Fatty acid profile variations after exposure to textile industry effluents in Indian Major Carps / Variações do perfil de ácidos graxos após exposição a efluentes da indústria têxtil nas principais carpas indianas

Abstract Indian major carps are the widely consumed fish species of Pakistan, being a cheap source of proteins and unsaturated fatty acids, they are good for cardiovascular health. Water pollution due to discharge of untreated industrial waste water into water bodies contaminates this precious source of nutrients. The present study therefore, was aimed to assess deterioration of fatty acid profile of three Indian major carp species due to different concentrations of industrial wastes. The water samples were collected from the river Chenab at the site where it receives industrial wastewater via Chakbandi drain. After exposure to 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5% dilutions of collected water in different aquaria it was observed that proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in selected fish species were decreased significantly as the intensity of the dose increased (P < 0.05). Conversely the level of saturated fatty acids increased with the increasing dose of treatment (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that untreated wastewater not only deteriorate the fatty acid profile of aquatic animals but also these toxic substances can reach human body through fish meat and pose further health hazards. Therefore, it is highly recommended that industrial effluents should be treated before they are dumped into water bodies.

Resumo As carpas indianas são as espécies de peixes mais consumidas no Paquistão, sendo uma fonte barata de proteínas e de ácidos graxos insaturados e boa para a saúde cardiovascular. A poluição da água por causa do descarte de resíduos industriais não tratados em corpos d'água contamina essa preciosa fonte de nutrientes. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a deterioração do perfil de ácidos graxos de três principais espécies de carpas indianas em diferentes concentrações de resíduos industriais. As amostras de água foram coletadas do rio Chenab no local onde recebe esgoto industrial via dreno de Chakbandi. Após a exposição a diluições de 1,5%, 3% e 4,5% da água coletada em diferentes aquários, foi observado que a proporção de ácidos graxos insaturados em espécies de peixes selecionadas diminuiu significativamente com o aumento da intensidade da dose (P < 0,05). Por outro lado, o nível de ácidos graxos saturados aumentou com a elevação da dose de tratamento (P < 0,05). Essas descobertas sugerem que águas residuais não tratadas não apenas deterioram o perfil de ácidos graxos dos animais aquáticos, mas também essas substâncias tóxicas podem atingir o corpo humano por meio da carne de peixe e representar mais riscos à saúde. Portanto, é recomendável que os efluentes industriais sejam tratados antes de serem despejados em corpos d'água.

Fatty acid profile variations after exposure to textile industry effluents in Indian Major Carps

Abstract Indian major carps are the widely consumed fish species of Pakistan, being a cheap source of proteins and unsaturated fatty acids, they are good for cardiovascular health. Water pollution due to discharge of untreated industrial waste water into water bodies contaminates this precious source of nutrients. The present study therefore, was aimed to assess deterioration of fatty acid profile of three Indian major carp species due to different concentrations of industrial wastes. The water samples were collected from the river Chenab at the site where it receives industrial wastewater via Chakbandi drain. After exposure to 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5% dilutions of collected water in different aquaria it was observed that proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in selected fish species were decreased significantly as the intensity of the dose increased (P 0.05). Conversely the level of saturated fatty acids increased with the increasing dose of treatment (P 0.05). These findings suggest that untreated wastewater not only deteriorate the fatty acid profile of aquatic animals but also these toxic substances can reach human body through fish meat and pose further health hazards. Therefore, it is highly recommended that industrial effluents should be treated before they are dumped into water bodies.

Resumo As carpas indianas são as espécies de peixes mais consumidas no Paquistão, sendo uma fonte barata de proteínas e de ácidos graxos insaturados e boa para a saúde cardiovascular. A poluição da água por causa do descarte de resíduos industriais não tratados em corpos dágua contamina essa preciosa fonte de nutrientes. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a deterioração do perfil de ácidos graxos de três principais espécies de carpas indianas em diferentes concentrações de resíduos industriais. As amostras de água foram coletadas do rio Chenab no local onde recebe esgoto industrial via dreno de Chakbandi. Após a exposição a diluições de 1,5%, 3% e 4,5% da água coletada em diferentes aquários, foi observado que a proporção de ácidos graxos insaturados em espécies de peixes selecionadas diminuiu significativamente com o aumento da intensidade da dose (P 0,05). Por outro lado, o nível de ácidos graxos saturados aumentou com a elevação da dose de tratamento (P 0,05). Essas descobertas sugerem que águas residuais não tratadas não apenas deterioram o perfil de ácidos graxos dos animais aquáticos, mas também essas substâncias tóxicas podem atingir o corpo humano por meio da carne de peixe e representar mais riscos à saúde. Portanto, é recomendável que os efluentes industriais sejam tratados antes de serem despejados em corpos dágua.

Binding interaction of laccases from Bacillus Subtilis after industrial dyes exposure: Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies

Dyes are becoming more widely used around the world wide, but there is no effective bioremediation approach for removing them completely from the environment. Several dyes are mentioned to be degraded through bacteria; however, it's still unknown how the particular enzymes act throughout the dye degradation. The behavior and function of these enzymes in the biodegradation of azo dyes (Textile dyes) had been investigated experimentally by the numbers of the researchers, however, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the interaction mechanisms of textile dye (methyl orange) with laccase from B. subtilis were explored through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, the three selected dyes (methyl orange, malachite green, and acid blue 62) that interact positively with laccase on the basis of their maximum binding energy, molecular docking results indicate that one of the three dyes is more stable as a target for degradation through Bacillus subtilis laccase. Therefore, subsequent research focused solely on one substrate: methyl orange. Molecular Dynamics simulation study was applied after the molecular docking to determine the interaction between laccases and methyl orange dyes. The trajectory was proved with root mean square deviation and root mean square fluctuation analysis. According to the molecular dynamics simulation results, laccase-methyl orange complexes remain stable during the catalytic reaction. So, this study demonstrates how laccase is involved in methyl orange bioremediation.

Immobility and mobility practices in pandemic: Daily experiences of inhabitants of Temuco (Chile) / Prácticas de inmovilidad y movilidad en pandemia: experiencias cotidianas de habitantes de temuco (chile)

RESUMEN Durante el último tiempo, las ciudades de Chile han sido afectadas por las restricciones de movilidad impuestas por las autoridades con el objetivo de frenar el avance de la COVID-19. Considerando esta problemática, el artículo se enfoca en la percepción de habitantes de Temuco, como una de las primeras ciudades del país en afrontar la cuarentena total, respecto a las transformaciones experimentadas a partir de las medidas políticas de limitación de movilidad. Mediante un diseño metodológico cualitativo se analizó la percepción de algunos habitantes en relación con los cambios generados en sus rutinas cotidianas producto de la emergencia de inmovilidades, lo cual se relaciona directamente con la comprensión de la movilidad como una práctica central de las ciudades contemporáneas. Entre los hallazgos destaca la inmovilidad como una categoría que implica diversas encrucijadas cotidianas en las personas, el papel de la movilidad como categoría central para el desarrollo de la vida social, las transformaciones en los hábitos diarios de las personas y, por último, la necesidad de reflexionar el derecho a la movilidad de las personas desde los territorios.

ABSTRACT Innovation is one of the most important pillars for sustainable competitiveness, especially in micro and small companies that operate in a dynamic and complex context. In this context, the objective of the study was to determine the influence of human, organizational, and technical innovation capacities on the level of innovation. For this, an economic model of multiple linear regression was developed. The sampling procedure was a stratified probabilistic sample of 26 micro and small exporting textile crafts enterprises from the South area of Peru, which answered a questionnaire of 52 items. The results reflect that the capacity for human, organizational, and technical innovation influence with a coefficient of determination of 96.7%, positive and significant in the level of innovation. In conclusion, human innovation capacity has a greater influence on the variability of the level of innovation, due to the creativity, motivation, and knowledge of people.

Capacidad de innovación y su influencia en el nivel de innovación de micro y pequeñas empresas exportadoras de artesanía textil del sur de perú

La innovación es uno de los pilares más importantes para la competitividad sostenible, especialmente en la micro y pequeñas empresas que actúan en un contexto dinámico y complejo en el que vivimos. En este contexto, el objetivo del estudio fue determinar la influencia de las capacidades de innovación humana, organizacional y técnica en el nivel de innovación. Para ello, se desarrolló un modelo econométrico de regresión lineal múltiple. El procedimiento muestral fue probabilístico estratificado de 26 micro y pequeñas empresas exportadoras de artesanía textil del sur de Perú, a las que se les suministró un cuestionario de 52 ítems. Los resultados reflejan que la capacidad de innovación humana, organizacional y técnica influyen con un coeficiente de determinación del 96.7 %, positiva y significativamente en el nivel de innovación. En conclusión, la capacidad de innovación humana influye en mayor medida en la variabilidad del nivel de innovación, debido a la creatividad, la motivación y el conocimiento de las personas para innovar.

Innovation is one of the most important pillars for sustainable competitiveness, especially in micro and small companies that operate in a dynamic and complex context. In this context, the objective of the study was to determine the influence of human, organizational, and technical innovation capacities on the level of innovation. For this, an economic model of multiple linear regression was developed. The sampling procedure was a stratified probabilistic sample of 26 micro and small exporting textile crafts enterprises from the South area of Peru, which answered a questionnaire of 52 items. The results reflect that the capacity for human, organizational, and technical innovation influence with a coefficient of determination of 96.7%, positive and significant in the level of innovation. In conclusion, human innovation capacity has a greater influence on the variability of the level of innovation, due to the creativity, motivation, and knowledge of people.

Representaciones sociales del trabajo textil en bolivianos migrantes en Buenos Aires / Social representations of textile work in migrant bolivians in Buenos Aires / Representações sociais do trabalho têxtil em bolivianos migrantes em Buenos Aires

Este artículo describe las representaciones sociales del "trabajo textil" en bolivianos que viven y trabajan en Buenos Aires - Argentina. La migración boliviana tiene larga data en el país vecino, y el trabajo textil se ha constituido en la principal ocupación, por encima de la horticultura y el trabajo en construcción. En este artículo se presenta al "trabajo textil" como una ocupación atravesada por la clandestinidad, ilegalidad, explotación laboral, trata y tráfico de personas, precarización laboral y trabajo esclavo. Los resultados indican que los bolivianos trabajadores construyen su identidad sin desapegarse a sus costumbres, experimentando el fatalismo y el conformismo como consecuencias sociales de la explotación y precarización laboral. Los patrones en común indican que el trabajo textil es una forma de vida que implica el abandono de la idea de retorno y la consecución de un duelo perpetuo, teniendo como objeto de duelo al propio país (Bolivia). Estas construcciones recaen en una serie de conflictos internos, sociales y sanitarios. El trabajo textil se convierte en un fenómeno que explica la cadena de valor de la explotación por trabajo en situación de explotación, pero en los bolivianos cobra otra dimensión a partir de sus representaciones sociales que se ven articuladas y a la vez dicotómicas.

This article describes the social representations of "textile work" in Bolivians who live and work in Buenos Aires - Argentina. Bolivian migration has a long history in the neighboring country, and textile work has become the main occupation, above horticulture and construction work. In this article, "textile work" is presented as an occupation traversed by secrecy, illegality, labor exploitation, human trafficking and smuggling, job insecurity and slave labor. The results indicate that working Bolivians build their identity without detaching themselves from their customs, experiencing fatalism and conformism as social consequences of exploitation and job insecurity. The common patterns indicate that textile work is a way of life that implies the abandonment of the idea of ​​return and the achievement of a perpetual mourning, having the country itself (Bolivia) as the object of mourning. These constructions fall into a series of internal, social and health conflicts. Textile work becomes a phenomenon that explains the value chain of exploitation by work in a situation of exploitation, but in Bolivians it takes on another dimension from their social representations that are articulated and at the same time dichotomous.

Este artigo descreve as representações sociais do "trabalho têxtil" em bolivianos que vivem e trabalham em Buenos Aires - Argentina. A migração boliviana tem uma longa história no país vizinho, e o trabalho têxtil tornou-se a principal ocupação, acima da horticultura e da construção civil. Neste artigo, o "trabalho têxtil" é apresentado como uma ocupação atravessada pelo sigilo, ilegalidade, exploração laboral, tráfico e contrabando de pessoas, precarização do emprego e trabalho escravo. Os resultados indicam que os trabalhadores bolivianos constroem sua identidade sem se desvincular de seus costumes, vivenciando o fatalismo e o conformismo como consequências sociais da exploração e da precarização do trabalho. Os padrões comuns indicam que o trabalho têxtil é um modo de vida que implica o abandono da ideia de retorno e a conquista de um luto perpétuo, tendo o próprio país (Bolívia) como objeto de luto. Essas construções se enquadram em uma série de conflitos internos, sociais e de saúde. O trabalho têxtil torna-se um fenômeno que explica a cadeia de valor da exploração pelo trabalho em situação de exploração, mas nos bolivianos assume outra dimensão a partir de suas representações sociais que são articuladas e ao mesmo tempo dicotômicas.

The monitoring system of surgical textile in health services / Sistema de monitoreo de tejidos quirúrgicos en servicios sanitarios / Sistema de monitoramento de têxteis cirúrgicos em serviços de saúde

ABSTRACT Objectives: to report the implementation of a monitoring system of the operative field, surgical gown, and utilized fields as sterile barrier system of products for health, manufactured from cotton fabrics. Methods: technological innovation report of a monitoring system of the use and processing of surgical textiles in a medium-size hospital. Results: steps: planning, confection, exchange of the surgical textiles, monitoring, and 12 months of supervision. The new pieces were silkscreened with a black indelible marker. Final Considerations: the implemented system is practical, low cost, and easily manageable for the team, it favored the work process management, contributing to the quality and security of the textile used in health care, and being able to be implemented in other health services.

RESUMEN Objetivos: informar sobre la aplicación de un sistema de monitoreo de campos operatorios, delantales y campos quirúrgicos utilizados como sistema de barrera estéril para productos sanitarios fabricados con tejidos de algodón Métodos: se trata de un informe de innovación tecnológica de un sistema de monitoreo de uso y procesamiento de tejidos quirúrgicos de un hospital de porte medio. Resultados: etapas realizadas: planificación, confección, cambio de los tejidos quirúrgicos, control y seguimiento durante 12 meses. Las nuevas prendas fueron serigrafiadas con un marco de control, en el que después de cada ciclo de lavado se pintaba, con un rotulador negro indeleble, un espacio del marco. Consideraciones Finales: el sistema implantado demostró ser práctico, de bajo costo y de fácil ejecución, además de facilitar la gestión del proceso de trabajo y contribuir con la calidad y la seguridad del uso de textiles en el cuidado de la salud, con la posibilidad de reproducirse en otros servicios sanitarios.

RESUMO Objetivos: relatar a implementação de um sistema de monitoramento de campos operatórios, aventais cirúrgicos e campos utilizados como sistema de barreira estéril de produtos para a saúde confeccionados de tecidos de algodão. Métodos: relato de inovação tecnológica de um sistema de monitoramento do uso e processamento de têxteis cirúrgicos em um hospital de médio porte. Resultados: etapas percorridas: planejamento, confecção, troca dos têxteis cirúrgicos, monitoramento e acompanhamento por 12 meses. As novas peças foram serigrafadas com um quadro para o controle, no qual após cada ciclo de lavagem um espaço do quadro era pintado com um marcador indelével preto. Considerações Finais: o sistema implantado mostrou-se prático, de baixo custo e de fácil execução pela equipe, além de favorecer a gestão do processo de trabalho, contribuindo para a qualidade e segurança do uso dos têxteis na assistência à saúde, podendo ser reproduzido em outros serviços de saúde.

Exportación y sanitación internacional en empresas productoras de prendas de alpaca de Huancayo y Lima / Exportation and international sanitation in companies producing alpaca garments in Huancayo and Lima

El Perú se considera un país potencia en cuanto a la exportación textil de la alpaca, cuya fibra natural es muy fina, ligera y con alto valor a nivel mundial. Para el año 2019, la exportación total de fibra de alpaca en Perú llegó a un total de 23 países, incluyendo mercados en Europa, Asia y Norteamérica. La tendencia en el comercio exterior incluyendo las empresas textiles de alpaca, se ha dirigido a garantizar el cuidado del medio ambiente y la inocuidad de los productos respecto a la salud humana. Se realizó un estudio desde el paradigma post-positivista, con enfoque cualitativo y el método hermenéutico, para interpretar la situación de exportación y sanitación internacional en empresas peruanas productoras de prendas de alpaca en Huancayo y Lima. Se obtuvo información a partir de cuatro informantes voluntarios de cada empresa acerca de aspectos relacionados con exportación de las prendas de alpaca: competitividad, promoción, proveedores, producción, calidad de producto, valor agregado, calidad de servicio, mercados destino, demanda y herramientas de inteligencia comercial, entre otros. Asimismo, se indagó sobre la concepción y cumplimiento del Reglamento Sanitario Internacional. Las empresas evaluadas, emplean excelente materia prima, garantizan un control de calidad de sus productos ofreciendo textiles competitivos que se distribuyen en diversos mercados internacionales, emplean herramientas de comercialización que favorecen la identificación de regulaciones arancelarias y la capacitación de su personal. No obstante, muestran carencias en el cumplimiento del RSI, requiriendo adoptar medidas que garanticen la salud pública al comercializar sus productos(AU)

Peru is considered a powerful country in terms of alpaca textile exports, whose natural fiber is very fine, light and highly valued worldwide. For the year 2019, the total export of alpaca fiber in Peru reached a total of 23 countries, including markets in Europe, Asia and North America. The trend in foreign trade, including alpaca textile companies, has been aimed at guaranteeing care for the environment and the safety of products with respect to human health. A study was carried out from the post-positivist paradigm, with a qualitative approach and the hermeneutical method, to interpret the export situation and international sanitation in Peruvian companies that produce alpaca garments in Huancayo and Lima. Information was obtained from four volunteer informants from each company about aspects related to the export of alpaca garments: competitiveness, promotion, suppliers, production, product quality, added value, service quality, destination markets, demand and marketing tools. commercial intelligence, among others. Likewise, the conception and compliance with the International Health Regulations were inquired about. The evaluated companies use excellent raw material, guarantee quality control of their products by offering competitive textiles that are distributed in various international markets, use marketing tools that favor the identification of tariff regulations and the training of their personnel. However, they show deficiencies in compliance with the RSI, requiring the adoption of measures that guarantee public health when marketing their products(AU)

Finite Element Analysis and in vitro Hemodynamic Testing of Polyester Textile Valves with Nitinol Wires / 医用生物力学

Objective To study mechanical properties of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-based textile valves woven with nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires by finite element method, and combined with in vitro hemodynamic testing, to analyze the effect of wire quantity and woven position on hemodynamic performance of PET textile valve. Methods The three-dimensional (3D) geometric models of PET valves without wires and models of PET valves with wires by different numbers and distributions in radial direction were constructed using modeling software. Material properties of PET valves and wires were given based on the literature and experimental data. The transvalvular pressure difference curves of PET valves obtained from in vitro pulsatile flow experiments were used as boundary conditions. Stress distributions of the valve during peak systole and diastole were studied by finite element analysis software. Hydrodynamic performance of the valve with wires was evaluated by in vitro pulsatile flow experiments. ResultsThe finite element analysis results showed that the radially woven NiTi wires could enhance support for the PET textile valve, and support force and area of the valve in belly region of the valve leaflet with evenly distributed metal wires increased with the number of metal wires. The situation of support force was similar for silk distributions on both sides of the belly. The weaving of wires reduced stress concentration on the PET textile valve to a certain extent. The pulsatile flow experiment results showed that the stability of opening and closing shapes, effective opening area (EOA), regurgitation fraction (RF) and transvalvular pressure differences for two kinds of the PET valves with woven wires were better than those of the PET valves without wires. Conclusions Weaving metal wires in radial direction of the PET textile valve can effectively reduce stress concentrations on the PET textile valve during the cardiac cycle, and reduce tearing possibility of the valve leaflet. The woven metal wires can improve opening and closing stability of PET textile valve in in vitro hydrodynamic test, increase EOA and reduce RF and transvalvular pressure difference of the PET valve.

Produção, caracterização e aplicação de carvão ativado de caroço de pêssego no tratamento de efluente têxtil / Production, characterization, and application of activated charcoal from peach kernel in textile effluent treatment

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a produção de um carvão de caroço de pêssego e também avaliar a adsorção de corantes têxteis pelo carvão ativado de caroço de pêssego. A ativação do carvão foi realizada utilizando cloreto de zinco como agente oxidante. O carvão ativado foi então utilizado na adsorção de corantes, para posterior aplicação no tratamento de um efluente têxtil. Primeiramente, realizou-se a produção de carvão ativado com as temperaturas de 500, 700 e 900°C e tempo de carbonização de 10 15 e 20 minutos e verificou-se a remoção dos corantes preto reativo 5 e azul de metileno. De acordo com a metodologia de superfície de resposta, a melhor temperatura de produção apresentou-se acima de 700°C com tempo de exposição de 10 minutos para os dois corantes. Desse carvão ativado, avaliaram-se os dados de densidade, teor de umidade e cinzas, pH e rendimento. Também foram realizados ensaios cinéticos e de equilíbrio. Os dados foram ajustados a três modelos cinéticos. As medidas para determinação da eficiência na remoção de cor do efluente têxtil foram realizadas pelo método espectrofotométrico e demonstraram média de remoção superior a 62% da cor presente no efluente bruto. Desse modo, o caroço de pêssego demonstrou elevado potencial para a produção de carvão ativado visando o tratamento de efluentes contendo corantes, podendo servir como alternativa de baixo custo.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to characterize the production of activated charcoal from the peach kernel and assess the adsorption of textile dyes by this activated charcoal. The activation of the charcoal was performed using zinc chloride as the oxidizing agent. The activated charcoal was then used in the adsorption of dyes for later application in the treatment of a textile effluent. Firstly, the production of activated carbon was carried out at temperatures of 500, 700, and 900°C and carbonization time of 10, 15, and 20 minutes and the removal of the Reactive Black 5 and Methylene Blue dyes was verified. According to the methodology of response surface, the best production temperature was above 700°C with 10 min exposure for both dyes. From this activated carbon, data on density, moisture and ash content, pH, and yield were evaluated. Kinetic and equilibrium tests were also performed. The data were fitted to three kinetic models. The measures to determine the efficiency in the color removal of the textile effluent were carried out by the spectrophotometric method and demonstrated an average removal greater than 62% of the color present in the raw effluent. In this way, the peach kernel demonstrated a high potential for the production of activated carbon aiming at the treatment of effluents containing dyes and can serve as a low cost alternative.

Assessment of cadmium tolerance and biosorptive potential of Bacillus Cereus GCFSD01 isolated from cadmium contaminated soil / Avaliação da tolerância ao cádmio e do potencial biossorptivo de Bacillus Cereus GCFSD01 isolado de solo contaminado com cádmio

Continuous occurrence of heavy metals is a major cause of environmental pollution due to its toxic effects. At minimum concentrations, these metals are highly reactive and can gather in the food chains and food web, causing major dangers to public health concerns. Soil samples were collected from Paharang drain, Faisalabad. Cadmium tolerant bacteria were isolated and evaluated for their MIC against Cd. The isolated bacterial strain GCFSD01 showed MIC value upto 30 mM/L. The bacterial strain with the highest resistance against Cd was selected for further study. Molecular characterization of bacterial isolate GCFSD01 was performed by 16S rRNA which confirmed it as Bacillus cereus. Optimum growth conditions of bacterial strain were also evaluated. Strain GCFSD01 showed optimum growth at pH 7 and 37 °C temperature. Our result revealed that B. cereus strain GCFSD01 reduced 61.3% Cd after 48 hrs. Multiple metal tolerance and Cd reduction by B. cereus indicate its potential for further use for decontamination of polluted soil.

A ocorrência contínua de metais pesados é uma das principais causas de poluição ambiental devido aos seus efeitos tóxicos. A contaminação por metais pesados representa um grande risco para todas as formas de vida encontradas no meio ambiente. Em concentrações mínimas, esses metais são altamente reativos e podem se acumular nas cadeias alimentares e na cadeia alimentar, causando grandes perigos às preocupações com a saúde pública. Amostras de solo foram coletadas no esgoto de Paharang, Faisalabad. Bactérias tolerantes ao cádmio foram isoladas da amostra coletada pelo método da placa de ágar. As colônias separadas individuais selecionadas foram avaliadas quanto às suas concentrações inibitórias mínimas contra Cd. A cepa bacteriana isolada GCFSD01 apresentou valores de CIM de 30 mM/L. A colônia bacteriana que apresentou maior resistência contra o Cd foi selecionada para identificação. Após seleção da maior colônia bacteriana resistente ao Cd, coloração de Gram e diferentes testes bioquímicos foram realizados para a caracterização da bactéria isolada. A caracterização molecular do isolado bacteriano GCFSD01 foi realizada por PCR 16S rRNA confirmando a presença de Bacillus cereus. Após a identificação molecular, as condições ótimas de crescimento da cepa bacteriana também foram verificadas. A cepa GCFSD01 apresentou crescimento ótimo em pH 7 e temperatura de 37 °C. Nosso resultado revelou que a cepa de B. cereus GCFSD01 reduziu 61,3% de Cd após 48 horas. A tolerância a múltiplos metais e a redução de Cd por B. cereus indicam seu potencial para uso posterior na descontaminação do solo poluído.

Incidência e tendência temporal de acidentes de trabalho na indústria têxtil e de confecção: análise de Santa Catarina, Brasil, entre 2008 e 2017 / Incidence and time trend of occupational accidents in the textile and clothing industry: analysis of Santa Catarina, Brazil, between 2008 and 2017

RESUMO: Objetivo: Estimar a incidência e a tendência temporal dos acidentes de trabalho típicos na indústria têxtil e de confecção de Santa Catarina no período de 2008 a 2017. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico retrospectivo baseado nos dados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS). A tendência temporal foi analisada por meio do cálculo da mudança média anual e da regressão logística. Resultados: Houve tendência de queda na incidência de acidentes de trabalho em Santa Catarina no período estudado (8,8%). Observaram-se as maiores taxas de acidentes no ano de 2008 entre homens (12,6%), trabalhadores com faixa de idade entre 40 e 49 anos (6,7%), negros (7,4%), pessoas com menos de 12 anos de estudo (5,0%), com remuneração média de 3 a 7 salários mínimos (7,0%), com até quatro anos de tempo de emprego (6,9%), trabalhadores da fabricação de produtos têxteis (10,3%), estabelecimentos de médio porte (100 a 499 trabalhadores) (7,9%) e nas regiões da Grande Florianópolis (7,0%) e Vale do Itajaí (6,8%). Conclusões: O risco de acidente de trabalho típico caiu significativamente ao longo do período. Contudo futuros estudos são necessários para analisar novas relações que possam apontar outros fatores associados. Espera-se que este estudo possa contribuir para subsidiar ações de prevenção, promoção, proteção e reabilitação da saúde dos trabalhadores desse setor produtivo.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To estimate the incidence and time trend of typical work accidents in the textile and clothing industry in Santa Catarina from 2008 to 2017. Methods: This was a retrospective epidemiological study based on data from the Annual Social Information Report (RAIS). The time trend was analyzed by calculating the average annual change and logistic regression. Results: There was a downward trend in the incidence of occupational accidents in Santa Catarina during the period studied (8.8%). The highest incidence occurred in 2008 among men (12.6%), workers aged between 40 and 49 years (6.7%), black people (7.4%), people with less than 12 years of education (5.0%), with an average income of 3 to 7 minimum wages (7.0%), with up to 4 years of employment (6.9%), workers in the manufacture of textile products (10, 3%), medium-sized establishments (that is, between 100 and 499 workers; 7.9%) and in the regions of Greater Florianópolis (7.0%) and Vale do Itajaí (6.8%). Conclusions: The risk for typical occupational accidents dropped significantly over the period studied. However, future studies are needed to analyze new relationships that may point to other associated factors. It is hoped that this study can contribute to support measures for the prevention, promotion, protection and rehabilitation of the health of workers in this production sector.

A green approach for the treatment of dye and surfactant contaminated industrial wastewater / Uma abordagem verde para o tratamento de águas residuais industriais contaminadas por tintas e surfactantes

Abstract Synthetic dyes, particularly reactive and acid dyes, are commonly used in the textile industry because of their advantages as excellent color fastness and brightness. Also, surfactants are used for an increment of coloring success in the textile industry. One of the major problems concerning textile wastewater is the treatment of the effluents containing both dyes and surfactants. Biological treatment systems are recommended as useful, economic and eco-friendly methods for treatment of industrial wastewater. The purpose of this study was to investigate the binary removal of a textile dye and a surfactant by growing Aspergillus versicolor culture in molasses medium. The effect of dye and surfactant concentration on the removal of dye and surfactant was determined. This study resulted that 100% of the surfactant and dye molecules removed together with the formation of a dye-surfactant complex by fungus. It is concluded that binary removal systems are very efficient for industrial wastewater treatment.

Resumo Os corantes sintéticos, particularmente corantes reativos e ácidos, são comumente usados ​​na indústria têxtil devido às suas vantagens como excelente solidez da cor e brilho. Além disso, os surfactantes são usados ​​para incrementar o sucesso da coloração na indústria têxtil. Um dos principais problemas relativos às águas residuais têxteis são o tratamento dos efluentes contendo corantes e surfactantes. Os sistemas de tratamento biológico são recomendados como métodos úteis, econômicos e ecológicos para o tratamento de efluentes industriais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a remoção binária de um corante têxtil e um surfactante, cultivando a cultura Aspergillus versicolor em meio de melaço. O efeito das concentrações de corante e surfactante nas remoções de corante e surfactante foi determinado. Este estudo resultou na remoção de 100% das moléculas de surfactante e corante juntamente com a formação de um complexo corante-surfactante por fungos. Conclui-se que os sistemas de remoção binária são muito eficientes no tratamento de efluentes industriais.

Studies on delignification in jute (Corchorus spp L.) fibre with promising lignin degrading bacterial isolates

Aim: To investigate the reduction of lignin content in jute (Corchorus spp. L.) with promising lignin degrading bacterial isolates.Methodology: Promising lignin degrading bacterial isolates were screened on the basis of potency index, MnP (manganese peroxidase) and LiP (lignin peroxidase) activities. Very efficient ligninolytic isolates were used for laboratory scale delignification trial and the resultant fibre was tested for lignin content, fibre strength and fineness. The efficient isolates were identified up to species level with Biolog Inc. based on the metabolic fingerprinting of the isolates. Results: Out of 95 ligninolytic bactetial isolates, twenty isolates having potency index >1.10 on the basis of Azure-B dye degradation test were selected for enzyme assays. Five promising isolates (L3, L9, L10, L26 and L30) were selected for delignification trial on the basis of high MnP (126 – 482 U l-1 min-1), and LiP (558.7 – 615.6 U l-1 min-1) activities. The isolate L9 performed best among the five isolates and could reduce lignin content from 11.33 to 8.84% i.e. a reduction of 21.97% from the control. All the five isolates were identified as Bacillus spp. Interpretation: Delignification of jute by using lignin degrading bacteria without any environmental hazard may be considered as an alternate method of chemical delignification for minimization of environmental pollution

Structural-functional analyses of textile dye degrading azoreductase, laccase and peroxidase: a comparative in silico study

Background: Textile industry not only plays a vital role in our daily life but also a prominent factor in improving global economy. One of the environmental concern is it releases huge quantities of toxic dyes in the water leading to severe environmental pollution. Bacterial laccase and azoreductase successfully oxidize complex chemical structure of nitrogen group-containing azo dyes. Additionally, the presence of textile dye infuriates bacterial peroxidase to act as a dye degrading enzyme. Our present study deals with three textile dye degrading enzymes laccase, azoreductase, and peroxidase through analyzing their structural and functional properties using standard computational tools. Result: According to the comparative analysis of physicochemical characteristics, it was clear that laccase was mostly made up of basic amino acids whereas azoreductase and peroxidase both comprised of acidic amino acids. Higher aliphatic index ascertained the thermostability of all these three enzymes. Negative GRAVY value of the enzymes confirmed better water interaction of the enzymes. Instability index depicted that compared to laccase and preoxidase, azoreductase was more stable in nature. It was also observed that the three model proteins had more than 90% of total amino acids in the favored region of Ramachandran plot. Functional analysis revealed laccase as multicopper oxidase type enzyme and azoreductase as FMN dependent enzyme, while peroxidase consisted of α-ß barrel with additional haem group. Conclusion: Present study aims to provide knowledge on industrial dye degrading enzymes, choosing the suitable enzyme for industrial set up and to help in understanding the experimental laboratory requirements as well.

Evaluation of a Combined System Based on an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASB) and Shallow Polishing Pond (SPP) for Textile Effluent Treatment

Abstract Color removal from textile effluents was evaluated using a laboratory-combined process based on an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by a shallow polishing pond (SPP). The anaerobic reactor was fed with a real textile effluent, diluted 10-times in a 350 mg/L solution of pre-treated residual yeast extract from a brewery industry as nutrient source. The parameters color, COD, N-NH3 and toxicity were monitored throughout 45 days of operation. According to the results, decolorization and COD removal were highest in the anaerobic step, whereas the effluent was polished in the SPP unit. The overall efficiency of the complete UASB-SPP system for COD and color were 88 and 62%, respectively. Moreover, the N-NH3 generated by the residual yeast extract ammonification was below 5 mg/L for the final effluent. Finally, no toxicity was detected after the treatment steps, as shown by the Vibrio fischeri microscale assay.

La violencia intrafamiliar en el desempeño laboral de las mujeres en el sector textil-confección / Domestic violence in the labor performance of women in the textile-confection industry

Resumen El objetivo principal de la investigación fue conocer los factores que se derivan de la violencia intrafamiliar y la incidencia en la productividad laboral en empresas del sector textil confección. Inicialmente, se realizó una revisión de la literatura, para luego desarrollar el proyecto investigativo bajo el paradigma interpretativo, haciendo énfasis, en identificar cómo el fenómeno de la violencia intrafamiliar impacta el desempeño laboral de las trabajadoras de este tipo de empresas. La metodología fue cualitativa, con un diseño transversal, y se utilizó la técnica de recolección de información por medio de un grupo focal y una entrevista semiestructurada con preguntas orientadoras. En los resultados se pudo constatar que la violencia intrafamiliar es un factor que incide en el bajo nivel de desempeño y productividad de las trabajadoras; donde el desempeño laboral se ve afectado por esta situación impactando la baja calidad en el trabajo. Así mismo, se estableció que las organizaciones no cuentan con una ruta de atención que ofrezca apoyo a las mujeres víctimas de la violencia intrafamiliar.

Abstract The main objective of the research was to know the factors that are derived from intrafamily violence and the incidence of labor productivity in companies in the textile clothing industry. Initially, a review of the literature was made, to then develop the research project under the interpretive paradigm, emphasizing, in identifying how the phenomenon of intrafamily violence impacts the work performance of workers of this type of companies. The methodology was a qualitative approach, a cross-sectional design, and the technique of gathering information was used through a focus group and a semi-structured interview with guiding questions. In the results obtained, it was found that intrafamily violence is a factor that affects the low level of performance and productivity in workers; where the work performance is affected by this situation having impact on the low quality at work. Likewise, it was established that organizations do not have a care route that offers support to women victims of domestic violence.

A robust method for nucleic acid extraction from fabrics to study bacterial diversity

The importance of studying microbial load on fabrics has been recently realized with reports on fabrics being a source ofspread of infection in medical and hospitality sectors. However, methodological limitations have restricted the analysis ofmicrobial diversity on fabrics. Hence, the study aimed to develop a robust method for extraction of DNA from differenttypes of fabrics. Bacterial community profiles could be successfully generated with DNA extracted from real life samples,together with identification of different bacterial genera on fabrics. The study opens up venues to study effect of environmental factors on microbial load on fabrics. Also, such a technique will aid correlation between microbial load and typesof fabric so as to come up with recommendation for fabrics bearing minimal microbial load for medical and hospitalitysectors.

Physico-Chemical Characterization Of Textile Effluent From A Dyeing Industry In Tiruppur Of Tamil Nadu

The physico-chemical parameters of various textile industrial effluents vary depending on the type of dyes and processingchemicals used. The major pollution indicating parameters like TS, TDS, TSS, DO, COD, BOD, pH, alkalinity, chlorides,sulphates and heavy metals were analyzed. The estimated parameters were compared with the stipulated standard values putforth by WHO, BIS and TNPCB. The effluent was highly turbid with high values for TDS, TSS, alkalinity, chlorides,sulphates and iron. The study also showed elevated levels of some heavy metals. Physico- chemical analysis indicate that theeffluent samples have higher values for most of the parameters and exceed the permissible limits. Based on the estimatedcharacteristics, it is revealed that the effluent is not suitable for direct discharge into water stream and need a suitabletechnology for the treatment before discharge.

Clinical and pathological aspects of gossypiboma in a dog: case report / Aspectos clínico-patológicos do gossipiboma em cão: relato de caso

A female dog was treated at the Veterinary Hospital Governador Laudo Natel for symptomscaused by an intra-abdominal gossypiboma (gossypium: cotton; boma: place of hiding). Showing high morbidity and mortality, the gossypiboma is a granulomatous reaction that is formed in response to exposure to a textile matrix. The objective of this report is to describe the clinical and pathological findings of an intra-abdominal gossypiboma in a female dog. This patient arrived at urgent care showing increased abdominal volume, pain, and cachexia. Ultrasonography showed a regular contour formation that could not be completely delimited. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy and died in the postoperative period. The gossypiboma had a smooth, firm, and purple-gray exterior surface. Microscopy revealed a severe reaction of desmoplasia around the necrotic region, residual textile material, and adipose tissue. Negligence by veterinarians leading to this condition can result in patients' death as well as causing psychological damage to owners.(AU)

Uma cadela foi atendida no Hospital Veterinário "Governador Laudo Natel", apresentando sinais clínicos oriundos de gossipiboma intra-abdominal (gossypium: algodão e boma: local de ocultação), tais como aumento de volume abdominal, regurgitação e caquexia. A ultrassonografia evidenciou formação de contorno regular que não podia ser totalmente delimitada. A paciente foi submetida à laparotomia exploratória e veio a óbito no período pós-operatório. O gossipiboma mostrou-se com superfície externa lisa, firme e roxo-acinzentada apresentando-se à microscopia como reação severa de desmoplasia ao redor de material necrótico, resíduos de material têxtil e do tecido adiposo. A negligência por parte dos médicos veterinários pode levar pacientes ao óbito, bem como trazer prejuízos psicológicos aos proprietários. Objetiva-se, com este relato, descrever os achados clínicos e patológicos de uma cadela que apresentou um gossipiboma intra-abdominal.(AU)