O que Terapeutas Comportamentais Aprendem para sua Prática Clínica na Relação Terapêutica? / What Do the Behavioral Therapists Learn for their Clinical Practice in the Therapeutic Relationship? / ¿Qué Aprenden los Terapeutas Conductuales para su Práctica Clínica en la Relación Terapéutica?

De acordo com a visão vigente, aprende-se a ser psicoterapeuta comportamental em cursos, onde se ensinam teoria, intervenções e técnicas; e na supervisão, onde a atuação do terapeuta é aprimorada. O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar uma terceira via de aprendizagem. O que os terapeutas aprendem na relação com seus clientes? Foram entrevistados 14 terapeutas analítico-comportamentais, cognitivo comportamentais ou comportamentais contextuais, a respeito do que aprenderam com seus clientes para sua prática clínica. A análise das transcrições foi pautada nos preceitos da grounded theory analysis. Os resultados sugerem que os terapeutas aprendem sobre algumas coordenadas importantes do processo terapêutico: a singularidade de cada cliente, a responsabilidade do cliente e do terapeuta para o processo e sobre as suas limitações como terapeuta. Expandem suas competências clínicas: como enxergar além de rótulos e julgamentos, assumir uma postura terapêutica, flexibilidade e autenticidade. Adquirem estratégias clínicas, aprendem a ceder espaço para o cliente, a respeitar o tempo do cliente e responder às suas necessidades. Finalmente, aprendem a manejar riscos e contrariedades, a lidar com a proximidade no relacionamento, como usar dos seus equívocos a favor da terapia e conduzir aspectos burocráticos da sua profissão.

According to the current view, the role of a behavioral therapist is trained in courses which theory, interventions and techniques are taught and in clinical supervision supervision where the beginner's performance is shaped. The aim of this study was to explore a third learning pathway. What do therapists learn in their relationship with their clients? Fourteen behavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapists were interviewed about what they learned from their clients. The transcripts were examined according to the precepts of grounded theory analysis. The results suggest that therapists learn about important coordinates of the therapeutic process: the uniqueness of each client, the client's and therapist's responsibility in the process, and also about therapists limitations. They expand their clinical competencies: how to see beyond labels and evaluations, to assume a therapeutic stance, be flexible and authentic. They acquire clinical strategies, learning to allow due space to the client, to respect the client's time and to respond to their needs. Finally, they learn how to manage risks and setbacks, to deal with closeness in the relationship, take advantage of their errors in favor of therapy and how to manage bureaucratic aspects of their profession.

Según la visión actual, la profesión de psicoterapeuta se aprende de los profesores que imparten teoría, intervenciones y técnicas y de los supervisores que acompañan la actuación. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar una tercera vía de aprendizaje: ¿qué aprenden los terapeutas con sus clientes? Se entrevistó a catorce terapeutas conductuales y cognitivo-conductuales sobre lo que aprendieron con sus clientes. El análisis de datos se basó en los preceptos del análisis de teoría fundamentada. Los resultados sugieren que los terapeutas aprenden sobre las coordenadas importantes del proceso terapéutico: la singularidad de cada cliente, la responsabilidad del cliente y del terapeuta por el proceso y sus limitaciones como terapeuta. Los terapeutas amplían sus competencias clínicas: cómo ver más allá de las etiquetas y los juicios, adoptar una postura terapéutica, desarrollar flexibilidad y autenticidad. Adquirir estrategias clínicas, aprender a darle espacio al cliente, respetar el tiempo del cliente y responder a sus necesidades. Finalmente, aprenden a gestionar los riesgos y contratiempos, a lidiar con la proximidad al cliente, a aprovechar los conceptos erróneos a favor de la terapia y a gestionar los aspectos burocráticos de su profesión.

Assessment of Saudi Physicians and Physical Therapists' Adherence to the Updated Clinical Practice Guideline for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Introduction Variations in clinical practice regarding the management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) among clinicians have been noted in previous studies. Such variations might be related to the different adherence to clinical practice guidelines. Objective To evaluate clinicians' adherence to BPPV guidelines and investigate the variations in the adherence between different specialties and qualifications. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with a vignettes-based survey conducted between June and August, 2020. We included clinicians engaged in managing BPPV that had at least one year of clinical experience. We excluded students, and clinicians who were not involved in the management of individuals with BPPV. Participants were asked to make their management choices based on four hypothetical patient vignettes. The sample ranged from 77 participants for the first vignette to 45 participants for the last vignette. Results We included 77 clinicians in the study, with the majority being Otolaryngologists (31.2%). The respondents' mean adherence to the guideline was of 63.3%. Result showed that Otolaryngologists' adherence was higher than that of clinicians from different specialties (p = 0.006, d = 0.72). Furthermore, clinicians with a postgraduate degree were more likely to adhere than those with a bachelor's degree only (p = 0.014, d = 0.58) and participants who were aware of the guideline were more likely to adhere to it (p < 0.001, d = 1.05). Lastly, regression analysis exhibited that adherence was affected by postgraduate degree and guideline awareness. Conclusion Otolaryngologists were more likely to adhere to the guideline than other specialties. Among all specialties, higher adherence was associated with guideline awareness and postgraduate degrees.

7. Rainbow Network for Rehabilitation Specialists (Nijiiro Rehab Net) / 医学教育

Rainbow Network for Rehabilitation Specialists (Niijiro Rehab Net) is a voluntary organization of rehabilitation professionals interested in SOGI (Sexual Orientation & Gender Identity).　Members from various professions and fields have come together under the common understanding that SOGI is important in rehabilitation. Since its establishment in 2020, journal clubs, online training sessions, and education at schools have been conducted.　"Rehabilitation" means "total restoration of human rights". It is necessary to continue extending our activities, focusing on how professionals could contribute to people with various SOGI conditions so they may "live as they are".

4. Pilot Education Programs Regarding SOGI for Social Worker Students and Occupational Therapy Students / 医学教育

The number of medical and social work professional training schools that provide SOGI education is quite few. This paper introduces pilot SOGI education programs for social workers and occupational therapists. In order to improve understanding of the situations in which Sexual and Gender Minority (SGM) are placed, SOGI education programs have consisted of knowledge of SGM, health disparities among SGM, majority privilege theory, social justice theory, etc. Educational practices increased and improved the amount of knowledge about SGM, awareness of SGM existence, and the need for more knowledge. The Importance of pre-graduate education of SOGI for the medical and social work students was discussed.

Effect of standardized training of rehabilitation therapists in Beijing based on rehabilitation competency framework / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of standardized training on post competency of rehabilitation therapists, based on World Health Organization rehabilitation competency framework (RCF), and combined with the characteristics of rehabilitation and the requirements of standardized training in China. MethodsFrom 2018 to 2022, a total of 30 rehabilitation therapists who participated in the standardized training were selected. Before and after the standardized training, the closed-book theoretical assessment and Mini-clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX) assessment were carried out, and a 360-Degree Evaluation scale was distributed to their teachers, peers and patients. Through multi-dimensional post competency analysis, the data obtained from the scales were combined with the five dimensions of basic theoretical knowledge, clinical practice ability, medical humanities literacy, scientific research and teaching ability, and organizational management ability to analyze the effect of standardized training on post competency of rehabilitation therapists. ResultsAfter training, the therapists improved in theory and case analysis (Z > 2.716, P < 0.05). They also improved in medical interview skills, physical examination, humane care/professionalism, clinical judgment ability and overall clinical level (Z > 2.162, P < 0.05) according to Mini-CEX. The medical ethics, daily work, management ability, social ability, interpersonal communication ability, basic professional ability and operation ability improved (Z > 1.978, P < 0.05) according to the 360-Degree Evaluation scale. The effect of standardized training was significant in basic theoretical knowledge, clinical practice ability and medical humanities literacy by the post competency analysis model. ConclusionThe effect of standardized training of rehabilitation therapists is significant, and the therapists can be competent for daily work in diagnosis and treatment after training.

Current status of pediatric respiratory therapist / 中国小儿急救医学

Respiratory therapist is a new profession in medicine, who works therapeutically with people suffering from pulmonary disease.Their timely treatments of patients with cardiopulmonary insufficiency can significantly reduce mortality in pediatric intensive care units.This review focused on the responsibilities of respiratory therapists, the importance of respiratory support therapy in children, and the most updated development in China as well as the problems to be solved.

Factors related to career development and transformation of rehabilitation therapists / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo investigate the current situation of rehabilitation therapists' work, and analyze the factors related to their career development and transformation. MethodsFrom September, 2022 to January, 2023, 153 rehabilitation therapists in Weifang were investigated with a cross-sectional questionnaire, using general questionnaire, Job Satisfaction Scale for Grassroots Health Technicians, Social Responsibility Scale, Job Role and Identity Inventory, and Employee Turnover Scale. ResultsThe majority of rehabilitation therapists interviewed were male (52.28%), under 35 years old (88.24%), with a bachelor's degree (77.78%), income less than 5 000 yuan a month (46.40%), and less than five years of service (48.36%). The work time was (7.78±0.84) hours a day, (5.39±0.51) days a week. The favorable rate of the physical environment of work was 67.32%, and the favorable rate of the interpersonal relationship environment of work was 80.39%. The score of professional identity was (3.61±0.84), the score of job satisfaction was (3.62±0.97), the score of social responsibility was (3.53±0.79), and the score of turnover was (2.39±1.10). Education level, job satisfaction, and social responsibility were the main factors related to the employee turnover (P < 0.05). ConclusionThe overall educational level of rehabilitation therapists is relatively low, and the human resource structure needs to be optimized. There is a significant difference between academic education and continuing education, and career development needs to be improved. The main factors related to career development and transformation are education level, job satisfaction, and social responsibility.

Nível de atividade física de fisioterapeutas de um hospital público / Level of physical activity of physical therapists at a public hospital

Objetivo: avaliar o nível de atividade física dos fisioterapeutas e identificar o perfil socioeconômico desses profissionais de um hospital público de grande porte em Goiânia. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal e quantitativo realizado de abril a agosto de 2020. Foram incluídos fisioterapeutas de ambos os sexos, contratados há no mínimo seis meses, e que assinaram o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Excluídos da pesquisa aqueles em férias ou licença médica no período da coleta de dados. Para avaliar o nível de atividade física utilizou-se o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ), e um questionário para conhecer o perfil socioeconômico desses profissionais. As variáveis contínuas foram apresentadas como média e desvio padrão, enquanto as categóricas, em frequência absoluta e relativa. Resultados: Grande parte dos indivíduos é do sexo feminino (73,5%) com maior prevalência de inativos (76%), sendo que (49,9%) cumprem carga horária maior que 30 horas semanais. Do total da amostra (61,8%) tem pelo menos especialização na sua formação profissional. Conclusão: Os fisioterapeutas do serviço público apresentam o nível de atividade física reduzido, com maior proporção classificados como inativos, segundo a OMS.

Purpose: evaluate the level of physical activity of physical therapists and identify the socioeconomic profile of these professionals in a large public hospital in Goiânia. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional and quantitative study carried out from April to August 2020. Physical therapists of both sexes, hired for at least six months, and who signed a free and informed consent form, were included. The research excluded those on vacation or sick leave during the data collection period. In order to assess the level of physical activity, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used, as well as a questionnaire to learn about the socioeconomic profile of these professionals. Continuous variables were presented as mean and standard deviation, while categorical variables were in absolute and relative frequency. Results: Most of the individuals are female (73.5%) with a higher prevalence of inactive people (76%), and (49.9%) working more than 30 hours per week. From the total sample, 61.8% were at least specialists in their areas. Conclusion: Public service physical therapists have a reduced level of physical activity, with a greater proportion being classified as inactive, according to WHO.

Política educativa y asignación del tiempo para la práctica fonoaudiológica: experiencia de fonoaudiólogos/as con más de 20 años de ejercicio laboral en contextos educativos / Educational policy and time assignment for speech therapy practice from the experience of speech therapists with over 20 years' professional practice in educational contexts

El trabajo de fonoaudiólogos (as) en contextos educativos es esencial para estudiantes que presentan necesidades educativas especiales. Sin embargo, poco se sabe respecto a cómo influye la asignación del tiempo otorgado por la política educativa en sus prácticas fonoaudiológicas. El presente estudio analizó por primera vez en Chile la experiencia de fonoaudiólogos (as) con más de 20 años de ejercicio laboral respecto de la asignación del tiempo definido por la política pública para la práctica fonoaudiológica que se lleva a cabo en los entornos educativos. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con enfoque construccionista-narrativo. Se realizaron cinco entrevistas semiestructuradas a fonoaudiólogos con más de veinte años de experiencia laboral en educación a través de un análisis de contenido de tipo deductivo. Los resultados muestran que la práctica fonoaudiológica presenta desafíos provenientes de aspectos administrativos, organizativos y prácticos que surgen de una política pública que no define de manera clara la asignación de tiempo y su distribución en las funciones propias del rol fonoaudiológico en educación. El aporte de esta investigación pionera en la temática,es que los fonoaudiólogos entrevistados sugieren cambios a la política implementada a partir de los ajustes que han realizado en sus prácticas profesionales tras 20 años de experiencia laboral. Es necesario continuar en la investigación sobre el ejercicio del rol fonoaudiológico en contextos educativos con el fin de mejorar la práctica profesional y contribuir a la política educativa implementada.

Speech therapists' work in educational contexts is essential for students presenting special educational needs. However, little is known about the influence of the amount of time granted by educational policy in speech therapists' professional practice.The present study did the first analysis in Chile of the experience of speech therapists with over 20 years of professional experience regarding the amount of time defined in public policy for speech therapists' practice carried out in educational environments. A qualitative study with a constructionist-narrative focus was done. Five semi-structured interviews were carried out with speech therapists who had over 20 years' professional educational experience via an inductive-type content analysis. Results showed that speech therapists' practice presents challenges arising from administrative, organizational and practical aspects emerging from a public policy which does not clearly define time assignment and its distribution in the functions pertaining to speechtherapists' educational role. The contribution of this pioneering research on the subject is that the speech therapists interviewed suggest changes to the policy implemented on the basis of the adjustments they have made in their professional practices after 20 years of work experience. It is necessary to continue research on the exercise of the role of speech therapists in educational contexts in order to improve professional practice and contribute to the educational policy implemented.

Study on the role of ET-led one-to-one teaching method in the wound stoma teaching of gastrointestinal surgery residents / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the role of one-to-one teaching led by international enterostomal therapist (ET) in the standardized training of wound stoma in gastrointestinal surgery.Methods:A total of 36 interns who underwent standardized training in the Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University from July 2019 to January 2020 were selected as the control group, and the traditional teaching was adopted. Other 38 interns who were trained from May 2020 to October 2020 wre grouped into research group, and ET-led one-to-one teaching was adopted. The scores of theoretical knowledge and practical operation skills of gastrointestinal surgery wound stoma were compared between the two groups after the training, and the scores of case analysis, problem analysis and solving, knowledge application and comprehensive ability before and after the training were compared. Besides, satisfaction with methods and teaching effectiveness was compared. SPSS 25.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:The clinical theoretical knowledge [(93.45±5.28) vs. (90.11±6.39)] and practical operation skills assessment scores [(92.25±6.18) vs. (89.13±5.36)] of the research group were all significantly higher than those of the control group after training ( P<0.05); the scores of case analysis ability, problem analysis and solving ability, knowledge application ability, and comprehensive ability of the two groups after the training were significantly higher than those before the training ( P<0.05), and the above scores in the research group were all higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05); the satisfaction of the interns in the study group with teaching methods and teaching effects was higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Applying ET-led one-to-one teaching to the wound and stoma teaching of gastrointestinal surgery residents can significantly improve their assessment performance, teaching satisfaction, and the teaching effect, and improve their case analysis ability, problem analysis and solving ability, knowledge application ability, and comprehensive ability.

Analysis on the status quo of lymphedema nursing clinics in 60 hospitals / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the present situation of lymphedema clinics in 60 hospitals and provide reference for the management and development of lymphedema nursing clinic.Methods:Convenience sampling method was used to select 60 hospitals that had set up lymphedema nursing outpatient service. A self-designed questionnaire was conducted for the heads of lymphedema nursing clinics from June 10th 2021 to August 15th, 2021 using electronic questionnaires.Results:Lymphedema clinics had been opened since 2015 and developed rapidly in recent years. The outpatient service mainly took the form of specialized outpatient service for lymphedema, accounted for 61.67%(37/60), and also existed in the form of combined breast rehabilitation, ostomy, catheter maintenance, etc. There was a great difference in the frequency of outpatient service in hospitals, 46.67%(28/60) had outpatient service every day, 36.67% (22/60) had outpatient service only half a day every week. The number of outpatient patients was relatively low, 61.67%(37/60) of the hospitals had no more than 10 patients per week, and only 8.33% (5/60) had more than 50 patients per week. There were only 26 full-time nurses accounted for 14.94%(26/174), and the international lymphedema therapist certification rate was 36.21% (63/174). Training institutions included foreign introduced training programs, domestic and foreign cooperation programs, overseas training and local training, etc. 100.00% (60/60) of the hospitals participating in the survey adopted comprehensive detumescence therapy, combined with auxiliary motor muscle energy binding technology 51.67% (31/60), air wave pressure therapy 48.33% (29/60), traditional Chinese medicine therapy 16.67% (10/60), etc. According to the survey of charging situation, only 14 hospitals accounted for 23.33%(14/60) had special charging, among which 12 hospitals accounted for 20.00%(12/60) had official charging approval.Conclusions:Lymphedema clinics have been developed and the ranks of lymphedema therapists are growing. The relevant departments should strengthen the standard management of lymphedema clinic, clarify the qualifications of visiting personnel, establish the standard of outpatient fees, promote the sustainable development of lymphedema clinic, and finally improve the quality of life of patients with lymphedema.

Commonly used outcome measurement tools in pediatric physical therapy telerehabilitation in the Philippines: A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study protocol

BACKGROUND@#With the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for social distancing presents an apparent barrier to in-clinic consultation. Therefore, the adoption of telerehabilitation has rapidly increased to improve access and minimize cross-infection risk to patients. Nevertheless, Filipino pediatric physical therapists must ensure that they conduct evidence-based procedures for specific tests and measures to determine patient outcomes. The utilization of outcome measurement tools (OMTs) enhances the quality of assessment in clinical decision-making and provides a credible and reliable justification for treatment on an individual patient level. However, a lack of information on utilizing OMTs in telerehabilitation by pediatric physical therapists internationally and locally is evident@*OBJECTIVE@#To determine the most common pediatric OMTs used in telerehabilitation by Filipino pediatric physical therapists catering to 0 to 21-year-olds in the Philippines.@*METHODS@#The study will use an adapted questionnaire to gather data on common OMTs used during pediatric telerehabilitation. Phase I will include the validation of the 15-item adapted questionnaire by determining the content validity index. In Phase II, participants will be recruited through email and social media. Descriptive statistics will be used to report participants' responses@*EXPECTED RESULTS@#In Phase I, the expected result is a valid and reliable questionnaire to investigate the common OMTs used in pediatric telerehabilitation for Phase II. The results will be synthesized to inform other researchers and clinicians and encourage nonusers to utilize OMTs despite the challenge of the pandemic. The study can give insights to stakeholders on what OMTs optimize pediatric telerehabilitation.

Development and content validation of a questionnaire on the perception of PPE usage in response to COVID-19 for Filipino physical therapists: A study protocol

BACKGROUND@#The COVID-19 pandemic has led to innumerable challenges in the practice of physical therapy (PT) in both local and global settings. Healthcare settings often use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to prevent contamination. Despite its benefits, compliance is challenged by issues such as discomfort, availability, accessibility, and individual perception. @*OBJECTIVES@#Considering the contrasting roles and nature of healthcare practitioners' work and the differences in the demands of PPE usage, this study aims to develop a profession-specific questionnaire on the perceptions of physical therapists on PPE usage in response to the COVID-19 pandemic with good face and content validity.@*METHODS@#The study comprises Phase 1 for questionnaire development and Phase 2 for questionnaire validation. Five experts recruited using purposive sampling participated in three rounds of the validation process. Each expert evaluated the face and content validity through Google Forms. Consequently, an expert panel evaluation to reach a consensus on the final items. Google sheets were utilized for analysis.@*EXPECTED RESULTS@# The final questionnaire will have 35 items covering the Health Belief Theory domains. All items will receive FVI (overall agreement scores), I-CVI, S-CVI/Ave, and S-CVI/UA scores that meet the cut-off. The final questionnaire will be useful in evaluating physical therapists' perceptions of using PPE due to COVID-19 and may also be helpful to organizations, policymakers, and other entities in their decision-making for PPE protocols, guidelines, and implementation. Future researchers can use this study to conduct a pilot study that assesses other psychometric properties of the tool.

Estilo personal del terapeuta en psicólogos pasantes en proyecto piloto en universidad Santo Tomás, sede la Serena / Personal style of the therapist in psychologists in basic intervention skills training: a pilot project at university Santo Tomas, la Serena

La presente investigación presenta la relación entre el proceso formativo en entrenamiento de habilidades básicas de intervención y el estilo personal del terapeuta (EPT), en un grupo de 10 pasantes en el Centro de Atención Psicológica CAPS La Serena, Psicólogas/os egresadas/os en el 2018 de la carrera de Psicología de la Universidad Santo Tomás, sede La Serena. El diseño del estudio es preexperimental de tipo longitudinal, con aplicación pre o post, con el cuestionario del estilo personal del terapeuta o EPT-C (Fernández Álvarez, Garcia, LoBianco y Corbella, 2003), instrumento autoadministrado con 36 afirmaciones en una escala Likert del 1 al 7 según el grado de acuerdo, que permite un análisis multidimensional de las funciones del constructo EPT, instruccional, atencional, expresiva, operacional e involucración. Se describen los resultados de la aplicación EPT-C pre y post entrenamiento, en tanto, no se observan cambios significativos en la muestra.

This research introduces the relationship between the formative process in basic intervention skills training and the Personal Style of the Therapist (PST) in a group of 10 interns at the Centro de Atención Psicológica CAPS, La Serena. The interns are psychologists who graduated from the psychology career of the Universidad Santo Tomás in 2018, La Serena campus. This study has a pre-experimental and longitudinal design, with pre-test or post-test application. The Personal Style of the Therapist Questionnaire or PST-Q (Fernández Álvarez, Garcia, LoBianco and Corbella, 2003) was used as a self-administered instrument with 36 responses on a Likert-type scale from 1 to 7 according to the level of agreement, which allows multidimensional analysis of the functions of the PST construct: instructional, attentional, expressive, operational and involvement. The result describes the pre and post-training PST-Q application with no significant changes in the sample.

Comparación del estilo personal del terapeuta y dimensiones de personalidad antes y después de las prácticas clínicas pre-profesionales en estudiantes de psicología / Comparison of Therapist Personal Style and Personality Dimensions before and after pre-professional clinical practice in psychology students

En los últimos años, se ha formado un cuerpo creciente de investigación sobre el estilo personal del terapeuta, entendido como un modo propio y personal de ejercer en la clínica (Fernández-Álvarez & García, 1998). Su profundización ha permitido conocer cómo se asocia con el ámbito de trabajo, la línea teórica y la personalidad. No obstante, pocos son los estudios que han investigado este constructo en estudiantes. Por tanto, se pretende evaluar si existen modificaciones en el estilo y en la personalidad tras el entrenamiento clínico en la carrera de grado, y analizar las relaciones entre ambos aspectos. Se trabajó con 77 estudiantes del último año de psicología, que fueron evaluados antes y después de sus prácticas pre-profesionales clínicas con el Cuestionario de Estilo Personal del Terapeuta (Fernández-Álvarez et al., 2003) y el Big Five Inventory (John, 1990). Los resultados apuntan a un aumento de la cercanía emocional y una menor rigidez en el encuadre terapéutico, así como un incremento de la sociabilidad y de la estabilidad emocional luego de las prácticas. El modo en que se relacionan estos factores presenta variaciones respecto estudios con terapeutas en ejercicio, lo que da cuenta de que existen importantes diferencias entre ambos grupos

In recent years, a growing body of research has been conducted on the personal style of the therapist, understood as a personal way of practising in the clinic (Fernández-Álvarez & García, 1998). Its deepening has allowed us to know how it is associated with the field of work, the theoretical line and personality. However, few studies have investigated this construct in students. Therefore, the aim was to assess whether there are modifications in style and personality after undergraduate clinical training and to analyse the relationships between both aspects. We worked with 77 final-year psychology students assessed before and after their pre-professional clinical practice with the Therapist Personal Style Questionnaire (Fernández-Álvarez et al., 2003) and the Big Five Inventory (John, 1990). The results point to an increase in emotional closeness and less rigidity in the therapeutic setting and an increase in sociability and emotional stability after the internship. The relations among these factors show variations regarding studies with practising therapists, which shows that there are essential differences between the two groups

The role of respiratory therapists in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 patients in China / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To investigate the clinical practice of Chinese respiratory therapists (RTs) participating in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and summarize the experience and role of RTs in the treatment of pandemic infectious diseases.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the RTs who treated COVID-19 patients in 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in China. The survey questionnaire included the basic work of RTs, the specific work of the treatment for COVID-19 patients and problems encountered at work.Results:A total of 126 questionnaires were issued and 40 valid questionnaires were collected from RTs who treated COVID-19 patients at 22 COVID-19 designated hospitals in 8 provinces and municipalities. This included 7 hospitals in Wuhan, the epicenter of the epidemic. In their medical team, RTs accounted for 2.9% (1.5%, 6.7%) of medical staff, the working experience of the RTs was about (6.2±5.4) years, the ratio of RTs to beds was about 1∶11 (1∶5, 1∶26), and 85.0% (34/40) of RTs were transferred from other hospitals. 97.5% (39/40) of RTs were involved in formulating individual respiratory care strategies in their medical teams, and they were all involved in the evaluation of respiratory care and decision-making as well as the early identification of deterioration of respiratory function. All RTs [100% (40/40)] indicated that they would actively monitor patients' respiratory status, increase the means and frequency of the monitoring, implement standardized oxygen therapy, prevent ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI), and standardize the management of artificial airway. However, less than 50% of RTs had carried out stress and strain, transpulmonary pressure, partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO 2), end-expiratory lung volume, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and other respiratory function monitoring. 85% of RTs conducted training and education related to respiratory care and formulated relevant standard operating procedures for their medical teams. More than 90% of RTs led the implementation of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC), pulmonary protective mechanical ventilation, prone ventilation, pulmonary rehabilitation, airway management, transfer of critical patients, and other respiratory treatment. Conclusions:RTs performed their professional role fully in the assessment, decision-making, and clinical practice in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. However, the manpower shortage of RTs is extremely prominent, the practical experience has provided the basis for the future treatment of infectious respiratory diseases and effectively promoted the development of respiratory care in China.

Competency Model of Physical Therapists in China: An Exploratory Research / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To construct the competency model of physical therapists in China. Methods:A set of physical therapists' competency elements was established based on literature review and expert interviews. A questionnaire was designed based on the set, and 641 rehabilitation practitioners were investigated (521 valid questionnaires returned) with the questionnaire. Exploration factor analysis was used to construct the competency model of physical therapists, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirmed. Results:The set of physical therapists' competency elements included 74 elements in four dimensions. There were 44 competency elements in the competency model of physical therapists, including five dimensions that were Professionalism and Moral Conduct, Knowledge and Skills of Evaluation and Intervention, Abilities of Educational-Research and Advocate, Abilities of Cooperation and Management, and Basic Knowledge of Discipline, covering 74.41% of the total variance. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the whole questionnaire and each dimension was more than 0.8. Model fitness indexes of confirmatory factor analysis were as follow: χ2/df = 2.340, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.060, Goodness of Fit Index = 0.746, Normed Fit Index = 0.811, Incremental Fit Index = 0.850, Comparative Fit Index = 0.850. Conclusion:The competency model can provide a basis for physical therapists to become independent occupation, as well as for the education, selection, evaluation of physical therapists in China.

Usability Of An Interactive Board Game As Therapy Tool In Children With Speech Sound Disorders (Penggunaan Papan Permainan Interaktif Sebagai Alat Terapi Di Kalangan Kanak-Kanak Dengan Kecelaruan Pertuturan) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Speech sound disorders adversely affect speech intelligibility. It is important to address speech errors early to reduce the impact on long term communication skills. Parental involvement has been shown to increase the effectiveness of speech therapy because parents were able to carry out speech therapy tasks consistently with their children in the comfort of their own homes. This study aimed to explore the usability of an interactive board game as therapy tool in children with speech sound disorders. In Phase I, market survey and website search regarding existing board games were conducted. In Phase II, board game prototypes using the motor approach for speech intervention were developed. Finally, in Phase III, the usability of the board game was examined. Nineteen respondents comprising eight experienced speech-language therapists and eleven parents of children diagnosed with speech sound disorder participated in the study. Participants used the interactive board game with a child with speech sound disorder for a period of one week and completed a questionnaire. Findings show that majority of the participants (94.7%) were satisfied with the board game as a tool for speech therapy. Additionally, 89.4% of the participants agreed that the board game is fun, and all children choose to play the board game again. Suggestions to improve the board game were documented. Further research is warranted to examine the efficacy of this approach on speech therapy outcomes.

Postura e intervenções do gestalt-terapeuta frente à violência psicológica contra a mulher por parceiro íntimo / Posture and interventions of the gestalt-therapist in the face of psychological violence against woman by an intimate partner / Postura e intervenciones del gestalt-terapeuta frente a la violencia psicológica contra la mujer por parte de una pareja íntima

A violência psicológica por parceiro íntimo ocorre entre cônjuges ou namorados e frequentemente tem a mulher a vítima deste abuso. Visto que toda violência física foi precedida de uma violência psicológica, postula-se a importância deste tema como uma forma de prevenção e alerta para a sociedade. O Gestalt-terapeuta deve estar preparado ao se deparar com estes casos e saber quais posturas assumir em diferentes contextos. Para isso, o presente estudo apresenta um estudo teórico sobre violência psicológica por parceiro íntimo pautado em uma pesquisa nos principais periódicos da abordagem gestáltica no país. A discussão aborda cinco termos que mais apareceram nos trabalhos nacionais, são eles: Heterossuporte, Awareness, Redução Fenomenológica, Trabalho com Emoções e Autoestima. Nesta discussão, busca-se compreender os conceitos a luz da teoria gestáltica e sua aplicação no atendimento às mulheres vítimas de violência psicológica por parceiro íntimo.

Psychological intimate partner violence occurs between spouses or boyfriends and often has the woman the victim of this abuse. Since all physical violence was preceded by psychological violence, the importance of this theme is postulated as a form of prevention and alertness to society. The Gestalt-therapist should be prepared to come across these cases and know which positions to take in different contexts. For this, the present study presents a theoretical study on psychological violence by intimate partner based on a research in the main journals of the Gestalt approach in the country. The discussion addresses five terms that have appeared the most in the national works, they are: Environmental Support, Awareness, Phenomenological Reduction, Work with Emotions and Self-esteem. In this discussion, we seek to understand the concepts in light of gestalt theory and its application in the care of women victims of psychological violence by intimate partner.

La violencia psicológica de la pareja íntima ocurre entre cónyuges o novios y com frecuencia tiene a la mujer como víctima del abuso. Dado que toda violencia física se procede por violencia psicológica, la importância del tema se postula como una forma de prevención y atención a la sociedad. El terapeuta Gestalt debe prepararse para enfrentar estos casos y saber qué posiciones adoptar en diferentes contextos. El presente manuscrito presenta um estudio teórico sobre la violencia psicológica por pareja íntima basado en una investigación em las principales revistas del enfoque Gestalt em el país. La discusión aborda cinco conceptos que han aparecido más en las obras nacionales, que son: Apoyo ambiental, Conciencia, Reducción fenomenológica, Trabajocon emociones y Autoestima. E nesta discusión, buscamos comprenderlos conceptos a la luz de la teoría de la gestalt y sua plicación em el cuidado de las mujeres víctimas de violencia psicológica por parte de supareja.

Asociaciones entre contratransferencia y características del paciente en psicoterapia psicoanalítica / Associações entre contratransferência e características do paciente na psicoterapia psicanalítica / Associations between countertransference and patient characteristics in psychoanalytic psychotherapy

Resumen Objetivo: explorar las reacciones de contratransferencia de los terapeutas en la fase inicial de la psicoterapia psicoanalítica (entre las sesiones 4 y 5) y verificar las posibles asociaciones entre estas y las características personales del paciente (sociodemográficas, psicológicas y psicopatológicas). Método: estudio naturalista, transversal, correlacional y observacional con enfoque descriptivo-analítico. La muestra consta de 180 pares de pacientes y terapeutas, de los cuales 180 eran pacientes adultos (32.82 ± 12.66 años) y 48 terapeutas (32.69 ± 10.01 años). Resultados: la contratransferencia se ve afectada por la edad del paciente, los aspectos psicológicos de su vida anterior (traumas y apego parental) y elementos de su personalidad (habilidades de empatía y mecanismos defensivos), pero no por los síntomas que presenta. Conclusiones: los hallazgos respaldan la literatura científica, que señala la relevancia de las experiencias infantiles y las características de personalidad del paciente para evocar patrones específicos de contratransferencia en el terapeuta. Conocer tales relaciones puede ayudar a los clínicos a identificar sus propias reacciones y usarlas terapéuticamente, según corresponda.

Resumo Objetivo: explorar as reações contratransferenciais de terapeutas na fase inicial de psicoterapia psicanalítica (entre a 4a e a 5a sessão) e verificar possíveis associações destas com as características pessoais do paciente (sociodemográficas, psicológicas e psicopatológicas). Método: estudo naturalístico, transversal, correlacional e observacional de abordagem descritivo-analítica. A amostra é composta por 180 duplas paciente-terapeuta, dos quais 180 eram pacientes adultos (32,82 ± 12,66 anos de idade) e 48 terapeutas (32,69 ± 10,01 anos de idade). Resultados: a contratransferência é afetada pela idade do paciente, aspectos psicológicos da sua vida pregressa (traumas e vinculação parental) e elementos de sua personalidade (habilidades empáticas e mecanismos defensivos), mas não pelos sintomas. Conclusões: os achados apoiam a literatura científica, a qual sinaliza a relevância das experiências infantis e de características da personalidade do paciente na evocação de padrões contratransferenciais específicos no terapeuta. Conhecer tais relações pode ajudar os clínicos a identificar suas próprias reações emocionais e utilizá-las terapeuticamente, quando for o caso.

Abstract Objective: to explore therapists' countertransference reactions in the initial phase of psychoanalytic psychotherapy (between sessions 4 and 5) and to verify possible associations between these and the patient's personal characteristics (sociodemographic, psychological, and psychopathological). Method: naturalistic, cross-sectional, correlational, and observational study with a descriptive-analytical approach. The sample consists of 180 patient-therapist dyads, of which 180 were adult patients (32.82 ± 12.66 years old) and 48 therapists (32.69 ± 10.01 years old). Results: countertransference is affected by the patient's age, psychological aspects of his or her previous life (traumas and parental attachment) and elements of personality (empathetic skills and defensive mechanisms), but not by the showed symptoms. Conclusions: the findings support the scientific literature, which points to the relevance of childhood experiences and personality characteristics of the patient to evoke specific countertransference patterns in the therapist. Understanding such relationships can help clinicians identify their own reactions and deliver the therapy, as appropriate.