Enfermedades del timo por exceso y por defecto / Thymus diseases by excess and default

El timo es un órgano cervicotorácico, impar y mediano, situado en la base del cuello y parte superior del mediastino. Junto a la médula ósea es uno de los dos órganos primarios del sistema inmune y ejerce su función en los neonatos y en los niños, fundamentalmente. Entra en regresión a partir de la pubertad, aunque algunos autores plantean que la involución puede comenzar un poco antes, cuando los principales tejidos linfoides están plenamente desarrollados. Interviene sinérgicamente con otras glándulas de secreción interna: tiroides, suprarrenal, hipófisis, para elaborar substancias necesarias para el desarrollo general del organismo. Es un órgano muy sensible a todo influjo. Como todos los órganos de la economía el timo presenta enfermedades producidas tanto por crecimiento exagerado, como por hipoplasias o atrofias. Dentro de las primeras las más comunes son la hiperplasia tímica y el timoma y, entre las últimas el síndrome de DiGeorge ha sido bien caracterizado en la literatura internacional desde la segunda mitad del siglo pasado. Sin embrago, en los últimos tiempos los inmunólogos hablan de la hipoplasia tímica como entidad que puede asociarse o no a estados de inmunodeficiencia. Se describen brevemente estas afecciones(AU)

The thymus is a cervicothoracic organ, odd and medium, located at the base of the neck and upper part of the mediastinum. Next to the bone marrow is one of the two primary organs of the immune system and exerts its function in neonates and children, fundamentally. It regresses after puberty, although some authors suggest that the involution can begin a little earlier, when the main lymphoid tissues are fully developed. It intervenes synergistically with other glands of internal secretion: thyroid, adrenal, pituitary gland, to develop substances necessary for the general development of the organism. It is a very sensitive organ to all influence. Like all the organs of the economy, the thymus presents diseases caused both by exaggerated growth, as by hypoplasias or atrophies. Among the former, the most common are thymic hyperplasia and thymoma and, among the latter, DiGeorge syndrome has been well characterized in international literature since the second half of the last century. However, in recent times immunologists speak of thymic hypoplasia as an entity that may or may not be associated with immunodeficiency states. These conditions are briefly described(AU)

Characteristics and Outcome in Myathenia Gravis Accompanied with Thymoma or Thymic Hyperplasia / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and outcome in myathenia gravisac companied with thymoma or thymic hy-perplasia.Methods From January,2007 to December,2016,118 myathenia gravis patients with thymoma,and 42 myathenia gravis patients with thymic hyperplasia were enrolled.Their age of onset,gender,initial symptom,osserman classification,muscles involved,myasthenia crisis,low-frequency repetitive nerve stimulation and complete stable remission rate data were retrospectively analyzed.Results Compared with myathenia gravis patients with thymic hyperplasia,myathenia gravis patients with thymoma showed older age in onset,higher propor-tion in type III and lower rate in complete stable remission rate(P<0.05),and more respiratory muscle involved(χ2=6.364,P=0.011)and myasthenia crisis(χ2=5.455,P=0.022).There were significant differences in respiratory muscle involved(χ2=8.532,P=0.036)and the inci-dence rate of myasthenia crisis(χ2=8.956,P=0.030)among thymoma with different pathological types,in which type B3 was the highest, and type A+AB was the lowest.The low-frequency repetitive nerve stimulation positive rate was higher in myathenia gravis patients with thymoma than with thymic hyperplasia,however,there was no significant difference(χ2<1.357,P>0.05).There was a rising trend with path-ological classification altered in the low-frequency repetitive nerve stimulation positive rate with no significant difference (χ2<6.623, P>0.05).Conclusion Myathenia gravis patients with thymoma were common in middle-aged to old people,who were serious in clinical symp-tom,particularly respiratory muscle involved and myasthenia crisis.Myathenia gravis patients with thymic hyperplasia were more benefit from thymectomy.The low-frequency repetitive nerve stimulation positive rate of myathenia gravis patients does not correlate with thymic lesion type.Respiratory muscle involved and myasthenia crisis are relevant with pathological types of thymoma.

Unusual Thymic Hyperplasia Mimicking Lipomatous Tumor in an Eight-Year-Old Boy with Concomitant Pericardial Lipomatosis and Right Facial Hemihypertrophy

We report a case of thymic hyperplasia accompanied by pericardial lipomatosis and right facial hemihypertrophy in an 8-year-old boy. On imaging studies, the hyperplastic thymus had prominent curvilinear and nodular fatty areas simulating a fat-containing anterior mediastinal mass, which is an unusual finding in children. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a child with a combination of thymic hyperplasia, pericardial lipomatosis, and right facial hemihypertrophy. The radiologic findings are presented with a brief discussion.

A case of true thymic hyperplasia in the mediastinum with ectopic thymus in the neck / 소아과

True thymic hyperplasia and ectopic thymus are very rare in children. In embryologic aspect, thymus is distributed around cervical area and ends up in mediastinum. This case is simultaneous thymic hyperplasia of neck and mediastinum. Ectopic thymus in the neck and thymic hyperplasia in the mediastinum in children were reported 2 and 7 cases respectively in Korea. In Clinical aspects, these thymic hyperplasia were presented by mass. So we should suspect these benign condition to avoid unnecessary operation or biopsy. We report a case of true thymic hyperplasia in the mediastinum with ectopic thymus in the neck in a 4-month-old male infant and review the relevant literature. We believe this is the first reported case in the world of true thymus hyperplasia in the mediastinum with cervical ectopic thymus in the neck.

Myasthenia Gravis with Hyperthyroidism and Thymic Hyperplasia

This is the first case report of myasthenia gravis with cosxisting hyperthyroidism and thymic hyperplasia in Korea. Thirty two year-old man visited in the clinic with exthophalmos, ptosis, dysarthria and dysphagia. Serum anti-acetylcholine receptor and anti-microsomal antibodies was increased significantly. The chest CT showed a large soft tissue mass at the anterior mediastinum. The anti-thyroid drug, glucocorticoid, cholinesterase inhibitor and intravenous immunoglobulin was given as a treatment. After thyroid function is normalized, thymectomy will be done.

A case of thymic hyperplasia after high-dose chemotherapy in a patient with malignant lymphoma / 대한내과학회지

Thymic hyperplasia results from thymic regrowth after atrophy during a stressful period. Differentiation from recurrent or residual neoplasm may be an important consideration. Thymic hyperplasia is most problematic when it is observed in patients with malignant lymphoma. We report a case of thymic hyperplasia in which thymic enlargement is developed in a malignant lymphoma patient with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and this condition is confirmed by the findings of serial chest computed tomography without chemotherpy.

Giant Thymic Hyperplasia in Children: 1 case report / 대한흉부외과학회지

Giant thymic Hyperplasia is a rare lesion in children. We report a case of giant thymic hyperplasia in the right anterior mediastinum in a 2 year-old male patient. Presenting symptom was frequent cough and sputum, plain chest X-ray and computed tomography showed huge mass in the right anterior mediastinum. The tumor resection was done through a median sternotomy for the prevention of progression to atelectasis caused by mass effect and tissue diagnosis. An open biopsy specimen showed normal thymic architecture. The patient recovered without any problem and is doing well untill now. We report this rare case of giant thymic hyperplasia with review of the literature.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus And Thymic Hyperplasia: A Case Report / 대한류마티스학회지

Possible association between systemic lupus erythematosus and disorders of thymus has been shown in several reposrts. But the association is clearly not common as judged by fewer than 20 case reports in the world literature. One case of systemic lupus erythematosus in a patient with thymic hyperplasia is described. The woman had been suffered from purpura, dry mouth and dry eyes and complained of chest discomfort. In this case, thymectomy did not modify the course of systemic oupus erythematosus. Systemic lupus erythematosus with thymic disorder is very rare so we report this case with a review of literatures.

Five cases of thymic hyperplasia

No abstract available.