis with tense ascites after SLVP. METHODS: 23 patients with cirrhosis with tense ascites were recruited, and examined before and 48 hour after a SLVP. Patients were randomly assigned to be administrated with albumin(6 g/L of ascites removed, n=11) or not(n=12). Systemic and renal hemodynamic parameters(mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index, resistive index of kidney, and serum creatinine), indices associated with sodium homeostasis(urine sodium and osmolarity) and neurohumoral factors such as plasma renin activity and plasma concentration of aldosterone were measured before and 48 hour after a SLVP. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in clinical and laboratory parameters between two groups at entry into the study. Plasma renin activity was significantly increased 48 hour after a SLVP in patients without albumin administration, but the change of plasma renin activity before and after paracentesis((delta)plasma renin activity) was not significantly different between two groups. There was no difference in the mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index, resistive index of kidney, serum creatinine, urine sodium and osmolarity and plasma concentration of aldosterone between two groups after SLVP. CONCLUSION: Single large volume paracentesis without albumin administration is a safe and effective treatment in cirrhosis with tense ascites.

Key Points in Writing English Abstracts for Medical Paper / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the key points in writing English abstracts for medical paper so as to improve the writing quality of English abstracts among clinicians and pharmacists.METHODS:The structure,tense,voice and the common sentence pattern of English abstracts of medical papers were introduced.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:To know the key points in writing English abstracts for medical paper is conducive to the smoothly publication and the display of the due literature value of paper.