A percepção da família sobre o nível de atividade física e o comportamento sedentário nos pré-escolares: consequências para o desenvolvimento físico e cognitivo / The family's perception about level of physical activity and sedentary behavior in preschoolers: consequences for physical and cognitive development

OBJETIVO: Verificar a percepção da família quanto à presença dos comportamentos sedentários e do nível de atividade física de pré-escolares em casa e na escola MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo (design ecológico) com 26 pais de pré-escolares. Os pais responderam dois questionários, um relacionado às atividades realizadas dentro e fora do ambiente escolar por seus filhos e outro sobre o nível de atividade física RESULTADOS: Evidencia-se a baixa frequência de atividades físicas oferecidas pelos pais nos dois principais microssistemas da criança, tanto em casa (13%) quanto na escola (9%), e mais de 50% das crianças foram classificadas como pouco ativas e com alta exposição à televisão CONCLUSÃO: Os agentes diretamente envolvidos com as crianças tendem a oferecer atividades sedentárias com maior frequência quando comparadas às atividades físicas, influenciando a quantidade de atividades ativas realizadas pelas crianças

OBJECTIVE: To verify the family's perception of the presence of sedentary behaviors and the level of physical activity of preschoolers at home and at school METHODS: A field research (ecological design) was carried out with 26 parents of preschoolers. Parents answered two questionnaires, one related to the activities carried out inside and outside the school environment by their children and the other on the level of physical activity RESULTS: The low frequency of physical activities offered by parents in the child's two main microsystems is evident, both at home (13%) and at school (9%) and more than 50% of children were classified as not much active and with high exposure to television CONCLUSION: Agents directly involved with children tend to offer sedentary activities more frequently when compared to physical activities, influencing the amount of active activities performed by children

De víctima a victimaría: la mujer en la crianza de los hijos / From victim to victimizer: women in parenting

Este artículo busca problematizar concepciones corrientes sobre las mujeres víctimas de violencia, pobreza y exclusión, quienes en el rol materno replican en sus hijos las conductas aprendidas en los diferentes sistemas que las afectaron, desde el macro hasta el microsistema, los cuales se perciben cargados de violencia y exclusión. El estudio se fundamentó en la teoría ecológica de Bronfenbrenner, teniendo una visión sistémica del problema y se analizó desde autores como Martín-Baró, Foucault y Wernicke, entre otros. Luego de reconocer las características sociodemográficas y las relaciones interpersonales, se estableció la correlación entre ser víctima de violencia y el moldeamiento de las características psicológicas que se observan en las mujeres transmutándose de víctimas a victimarias en perjuicio de sus hijos, reproduciéndose la violencia en una espiral que es vista como natural en distintos entornos sociales. Se encontró una diferencia entre la mujer del ámbito urbano y la desplazada proveniente del ámbito rural, en cuanto al uso de los servicios que proveen las instituciones y la relación con las demás personas, siendo estas últimas más desconfiadas y prevenidas.

This article seeks to problematize current views on women who are victims of violence, poverty and exclusion. Mothers learn these behaviors from diverse systems, from the macrosystem to the microsystem, which are perceived to be loaded with violence and exclusion; and they replicate these behaviors on their children. The study was based on Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, taking a systemic approach to the problem and analyzed from authors such as Colombo, Martin-Baró, Foucault and Wernicke, among others. After recognizing the socio-demographic characteristics and interpersonal relationships, a correlation was established between being a victim of violence and the shaping of psychological characteristics observed in women, who transition from being victims to victimizers, to the detriment of their children. This suggests that violence is perpetuated in a spiral, which it is regarded as natural in different social environments. A difference between women of urban areas and displaced from the rural areas was found in the use of services provided by institutions and the relationship with others, the latter being more suspicious and prevented.