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Objective To investigate the predictive factors for central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC).Methods A retrospective study including 2511 cases of PTMC admitted from Jan.2013 to Jan.2016 were enrolled in our study.Chi-square test was used in univariate analysis.Logistic regression analysis was applied for multivariate analysis.The relation between age,sex,tumor size,multifocality,thyroidal extension,nodular goiter and central lymph node metastasis is analyzed.Results Univariate analysis showed that age,sex,tumor size,multifocality,thyroidal extension and nodular goiter had statistical significance.Age less than 45(P＜0.001,x2=17.442);Male gender(P＜0.001,x2=17.029);Tumor size less than 5 mm (P＜0.001,x2=70.164.);Extrathyroid extension factor (P＜0.001,x2=63.197);Nodular hyperplasia factor (P=0.017,x2=5.611).Multivariate analysis showed there was a significant relationship between multifocality and the central lymph node positivity.The odds ratio (OR) was 1.587 in patients with tumor foci ≥2(P＜0.001).While OR increased sharply near to 3 in patients withtumor foci ≥3(OR=2.730).Tumor size(OR=1.926);Extrathyroid extension(OR=1.606).Conclusions Multifocalty,tumor size and thyroidal extension are the main predicative factors for central lymph node metastasis in PTMC.Among them,tumor foci ≥ 3 is an important predictor.Besides the conventional factors such as tumor size,thyroidal extension etc,multifocalty should also be taken into consideration.
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Objective To compare the clinical and sonographic characteristics of aggressive and nonaggressive papillary thyroid microcarcinomas(PTMC)in order to improve the preoperative predictive value of aggressive PTMC.Methods A total of 309 patients with PTMC from January 2014 to December 2016 were included in this study.Patients with lymphatic metastasis,extrathyroidal invasion,reccurence, distant metastasis and death were classified into aggressive PTMC group,and patients without above characteristics were classified into nonaggressive group.Clinical and sonographic features were reviewed and compared between the two groups.Results Among the 309 patients,76 cases(24.6%)were aggressive PTMC,and 233 cases(75.4%)were nonaggressive.Patients were younger and larger cancerous nodules, microcalcification,capsular inconnection and multifocality were seen more frequently in aggressive PTMC group compared with nonaggressive group.The best cut-off value of age and diameter were 44.5 years and 0.66 cm respectively.Advanced age was the protective factor and larger tumor size and multifocality were independent risk factors for PTMC aggressiveness.The capsular invasion was related with the lateral cervical lymph node metastasis while other features were not.Conclusions Extra attention should be paid to patients with age<44.5 years,tumor size>0.66 cm and multifocal cancerous nodules because their PTMCs are more likely to be aggressive.Thyroid capsule adjacent to the cancerous nodule should be observed carefully.If there is interruption in the capsule,lateral cervical lymph nodes should be carefully examed.
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Objective To investigate the expression level and clinical significance of long non-coding RNA(LncRNA) growth arrest specific gene-antisense 1(GAS8-AS1) in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC) patients. Methods We investigated the expression profile of GAS8-AS1 in tissue samples of patients with PTMC as well as nodular goiter(NG) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR). Results GAS8-AS1 in cancer tissue was down-regulated in PTMC patients compared with adjacent thyroid tissue and NG samples(P<0.05). Lower level of GAS8-AS1 was also correlated with central cervical lymph node metastasis(CLNM, P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve for GAS8-AS1 was up to 0.717 3 in CLNM prediction(P<0.05). Conclusion GAS8-AS1 may act as a potential biomarker for PTC diagnosis and CLNM prediction.
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Introducción: El bocio nodular es la patología más frecuente de la glándula tiroides. Ecógrafos de mayor resolución han permitido pesquisar nódulos de hasta 2 mm de diámetro. ¿Existen características distintivas de los nódulos tiroideos que los convierten en sospechosos de malignidad, tanto en la ecografía bidimensional como en el Doppler color y angio power? Objetivo: Estimar si las características ecográficas halladas en los nódulos ≤10 mm fueron de utilidad para individualizar microcarcinomas tiroideos (MCT). Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 201 pacientes sometidos a tiroidectomía entre enero de 2005 y enero de 2007, en los cuales se registró la presentación clínica y los caracteres ecográficos sospechosos de malignidad de los nódulos: naturaleza sólida, microcalcificaciones y vascularización intranodular en la secuencia Doppler. Estudio cuali-cuantitativo observacional, con un diseño descriptivo (reporte de serie de casos). Resultados: Se identificaron 20 MCT en 18 mujeres y 2 hombres de edades similares: 48.2 ± 3.4 años (±ESM); mediana: 53 años; rango: 19-69 años. Clínicamente los MCT se presentaron: 5 como bocios uninodulares y 15 como bocios multinodulares. Los 5 bocios uninodulares y 7/15 bocios multinodulares presentaron uno o más factores de sospecha de malignidad que fueron ratificados en el preoperatorio por una punción citológica sospechosa o positiva para carcinoma y luego confirmado por el estudio anatomopatológico de la pieza quirúrgica. Los otros 8/15 bocios multinodulares fueron hallazgos histológicos. Conclusión: La capacidad diagnóstica de la ecografía bidimensional y del Doppler en la determinación prequirúrgica del riesgo de malignidad de los nódulos tiroideos ≤ 10 mm de diámetro estuvo limitada a los bocios uninodulares y al 50% de los multinodulares. La indicación del tratamiento quirúrgico de los nódulos con factores ecográficos sospechosos de malignidad siempre fue ratificada con el diagnóstico citológico.
Introduction: High resolution ultrasound has allowed the detection of increasingly smaller thyroid nodules. Are there any distinctive features in thyroid nodules that become them suspicious of malignity at 2D ultrasound and color Doppler studies? Objective: To evaluate if the ultrasound characteristics found in the 10 mm nodules were useful to detect thyroid microcarcinomas (TMC). Materials and Methods: 201 patients subjected to thyroidectomy between January 2005 and January 2007. Information was gathered about the clinical characteristics and the ultrasound factors suspicious of malignancy: solid nodules, micro calcifications and intranodular vascularization. A qualitative and quantitative observational study was performed using a descriptive design (report of a series of cases). Results: 20 TMCs were found in 18 women and 2 men of similar ages: 48.2 ± 3.4 years (±SEM), median: 53 years, range: 19-69 years. TMC's clinical presentation was 5 solitary nodule goiters and 15 multinodular goiters. All solitary nodule goiters and 7/15 multinodular goiters presented one or more clinical factors suspicious of malignancy that were verified at the preoperatory stage through a cytological fine needle aspiration suspicious or positive for carcinoma and then confirmed by the histo-pathological exam of the surgical specimen. The other 8/15 TMCs were findings of the frozen section biopsy or the histology study done later. Conclusion: The diagnostic capability of the 2D ultrasound and color Doppler studies in the pre-surgical determination of the malignancy risk of thyroid nodules ≤ 10 mm in diameter was limited, in our experience, to the solitary nodule goiters and to 50% of the multinodular goiters. The indication of surgical treatment of the nodules with suspicious ultrasound factors of malignancy was always confirmed by cytology.