Evaluation on monitoring effect of the electronic vaccine vial monitor label / 生物医学工程学杂志

The cold chain safety of vaccines is a global issue. The electronic vaccine vial monitor (eVVM) label can monitor the temperature of vaccines in real time and provide "early warning" prompts. In order to comprehensively evaluate the monitoring efficiency of eVVM, this study selected 75 eVVM labels and distributed them with a total of 600 vaccine vial monitor (VVM) labels of four different types in different experimental environment (2-8℃, -20℃ and 40℃), and used a temperature recorder as "gold standard". The results showed that the accuracy of the eVVM labels and VVM labels in high temperature environment was as same as that of the temperature recorder (

Non-Invasive in vivo Loss Tangent Imaging: Thermal Sensitivity Estimation at the Larmor Frequency

Visualization of the tissue loss tangent property can provide distinct contrast and offer new information related to tissue electrical properties. A method for non-invasive imaging of the electrical loss tangent of tissue using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was demonstrated, and the effect of loss tangent was observed through simulations assuming a hyperthermia procedure. For measurement of tissue loss tangent, radiofrequency field maps (B1+ complex map) were acquired using a double-angle actual flip angle imaging MRI sequence. The conductivity and permittivity were estimated from the complex valued B1+ map using Helmholtz equations. Phantom and ex-vivo experiments were then performed. Electromagnetic simulations of hyperthermia were carried out for observation of temperature elevation with respect to loss tangent. Non-invasive imaging of tissue loss tangent via complex valued B1+ mapping using MRI was successfully conducted. Simulation results indicated that loss tangent is a dominant factor in temperature elevation in the high frequency range during hyperthermia. Knowledge of the tissue loss tangent value can be a useful marker for thermotherapy applications.

Diretrizes para avaliação somatossensorial em pacientes portadores de disfunção temporomandibular e dor orofacial / Guidelines for somatosensory evaluation of temporomandibular dysfunction and orofacial pain patients

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Diferentes estímulos são necessários para avaliar a integridade das fibras aferentes e compreender melhor os mecanismos envolvidos nas diferentes condições dolorosas que podem afetar a região orofacial. O principal objetivo deste estudofoi realizar uma revisão da literatura, proporcionando diretrizes para a prática clínica.CONTEÚDO: Foram realizadas buscas na literatura de 1990 a 2011, na base de dados PubMed utilizando-se termos MeSH. A estimulação mecânica pôde ser realizada mediante o uso de monofilamentos de Von-Frey, para testar as fibras A-beta e A-delta. O teste de picada é uma maneira simples de se avaliar as fibrasA-delta e C. O limiar de dor à pressão (LDP) testa as fibras A-delta e C. Dentre as modalidades de ensaios térmicos, pode-se utilizar cubos de gelo ou um spray aerosol congelante para medir a nível de sensibilização central envolvido. Os estímulos elétricos, aplicados pelo aparelho Neurometer/Neurotron®, avaliam os três tipos principais de fibras (A-delta, A-beta e C), hiperestesia e hipoestesia. Além disso, as fibras do tipo C também podem ser avaliadas por estímulos químicos com capsaicina e/ou mentol. CONCLUSÃO: Os testes quantitativos sensoriais consistem em uma forma confiável para avaliação da função sensorial das fibras nervosas. O déficit sensorial pode ser quantificado e os dados utilizados como auxílio diagnóstico ou para comparações de eficácia entre diferentes modalidades de tratamento.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Different stimulations are needed to evaluate the integrity of afferent fibers and to better understand the mechanisms involved in different pain conditions which may affec tthe orofacial region. This study aimed primarily at reviewing the literature to provide guidelines to the clinical practice.CONTENTS: PubMed database was searched from 1990 to 2011 using MeSH terms. Mechanical stimulation could be done with Von-Frey monofilaments to testA-beta and A-delta fibers. Pinprick test is a simple way to evaluate A-delta and C fibers. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) tests A-delta and C fibers. Among thermal test modalities one may use ice cubes or a freezing spray to measure the level of central sensitization involved. Electric stimulations applied by the Neurometer/Neurotron® device evaluated three major fibers (A-delta, A-beta and C), hyperesthesia and hypoesthesia. In addition, C fibers can also be evaluated by chemical stimulations with capsain and/or menthol.CONCLUSION: Quantitative sensory tests are a reliable way to evaluate nervous fibers sensory function.Sensory deficit may be quantified and data may be used as diagnostic aid or to compare the effectiveness of differentt reatment modalities.