Biochemical Assessment of the Effects of Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus on Wistar Strain Rats.

Aqueous stem bark extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus was phytochemically screened indicating the presence of alkaloids, tannins, anthraquinones, saponins and phenols. Antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract using Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae as test organisms showed varying zones of inhibition with 10 mm zone of inhibition exhibited by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of extract were 16 μg/ml and 32 μg/ml respectively. Treatment of experimental animals with the aqueous stem bark extract for a period of six weeks and subsequent assessment of its effect biochemically revealed that alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), acid phosphatase (ACP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were significantly higher than normal suggesting certain degree of liver injury. Glucose, cholesterol, total and direct bilirubin as well as total protein levels were significantly higher than normal values with respect to animals treated with 500mg/kg body weight suggesting a dose dependent effect of the extract on the animals. Urea and creatinine levels were slightly lower than normal. Overall, the result of this study showed that the effect of the extract was more pronounced on the liver than the kidney as depicted by the photomicrographs.

Prophylactic effect of Andrographis paniculata extracts against fungal species.

Andrographis paniculata (Acanthaceae) has been used to treat hepatoprotective, antidiarrhoeal, antiinflammatory, antimalarial, and antihypertensive. The aim of the study was to investigate the antifungal activity of different part of extracts of A. paniculata. The antifungal activity of extracts of A. paniculata was evaluated by Agar well diffusion method against five selected fungal species. Stem extracts of A. paniculata showed high antifungal activity against A.oryzae, Penicillum sp and C.albicans. The root extracts showed high antifungal activity against A. niger, A. flavus, C.albicans, Penicillum sp and A.oryzae and also leaf extracts showed high antifungal activity against Penicillum sp and A. flavus but did not show antifungal activity against C.albicans, A. niger, A.oryzae. The results obtained in the present study suggest that A. paniculata plant can be used in treating various diseases caused by the test organisms.

Study on microbial limit test method of Anshenning oral liquid / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To provide a method for the microbial limit test of Anshenning oral liquid and carry out validation of the mothed. METHODS: The validation on the microbial limit test method was conducted in accordance with the counting method of bacteria, mycetes and yeasts and the control bacteria test method stated in the Appendix of China Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition). Culture dilution method was used in bacterium count and total combined molds and yeasts count; while routine method was used in the control bacteria test. RESULTS: The recoveries of test organisms in the control group 3 preparations by routine method were more than 70%. The recoveries of the test group were more than 70%. In the 3 control bacteria tests the negative control bacterias, was not found in the negative control group, while the control bacteria was found in the test group. CONCLUSION: The established method substances can eliminate the antimicrobial in Anshenning oral liquid is accurate, and comprehensive, and can be used for the microbial limit test of Anshenning oral liquid.