Descarte de medicamentos e os impactos ambientais: uma revisão integrativa da literatura / Disposal of drugs and the ensuing environmental impacts: an integrative review of the literature

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é investigar as evidências nacionais e internacionais disponíveis sobre o descarte de medicamentos e os impactos em matrizes ambientais. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e que incluiu artigos em inglês, espanhol e português publicados entre 2010 e 2020. Foram selecionados 26 artigos, que evidenciaram o descarte incorreto de medicamentos por profissionais e consumidores devido, principalmente, à falta de conhecimentos sobre os impactos ambientais que esses podem ocasionar. Estudos apontaram a contaminação de água, esgoto e sedimentos por fármacos descartados de forma incorreta. Além disso, observou-se que seres vivos aquáticos podem ser impactados pela presença de medicamentos em matrizes ambientais. O descarte de medicamentos incorreto ainda é uma realidade nas evidências avaliadas, que promove a contaminação de matrizes ambientais e muitas vezes não é removido por estações de tratamento de águas residuárias e interfere no equilíbrio da vida ambiental.

Abstract The scope of this article is to investigate the national and international evidence available on the forms of drug disposal and the presence of drugs in environmental matrices. It involved an integrative review of the literature conducted in the PubMed, SciELO and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases, which included articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese published between 2010 and 2020. Twenty-six articles were selected, which revealed the incorrect disposal of medicines by professionals and consumers due mainly to the lack of knowledge about the environmental impacts that they may cause. Studies have highlighted the contamination of water, sewage and sediments by incorrectly discarded drugs. Furthermore, it was observed that aquatic living creatures can be impacted by the presence of drugs in environmental matrices. The incorrect disposal of drugs continues to be a reality in the evidence assessed, which leads to the contamination of environmental matrices and is often not removed by wastewater treatment plants and interferes with the equilibrium of environmental life.

Bases teóricas e metodológicas da Bioética Crítica frente os desafios do Antropoceno / Theoretical and methodological bases of Critical Bioethics facing the challenges of the Anthropocene

A Bioética Crítica propõe uma fundamentação teórica e metodológica que parte da autocrítica sobre o próprio campo da bioética, bem como da produção do conhecimento e da tecnologia como um todo, buscando identificar como os discursos éticos são muitas vezes utilizados para ocultar agendas e interesses que vão na contramão daquilo que se espera de qualquer produção bioética: a defesa da saúde e da vida em seu mais amplo aspecto. Este trabalho apresenta uma introdução, por meio de investigação de natureza teórica e reflexiva, dos principais elementos da Bioética Crítica, sua inserção no debate com outras abordagens da área e seus modos de aplicação metodológica. Ao ponderar sobre alguns desafios relacionados à emergência dos conflitos socioambientais, e em diálogo com produções dos estudos sobre o Antropoceno e as críticas do Capitaloceno, o artigo conclui com uma proposta inicial para expansão de seu corpus teórico.

Critical Bioethics proposes a theoretical and methodological foundation starting from self-criticism about the field of bioethics itself, as well as the production of knowledge and technology as a whole, seeking to identify how ethical discourses are often used to hide agendas and interests that go contrary to what is expected from any bioethical production: the defense of health and life in its broadest aspect. This work presents an introduction, through an investigation of a theoretical and reflective nature, the main elements of Critical Bioethics, its insertion in the debate with other approaches in the area and its methods of methodological application. By considering some challenges related to the emergence of socio-environmental conflicts, and in dialogue with productions from studies on the Anthropocene and criticisms of the Capitalocene, the article concludes with an initial proposal for expanding its theoretical corpus.

Conexão com a natureza e associação com motivos de escolhas alimentares entre profissionais da atenção primária à saúde / Connectedness to nature and its association with food choice motives among primary health care professionals

Resumo A conexão com a natureza pode favorecer o bem-estar e a adoção de práticas alimentares sustentáveis. Profissionais de saúde seriam agentes fundamentais nesta interface, promovendo a saúde ambiental. Estudo transversal com 146 profissionais da atenção primária avaliou a associação entre conexão com a natureza e os motivos para escolhas alimentares consideradas importantes à saúde humana e ambiental. Aplicou-se Escala de Conexão com a Natureza (ECN), contendo 14 itens que medem o quanto a pessoa se sente integrada ao meio ambiente, variando de 14 a 70 pontos; e o Questionário sobre Motivos para as Escolhas Alimentares (FCQ), com 36 itens distribuídos em nove fatores, dentre os quais elegeu-se para este estudo: "Saúde", "Conteúdo Natural" e "Preocupação Ética". A pontuação média na ECN foi de 53,8, (± 9). "Apelo Sensorial" e "Preço" foram os fatores mais pontuados; "Preocupação Ética" ocupou a última posição. Houve associação positiva significativa da ECN com a pontuação nos fatores "Saúde" (p = 0,031), "Conteúdo Natural" (p = 0,001) e "Preocupação Ética" (p < 0,001). Os resultados desta pesquisa inédita permitiram concluir que aumentar conexão com a natureza pode favorecer escolhas alimentares mais saudáveis e sustentáveis.

Abstract Connectedness to nature can boost well-being and lead to healthier and more sustainable food choices. Health professionals have the potential to be key agents in promoting environmental health. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 146 primary healthcare professionals to determine the association betweennature connectedness and food choicemotives considered important for human and environmental health. We used the 14-item Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) and the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ), consisting of 36 items distributed between nine factors, including "health", "natural content", and "ethical concern". The average CNS score was 53.8 (± 9). The highest scoring factors of the FCQ were sensory appeal and price.Ethical concern was ranked last. There was a significant positive association between degree of nature connectedness and scoring for the factors health (p = 0.031), natural content (p = 0.001), and ethical concern (p <0.001). The results of this unprecedented studyshow that increased connectedness to nature may lead to healthier and more sustainable food choices.

Elevadas concentrações de metais em águas do córrego São José, Cascavel (PR), e possíveis riscos à saúde / High metal concentrations in the stream São José, Cascavel (PR) and possible health risks

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade da água do córrego São José, afluente do rio Boi Piguá, e seu risco à saúde da população do entorno do Aterro Sanitário Municipal da cidade de Cascavel (PR). Foram monitorados parâmetros físico-químicos e elementos em nível de traço, em quatro pontos ao longo do córrego São José durante vinte e quatro meses. Também foi aplicado questionário à população, que mantém contato com a água desse córrego. Foram detectadas concentrações dos elementos químicos As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Hg, Se e V em desconformidade aos limites máximos permitidos pela legislação ambiental, além dos valores de oxigênio dissolvido e condutividade elétrica. Verificou-se que a qualidade da água foi influenciada negativamente pela presença do aterro sanitário. Além disso, doenças gastrointestinais, dermatites e alterações organolépticas na água foram relatadas pela comunidade. Problemas de saúde da população no entorno podem estar possivelmente vinculados ao uso das águas do córrego

The water quality of the stream São José, an effluent of the river Boi Piguá, and health risks to the population living around the Municipal Landfill in Cascavel, Brazil, is assessed. Physical and chemical parameters and trace elements were monitored at four sites throughout the stream São José during twenty-four months. A questionnaire was applied to people who were in contact with water from the stream. Concentrations of the chemical elements As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Hg, Se and V were detected, in non-compliance with maximum limits permitted by environmental legislation, coupled to rates of dissolved oxygen and electric conductivity. Water quality was negatively affected by the proximity of the sanitary landfill. Gastrointestinal diseases, dermatitis and organoleptic modifications in the water were reported. Health problems of the people living in the area may be related to the use of the stream water

EFECTOS DEL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO EN LA ETNIA DE LOS QUILLACINGAS / EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE QUILLACINGAS ETHNIC GROUP

El presente artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo realizar una lectura etnográfica de las estrategias comunitarias que los cabildos indígenas quillacingas del municipio de Pasto han implementado para adaptarse y mitigar los efectos nocivos generados por el cambio climático sobre el paisaje cultural (geografía sagrada). El texto se enfoca en los efectos de este fenómeno sobre el buen vivir y el etnodesarrollo. La investigación adelantada corresponde al enfoque cualitativo de carácter hermenéutico, en donde se aplicó el método etnográfico, utilizándose las siguientes técnicas de recolección de la información: la entrevista, el taller y la observación participante. La unidad de trabajo estuvo conformada por doce integrantes de los cuatro cabildos quillacingas, para un total de cuarenta y ocho participantes entre miembros, líderes y personas mayores de 40 años que por su conocimiento del medio ambiente local se consideraron como informantes clave. El estudio permitió establecer que el cambio climático está generando efectos adversos sobre el buen vivir en la etnia de los quillacingas, especialmente debido a las alteraciones en la concepción del tiempo y en el manejo del territorio respecto a los ciclos de producción agrícola, los ritos estacionales, las labores tradicionales y las prácticas comunitarias, así como el consecuente desplazamiento de algunos miembros de la familia hacia las ciudades en búsqueda de oportunidades de vida que son esquivas para ellos. Todo esto ha contribuido a aumentar la pobreza y la miseria, la desprotección, la inseguridad y la violencia, el desarraigo hacia sus territorios y la pérdida de identidad cultural.

The objective of this research paper is to make an ethnographic reading of the community strategies that the Quillacingas ethnic group councils of the Municipality of Pasto have implemented to adapt and mitigate the harmful effects generated by climate change on the cultural landscape (sacred geography). The text focuses on the effects of this phenomenon on good living and ethno-development. The research carried out corresponds to the qualitative approach of hermeneutical nature, where the ethnographic method was applied using the following techniques of information gathering: the interview, the workshop and the participant observation. The work unit consisted of twelve members of the four Quillacingas councils, for a total of forty-eight participants among members, leaders and people over 40 years of age who, because of their knowledge of the local environment, were considered as key informants. The results allowed establishing that climate change is generating adverse effects on the good living in the Quillacingas ethnic group, specially due to the alterations in the conception of time and in the management of the territory regarding the cycles of agricultural production, seasonal rites, traditional tasks and Community practices, as well as the consequent displacement of some family members to the cities in search of life opportunities that are elusive for them. All this has contributed to increasing poverty and misery, lack of protection, insecurity and violence, uprooting towards their territories and the loss of cultural identity.

Manual Handling in Aged Care: Impact of Environment-related Interventions on Mobility

The manual handling of people (MHP) is known to be associated with high incidence of musculoskeletal disorders for aged care staff. Environment-related MHP interventions, such as appropriate seated heights to aid sit-to-stand transfers, can reduce staff injury while improving the patient's mobility. Promoting patient mobility within the manual handling interaction is an endorsed MHP risk control intervention strategy. This article provides a narrative review of the types of MHP environmental controls that can improve mobility, as well as the extent to which these environmental controls are considered in MHP risk management and assessment tools. Although a range of possible environmental interventions exist, current tools only consider these in a limited manner. Development of an assessment tool that more comprehensively covers environmental strategies in MHP risk management could help reduce staff injury and improve resident mobility through auditing existing practices and guiding the design of new and refurbished aged care facilities.

Discussion on Pollution-free Production Technology of Carthamus tinctorius / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

The problems of non-standard use of pesticides, and excessive pesticide residues and excessive heavy metal, etc. are common in the productive process of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and they are the factors restricting the sustainable development of safflower industry. Pollution-free production is an effective measure to ensure high quality of safflower. This paper summarized the environment of production area, selection of improved varieties for the production in the local places and its characteristics, the standardized comprehensive agronomic management and pollution-free rational fertilization technology. Additionally, the pollution-free control of safflower pests and diseases should follow the principle of priority to prevention and comprehensive prevention. Agricultural, biological and physical control should be preferred to use, and be combined with safe and low toxicity of chemical control. The standardization and industrialization of safflower production were realized by the construction of a comprehensive control technology system of pests and diseases of pollution-free safflower, which promoted the healthy development of the safflower plantation industry and achieved pollution-free standards.

Aspectos éticos y jurídicos de la salud ocupacional / Ethical and Legal Aspects of Occupational Health / Aspectos éticos e jurídicos da saúde ocupacional

Resumen La salud ocupacional cubre aspectos técnicos, médicos, sociales y jurídicos. Este artículo la analizó desde el bioderecho, específicamente los aspectos relacionados con los comportamientos de riesgo y sus factores de protección contenidos en instrumentos internacionales vinculantes, resoluciones y declaraciones emanados de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Organización Internacional del Trabajo, que buscan mejorar la seguridad y salud en el trabajo y medioambiente. Para ello hubo una revisión bibliográfica de documentos jurídicos y artículos científicos de referencia. El desafío es la concienciación de agentes decidores de políticas públicas y empresariales respecto de la complejidad que presenta el fenómeno del trabajo. También la implementación de buenas prácticas en los diversos sectores involucrados.

Abstract Occupational health covers technical, medical, social and legal aspects. This article analyzes it from the perspective of biodiversity, specifically aspects related to risky behavior and its protective factors that are contained in binding international instruments, resolutions and declarations issued by the World Health Organization and the International Labor Organization, which seek to improve safety and health at work and in the environment. A bibliographic review of legal documents and scientific articles of reference was conducted to that end. The challenge is to raise awareness among public and business policy-makers concerning the complexity of the phenomenon of work. The implementation of good practices in the various sectors involved is emphasized as well.

Resumo A saúde ocupacional abrange aspectos técnicos, médicos, sociais e jurídicos. Este artigo a analisou a partir do biodireito, especificamente os aspectos relacionados com os comportamentos de risco e seus fatores de proteção contidos em instrumentos internacionais vinculantes, resoluções e declarações emanadas da Organização Mundial da Saúde e da Organização Internacional do Trabalho, que procuram melhorar a segurança e a saúde no trabalho e no meio ambiente. Para isso, houve uma revisão bibliográfica de documentos jurídicos e artigos científicos de referência. O desafio é a conscientização de tomadores de decisão de políticas públicas e empresariais a respeito da complexidade que apresenta o fenômeno do trabalho. Também a implantação de boas práticas nos diversos setores envolvidos.

Reflexo da interação genótipo x ambiente sobre o melhoramento genético de feijão / Reflex of genotype x environment interaction on the genetic improvement of bean

RESUMO: O objetivo foi avaliar os componentes da variância fenotípica e estimar a influência da interação genótipo*ambiente no rendimento de grãos em feijão. Os componentes da variância fenotípica foram estimados pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita e do melhor preditor linear não viesado (REML/BLUP), juntamente com o espaço de inferência específico. As avaliações foram realizadas nas safras agrícolas de 2006/07 a 2011/12 no município de Lages/SC. Durante o período, 104 genótipos foram avaliados. Os dados são desbalanceados, sendo que 13 genótipos permaneceram nos ensaios em todos os anos. Observando os resultados, foi possível visualizar que a grande variação (59,0%) no comportamento dos genótipos ao longo dos anos é atribuída principalmente à variância do ambiente (σ2a=436.245). Houve diferença significativa entre genótipos para todos os ambientes. Porém, a diferença entre eles foi constante, ou seja, os genótipos não responderam de modo diferenciado frente aos ambientes. A interação genótipo*ambiente (σ2ga=1.368) responde preponderantemente por uma ínfima alteração (0,2%) na variação fenotípica, não discriminando de genótipos de feijão quanto ao rendimento de grãos em Lages/SC. Este fato favorece programas de melhoramento vegetal, onde a interação genótipo*ambiente poderia dificultar a distinção, seleção e recomendação de constituições genotípicas superiores. Nessa situação, processos de recomendação de cultivares (ensaio de valor de cultivo e uso - VCU) que mantenham os mesmos genótipos dispensam avaliações sucessivas, pois o ranqueamento é paralelo no decorrer dos anos.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to evaluate the phenotypic variance components and estimate the influence of interaction genotype*environment in grain yield of beans. The variance components were estimated by the method restricted maximum likelihood and best linear unbiased prediction (REML / BLUP), along with the specific space of inference. Data were collected during the crop seasons 2006/07 to 2011/12 in Lages, SC - Brazil. During this period, 104 genotypes were evaluated. The data are unbalanced and 13 genotypes remained presents in all the assays years. Observing the results it was possible to see that the large variation (59.0%) in the performance of genotypes over the years is primarily attributable to the variance of the environment (σ2a=436245). There were significant differences among genotypes for all environments, but the difference between them were constant, ie, the genotypes did not respond differently in environments. Genotype*environment responds primarily by very small changes (0.2%) in the phenotypic variation (σ2ga=1368), with no parameters to discriminate the grain yield of genotypes in Lages, SC - Brazil. This fact makes easier the selection in plant breeding programs, where interaction genotype*environment could hinder distinction and selection of superior genotypic constitutions. In this situation, the processes of recommendation from improved lines (assay value for cultivation and use - VCU) that maintain the same genotypes dispense successive evaluations, since the ranking is parallel over the years.

Effect of different states of the environment to the rehabilitation process and complications of preterm infants in the different environment in neonatal intensive care unit / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effect of different states of the environment to the rehabilitation process and complications of preterm infants in the different environment in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods 120 premature infants were divided into observation group and control group with 60 cases in each group by random digital table method. The control group was treated with routine nursing model, while observation group was treated with bird nest nursing, lower noise and using cyclic lights. Oxygen time and hospitalization time, increasing about body weight, sleeping time on the twenty-eighth days and the incidence of complications between the two groups were compared. Results The hospitalization and oxygen time were (41.79±2.51)days and (11.45±5.22)days respectively in the observation group, those were shorter obviously than that in the control group [(45.32±3.85)days and(15.52±5.89)days, t=5.95, 4.01, P<0.01].The growth of body weight was (17.36±2.94) g/d, the sleeping time on the twenty-eighth day was (21.18 ±0.39)hours in the observation group. It was increased than that in the control group [(13.48±4.63)g/d and(19.56±0.45)hours], and the difference was significant(t=5.48, 21.07, P<0.01). The incidences of nosocomial infection and feeding intolerance in the observation group were reduced significantly, the difference was significant ( X2=7.06, 8.71, P<0.01). Conclusions Improving the environment in NICU can prevent the adverse factors on premature infants, promote the recovery and growth of premature infants.

Preocupación amiiental entre población universiaria: representaciones socialess e implicación personal en temas ambientales en la universidad de aniooquia / Envirnmental conncern among university population: social representations and personal involvement in environmental issues at university of antioquia

En el artículo, derivado de investigación, se muestran las dificultades identificadas en la ciudadela de la Universidad de Antioquia al momento de construir una definición de ambiente en la cual se incluya al ser humano como parte integral del mismo. Para tal fin se aplicaron dos encuestas, la primera que fue denominada "prueba piloto" sirvió para afinar las preguntas usadas en el campo de la psicología a la hora de abordar la preocupación ambiental, ésta es, la escala de Likert; la segunda, fue la encuesta depurada y aplicada entre empleados, docentes y estudiantes de la ciudad universitaria, que ofreció los elementos necesarios para analizar las representaciones sociales del ambiente que comprenden la valoración de los problemas ambientales, el nivel de implicación personal y la capacidad de acción, permitiendo una lectura desde la perspectiva antropológica de las relaciones entre los humanos y el ambiente en ese contexto social.

This article, derived from research, shows the difficulties identified in the Citadel of the University of Antioquia when it comes to constructing a definition of the environment in which the human being, as an integral part, must be included. For this purpose, two surveys were applied, the first one which was called "a pilot test" served to refine the questions used in the field of psychology in addressing environmental concerns, this is, the Likert scale; the second one, was a refined survey that was applied among employees, teachers, and students, at the University Campus, which offered the elements needed to analyze the social representations comprising the assessment of environmental problems, the level of personal involvement, and the capacity of action, allowing a reading from the anthropological perspective of relationships between humans and the environment in this social context.

La evolución del aprendizaje: más allá de las redes neuronales / The evolution of learning: beyond neural networks

El tema del aprendizaje, ha sido ampliamente estudiado desde distintas perspectivas y en años recientes gracias al avance tecnológico, ha sido parte de diversos estudios con redes neuronales artificiales, las cuales tienen un punto de engranaje con la evolución de sistemas complejos. El desarrollo de éstas ha permitido comprender cómo la naturaleza ha dotado a los sistemas con la habilidad para adaptarse al medio, que es la línea que permite la pervivencia de las especies, lo cual puede ser clave para la comprensión del aprendizaje, y su necesidad de desarrollarse como un sistema flexible. El presente artículo, centra la investigación en la pregunta: cómo es que el proceso de aprendizaje llegó al cerebro?, y analiza el papel de diversos factores evolutivos relacionados con dicho proceso, desde las proteínas que han heredado la capacidad de ser flexibles en el entorno y cómo este proceso se aplica a sistemas más complejos como las redes neuronales, las cuales han ido moldeando sus características para permitir procesos cognitivos de orden superior como la lectura y la escritura como respuesta evolutiva a la cultura, las cuales se han desarrollado hasta alojarse en la neocorteza, lo cual por supuesto permite el desarrollo del connectome, que se caracteriza por la aprehensión de toda acción capaz de crear una respuesta adaptativa al medio.

with artificial neural networks, which have a point of gear with the evolution of complex systems. The development of these processes have enabled to understand how nature has provided systems with the ability to adapt to the environment, which is the line that allows the survival of the species, which may be the key to understanding of learning and its need to develop as a flexible system. This article focus on the question: How did learning process arrive to the brain? So it discusses the role of diverse evolutionary factors related to learning, since the proteins which have inherited the ability to be flexible into the environment andhow this process is applied to complex systems such as neural networks, which have been shaping their characteristics to allow cognitive processes of a higher order such as reading and writing as the evolutionary response to culture and how this makes possible to net on the neocortex, which of course allows the development of the connectome, a network characterized by the apprehension of any action which is capable of creating an adaptive response to the environment.

Novos sonhos de verão sem fim: surfe, mulheres e outros modos de representação / New endless summer dreams: surf, women and others representations / Nuevos sueños de verano sin fin: surf, mujeres y otros modos de representación

Este artigo pretende analisar a maneira que o filme Blue Cruch (2002) - no Brasil A onda dos sonhos - captura, representa e difunde sentidos sobre o surfe. O fundamento da iniciativa é o de que filmes como esse, captam o que a prática de esportes simboliza, atribuindo-lhes assim significados que podem ser interpretados a partir deles mesmos. Nesse caso, três elementos do seu enredo foram tomados como eixo de análise: i) o modo de representação da mulher; ii) a crescente comodificação como forma de se relacionar com esta modalidade; iii) a tendência realística-documental dos filmes de surfe. São dimensões que dramatizam dinâmicas culturais desta modalidade, encerrando uma ambivalência que traduz as disputas, clivagens e tensões próprias a qualquer prática cultural.

This article intends to analyze the way that the film Blue Crush (2002) captures, represents and spreads out senses on surf. The premise of this reflection is that the films as themselves catch the practical of sports symbolize, attributing meanings that can be interpreted from that own contends. In this case, three elements of its plot had been taken as analysis axle: i) the way of representation of the woman; ii) the increasing commodification as form of relation with this modality; iii) the realistic-documentary trend of surf films. They are dimensions that they stage dynamic cultural of this modality, locking up an ambivalence that translates the proper disputes and tensions to any practical cultural.

Este artículo se prepone analizar la manera que la película Blue Crush (2002) captura, representa y hace la difusión de sentidos sobre el surf. El fundamento de la iniciativa es que películas como ésta, cogen el simbolismo del deportes, atribuyendo así significados a ellos que se puedan interpretar desde ellos mismos. En esto en caso, tres elementos hubiera sido tomada para su análisis: i) la representación de la mujer; ii) la comodificación cada vez mayor como forma de si se relacionar con esta modalidad; iii) La tendencia realista-documental de las películas de surf. Son dimensiones que dramatizan dinámicas culturales en esta modalidad y demarcan una ambivalencia que traduce los conflictos y las tensiones propria a las practicas culturales.

A regulação do uso de animais no Brasil do século XX e o processo de formação do atual regime aplicado à pesquisa biomédica / Regulation of the use of animals in Brazil in the twentieth century and the process of forming the current regime applied to biomedical research

O artigo analisa a política pública e regulatória do Brasil sobre o uso de animais no ensino e na pesquisa biomédica. Aborda o arcabouço institucional-legal e a situação jurídica da proteção dos animais no país, além do debate legislativo que resultou na promulgação da lei 11.794/2008, que estabelece procedimentos para o uso científico de animais. Ressalta algumas características do atual regime regulatório e tece considerações de ordem teórico-metodológica, voltadas para a ampliação do entendimento do fenômeno investigado.