Reliability and Validity of Measurement Using Smart Phone-Based Goniometer on Pelvic Tilting Angle in Standing and Sitting Position

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and validity of pelvic tilting angle measurements using a smart phone-based inclinometer (Clino) compared to a palpation meter (PALM) in the standing and sitting position. This study used an interchangeable method with Clino to measure the pelvic tilting angle in the standing and sitting positions. METHODS: Twenty healthy subjects were recruited. Measurements of the pelvic tilting angle in the standing and sitting positions were obtained by two examiners using the Clino and PALM. A resting session was conducted 10 minutes later to assess the intra and inter rater reliability. To assess validity of the measurement using Clino, a PALM was used as the gold standard. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine the intra and inter rater reliability of Clino and a PALM. To assess the validity, the Pearson correlation coefficients were used for two measurement techniques to measure the pelvic tilting angle in the standing and sitting positions. The statistical significance was set to α=0.05. RESULTS: Measurements of the pelvic tilt had high inter-rater reliability in the standing (ICC=0.82) and sitting (ICC=0.88) positions using Clino and intra-rater reliability in the standing (ICC=0.87) and sitting (ICC=0.91) positions using Clino. Measurements of the pelvic tilt had high validity by a comparison of PALM and Clino in the standing (r=0.83) and sitting (r=0.89) positions (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The use of Clino can be recommended as a tool to replace the PALM and measure the pelvic tilt angle in the standing and sitting positions while maintaining the clinical reliability and validity.

Treinamento Físico Aeróbico como Tratamento não Farmacológico da Síncope Neurocardiogênica / Physical Training as Non-Pharmacological Treatment of Neurocardiogenic Syncope

Fundamento: Caracterizada por perda súbita e transitória da consciência e do tônus postural, com recuperação rápida e espontânea, a síncope é causada por uma redução aguda da pressão arterial sistêmica e, por conseguinte, do fluxo sanguíneo cerebral. Os resultados insatisfatórios com o uso de fármacos permitiu que o tratamento não farmacológico da síncope neurocardiogênica fosse contemplado como primeira opção terapêutica. Objetivos: Comparar, em pacientes com síncope neurocardiogênica, o impacto do Treinamento Físico Aeróbico (TFA) de moderada intensidade e de uma intervenção controle, na positividade do Teste de Inclinação Passiva (TIP) e no tempo de tolerância ortostática. Métodos: Foram estudados 21 pacientes com história de síncope neurocardiogênica recorrente e TIP positivo. Esses foram aleatorizados em: Grupo Treinado (GT), n = 11, e Grupo Controle (GC), n = 10. O GT foi submetido a 12 semanas de TFA supervisionado, em cicloergômetro, e o GC, a um procedimento controle que consistia na realização de 15 minutos de alongamentos e 15 minutos de caminhada leve. Resultados: O GT apresentou efeito positivo ao treinamento físico, com aumento significativo do consumo de oxigênio-pico. Já o GC não apresentou nenhuma mudança estatisticamente significante, antes e após a intervenção. Após o período de intervenção, 72,7% da amostra do GT apresentou resultado negativo ao TIP, não apresentando síncope na reavaliação. Conclusão: O programa de treinamento físico aeróbico supervisionado por 12 semanas foi capaz de reduzir o número de TIP positivos, assim como foi capaz de aumentar o tempo de tolerância na posição ortostática ...

Background: Characterized as a sudden and temporary loss of consciousness and postural tone, with quick and spontaneous recovery, syncope is caused by an acute reduction of systemic arterial pressure and, therefore, of cerebral blood flow. Unsatisfactory results with the use of drugs allowed the nonpharmacological treatment of neurocardiogenic syncope was contemplated as the first therapeutic option. Objectives: To compare, in patients with neurocardiogenic syncope, the impact of a moderate intensity aerobic physical training (AFT) and a control intervention on the positivity of head-up tilting test (HUT) and orthostatic tolerance time. Methods: Were studied 21 patients with a history of recurrent neurocardiogenic syncope and HUT. The patients were randomized into: trained group (TG), n = 11, and control group (CG), n = 10. The TG was submitted to 12 weeks of AFT supervised, in cycle ergometer, and the CG to a control procedure that consisted in 15 minutes of stretching and 15 minutes of light walk. Results: The TG had a positive effect to physical training, with a significant increase in peak oxygen consumption. The CG did not show any statistically significant change before and after the intervention. After the intervention period, 72.7% of the TG sample had negative results to the HUT, not having syncope in the revaluation. Conclusion: The program of supervised aerobic physical training for 12 weeks was able to reduce the number of positive HUT, as it was able to increase tolerance time in orthostatic position during the HUT after the intervention period. .

Biomechanical effects of different traction modes on lumbar spine / 医用生物力学

Objective To study biomechanical effects of the lumbar spine under different traction conditions by using three-dimensional (3D) finite element method. Methods The CT images of lumbar segment L1-5 were input to the Mimics 10.01 for developing 3D geometrical model of L1-5. Then the mesh model of L1-5 was obtained using Geomagic Studio 12.0 and Hypermesh 11.0. The finite element simulation of the lumbar spine under different traction conditions was made by using Abaqus. Results Head-down titling angle was related to the nucleus pulposus stress. When the head-down tilting angle was smaller than 10°, the nucleus pulposus stress regularly changed with the swing cycle; while the head-down tilting angle exceeded 10°, the stress was decreased. In the swing mode, the annulus inner ring stress was increased to promote intervertebral retraction. Conclusions The traction mode helps to relieve the lumbar pain with the swing helping to coordinate the traction effect in each direction, which can better sort out and relieve the rear facet joint disorders. In addition, patients should be careful to select the appropriate traction force in the treatment to achieve good therapeutic effect.

Effect of passive motion of from lower extremity on muscle fatigue when the back under head-down tilting / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the effect of passive motion from lower extremity on electromyography (EMG) activity of major muscles when the back under head down tilting state. Methods Thirty healthy subjects were selected. The EMGs of erector spinal and trapezius muscles were recorded and analyzed when human body was under head-down tilting at angel of 0°, 10°, 20° and 27° in static mode, respectively, in sway mode (along the axis of Z with frequencies of 120 and 140/min， respectively) and in vibration mode (along the axis of Y with frequency of 680/min) with the help of multifunctional test bed. Results In the static mode, the median frequency (MF) decreased with the increase of head-down titling angle; in the sway mode, the MF at each of 4 head-down tilting angles was smaller than that in the static mode. When the frequency was 120/min, the MF decreased with head-down tilting angle increasing, but when the frequency reached 140/min, the variation of MF became irregular. In the vibration mode, the MF increased with the increase of head-down tilting angle and was larger than that in the static mode. Conclusions In the static mode, the muscle fatigue increased with the head down tilting angle increasing; in the vibration mode, smaller head-down tilting angle should be selected to achieve better treatment effect; but in the sway mode, larger head-down tilting angle would be better, and the sway frequency should be set lower than 120/min to avoid potential damage due to excessive muscle fatigue.

Knotless External Fixation Technique for Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Transscleral Fixation: A 5-Case Analysis

PURPOSE: To determine whether the knotless technique can be an alternative for the scleral flap-making technique in posterior chamber intraocular lens transscleral fixation when a scleral flap cannot be made. METHODS: Five patients underwent the knotless technique for posterior chamber intraocular lens transscleral fixation when a scleral flap could not be made. Partial thickness scleral anchoring sutures were repeated three times near the transscleral penetration site in both ends. The end of the anchoring suture was passed under the exposed part of the partial thickness scleral anchoring suture and pulled to adjust the position of the intraocular lens. Then, anchoring sutures were covered with a conjunctival flap. Complications and change of intraocular lens astigmatism were evaluated. RESULTS: During the 8-month postoperative follow-up period, one case of ciliary body hemorrhage due to intraoperative transscleral penetration and one case of mild intraocular lens tilting owing to the improper tension of the string were observed. Except for one case with a concurrent penetrating keratoplasty, intraocular lens astigmatism showed no significant change during the postoperative follow-up period and no significant difference compared to transscleral fixation with a scleral flap. CONCLUSIONS: Knotless technique for external fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lens transscleral fixation is a safe and easy technique and may be a good alternative for the scleral flap-making technique in posterior chamber intraocular lens transscleral fixation when a scleral flap cannot be made.

Pre-prosthetic minor tooth movement with elastic separating ring & provisional restoration modification: case report

Proximal caries or coronal defect in posterior teeth may result in the loss of proximal space and drifting of neighboring teeth, which makes restoration difficult. Inability to restore proper contours and to align tooth axis properly are commonly encountered problems when planning tooth restoration. Moreover, tilted teeth aggravate periodontal tissue breakdown, such as pseudo-pocket, and angular osseous defect. The purpose of this case presentation is to describe a simple technique for inducing minor tooth movement with orthodontic separating ring and provisional restoration modification. This method was used to create crown placement space on mesially tilted molar. This method is easy, simple and efficient technique which could be used in interproximal space gaining in selected situation.

Visual Outcome and Stability of Hydrogel Full-Optics Accommodative Intraocular Lens

PURPOSE: To report the visual outcome and to determine the stability of WIOL-CF(R) (GELMED, Praha, Czech Republic) hydrogel full-optics accommodative intraocular lens (IOL). METHODS: The present study evaluated 20 eyes of 10 patients who underwent routine cataract surgery and WIOL-CF(R) accommodative IOL implantation. Measurement included uncorrected/best corrected visual acuities (VA) at near and distant, degree of IOL decentration, degree of IOL tilting and anterior chamber depth on postoperative day 1, 1 month, 2 months, 6 months and 12 months. RESULTS: Result analysis was performed with 19 eyes of 10 patients, except for 1 complicated eye. At 12 months, the uncorrected distance VA of 11 eyes (57.9%) and 17 eyes (89.5%) were 20/25 and 20/40 or better, respectively. At 12 months, the uncorrected near VA of 12 eyes (63.2%) and 18 eyes (94.7%) were 20/25 and 20/40 or better, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in anterior chamber depth (p > 0.05), IOL decentration (p > 0.05) and IOL tilting (p > 0.05) on postoperative day 1, 1 month, 2 months, 6 months and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical results of cataract surgery with WIOL-CF were relatively satisfactory.

Avaliação da função autonômica em portadores de cardiomiopatia hipertrófica com e sem síncope / Assessment of autonomic nervous function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with and without syncope

INTRODUÇÃO: Síncope inexplicada é considerada um fator de risco de morte súbita na cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH). Em sua patogênese estão envolvidos mecanismos diversos, incluindo a dificuldade de adaptação da resistência vascular sistêmica ao exercício e ao estresse ortostático, que pode ser influenciada por uma disfunção do sistema nervoso autônomo. Os objetivos deste estudo foram comparar a função nervosa autonômica em portadores de CMH com e sem síncope, bem como avaliar o valor diagnóstico do teste de inclinação (TI) na investigação de síncope nessa população. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 37 pacientes, 16 com síncope inexplicada à avaliação rotineira e 21 sem síncope. A função nervosa autonômica foi medida pela sensibilidade do barorreflexo (BR) espontâneo e do induzido por fenilefrina e pela variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca (VFC). As variáveis da VFC consideradas no domínio do tempo foram: desvio-padrão de todos os intervalos RR normais (SDNN); raiz quadrada da média do quadrado das diferenças entre intervalos RR normais adjacentes (RMSSD); e percentagem de intervalos RR adjacentes com diferença superior a 50 ms (pNN50), durante o eletrocardiograma de 24 horas. No domínio da freqüência, foram considerados os componentes de alta, baixa e muito baixa freqüência e a densidade total do espectro, tanto em valores absolutos como em unidades normalizadas, em repouso e aos 60 graus de inclinação. As medidas da pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, batimento a batimento, e as medidas do índice sistólico, do índice cardíaco e da resistência vascular sistêmica, obtidas pela cardiografia por impedância, foram comparadas, entre os grupos, a 0, 30 e 60 graus de inclinação. O TI consistiu na exposição dos pacientes a 60º de inclinação por 40 minutos, ou até uma resposta positiva. RESULTADOS: A sensibilidade do BR, tanto espontâneo (16,46±12,99 vs 18,31±9,88 ms/mmHg, p=0,464) como induzido por fenilefrina (18,33±9,31 vs 15,83±15,48 ms/mmHg, p=0,521)...

BACKGROUND: Unexplained syncope is considered a risk factor for sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Several mechanisms are involved in its pathogenesis, including the difficulty in adaptation of the systemic vascular resistance to exertion and to orthostatic stress, which may be influenced by a dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. The purposes of this study were to compare the autonomic nervous function in patients with HCM with and without syncope and to assess diagnostic value of the head-up tilting test (HUT) in this population. METHODS: Thirty seven patients were included: 16 with unexplained syncope at routine evaluation and 21 without syncope. The autonomic nervous function was assessed by spontaneous and phenylephrine-induced baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and by heart rate variability (HRV). Considered HRV variables in time domain were: standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), and percentage of adjacent normal RR intervals which differ by at least 50 ms (pNN50), during 24 hours electrocardiogram recording. In frequency domain, high, low and very low frequency bands and the spectrum total power density were considered, both in absolute values and in normalized units, at rest and at 60-degree tilting. Measures of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, beat to beat, and measures of stroke index, cardiac index, and systemic vascular resistance, obtained by impedance cardiography, were compared between the groups, at 0-, 30- and 60-degree tilting. The HUT consisted in exposure to 60º for 40 minutes, or until a positive response. RESULTS: Spontaneous BRS measures were similar between the syncope and non-syncope groups (16.46±12.99 vs 18.31±9.88 ms/mmHg, p=0.464), as well as phenylephrine induced BRS (18.33±9.31 vs 15.83±15.48 ms/mmHg, p=0.521). No differences were found between SDNN values (137.69±36.62 vs 145.95±38.07 ms, p=0.389). The syncope group presented lower values...

The High-Voltage Electron Microscopy in Biomedical Research / 대한해부학회지

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides high resolution images, which are useful in studying ultrastructure of cells and tissues. We have to use very thin section about 60~100 nm thickness due to poor penetration power of the conventional TEM at 100 kV. To overcome this limitation, TEMs using higher accelerating voltage have been developed. TEMs can be categorized into conventional TEM, intermediate TEM, high voltage TEM (HVEM), and ultrahigh voltage TEM according to their accelerating voltage. HVEM using 500~1,000 kV has an enough penetration power to observe thick specimen up to 3~4 micro, which is useful understanding 3 dimensional configuration of the cell and tissue. HVEM was built up in Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI, Daejeon, Korea) at 2004, maximum accelerating voltage is 1.3 MV in Korea. Many results showed up to the present various fields of science such as medical science, biology, agriculture and so on. Here, we briefly summarize recent biomedical applications of HVEM to provide an insight of HVEM for morphologist.

Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency Caused by Lateral Head Tilting

Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) in rotatory vertebral artery occlusion syndrome can be caused by voluntary head turning in the yaw plane. We report a case of VBI for head tilting in the roll plane. Transcranial Doppler on left head tilting resulted in decreased blood flow in both vertebral arteries. A CT angiogram revealed that the stenotic left vertebral artery was very close to an enlarged thyroid gland, suggesting mechanical compression of the vertebral artery during head tilt.

Effect of Tilting Table Exercise and Shengmaiyin on Alpha 1 Adrenogenic Receptor after Spinal Cord Injury in Rabbits / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe the effect of tilting table exercise and shengmaiyin on alpha 1 adrenogenic receptor (α1AR) in the superior mesenteric artery after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rabbits.Methods 46 rabbits were randomly divided into the sham group (n=6), SCI group (n=10), shenmaiyin group (n=10), exercise group (n=10) and combined treatment (shenmaiyin plus exercise) group (n=10). The rabbit model of SCI was established by complete transection of spinal cord at the T5 spinal segment. Tilting table exercise and shengmaiyin were applied to different groups for 28 days from 4 days after operation. The expression of α1aAR,α1bAR,α1dAR mRNA in the superior mesenteric artery was detected by RT-PCR at 31d after SCI.Results The mRNA expressions of α1aAR, α1bAR, α1dAR subtypes increased to different extent in rabbits of the shengmaiyin group, exercise group and combined treatment group compared with those of SCI group.Conclusion The role of tilting table exercise and shengmaiyin improving orthostatic hypotension after SCI in rabbits may be related to up-regulation of α1aAR, α1bAR, α1dAR mRNA in the superior mesenteric artery.

A Comparison of LCPlate versus Conventional T-plate Fixation about the Reduction Loss in the Treatment of Distal Radial Fracture

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical & radiological outcome between LCP and conventional T-plate fixation in the treatment of distal radial fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2000 to October 2006, 26 patients were treated by LCP fixation and 20 patients were treated by conventional T-plate fixation for distal radial fracture. We used the X-ray to calculate the radial inclination, radial length and volar tilting, then compared the loss of correction after the operation between both groups. We also evaluated the clinical functional outcome by Mayo wrist score. RESULTS: The average follow-up since operation was ten months in both LCP and conventional T-plate fixation group. According to Frykmann classification, there were 1 case of type 1 (4%), 2 of type 2 (8%), 5 of type 3 (19%), 14 of type 4 (54%), 1 of type 5 (4%), 2 of type 7 (8%), 1 of type 8 (4%), and to AO classification, 4 of type A (15%), 22 of type C (85%) in LCP group. In conventional T-plate group, according to Frykmann classification, there were 12 cases of type 3 (60%), 4 of type 4 (20%), 3 of type 7 (15%), 1 of type 8 (5%), and to AO classification, 6 of type B (30%), 14 of type C (70%). In LCP group, the loss of correction between immediate post-operation and last follow-up was about 1.03 degrees in radial inclination, -1.09 mm in radial length, -2.08 degrees in volar tilting at each, and in conventional T-plate group, 2.4 degrees in radial inclination, -0.82 mm in radial length, -2.11 degrees in volar tilting at each. There was no statistical significance (p>0.05) in two groups. In the clinical functional outcome (according to Mayo wrist score), 92% of patient showed above good result in LCP group and 85% of patient showed above good result in conventional T-plate group. There was no infection, delayed union. CONCLUSION: Treatment by Interposition of fragments and shortening in the intractable nonunion of humerus with a bony defect can achieve not only good functional result, shortened bone union time and improved in shoulder and elbow motion.

Effect of Tilting Table Exercise and Shengmaiyin on Orthostatic Hypotension after Spinal Cord Injury in Rabbits / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo develop an experimental model of orthostatic hypotension (OH) after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rabbits and investigate the effect of tilting table exercise and Shengmaiyin on it. MethodsRabbit model of OH after SCI were induced by complete transection of spinal cord at the T5 spinal segment and raised to 60° head up tilt (HUT) on a tilting table. Tilting table exercise and Shengmaiyin were applied to different groups for 28 d from 4 days after operation. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse rate (PR) were observed with non-invasive sphygmobolometer of rabbit 3, 10, 17, 24, 31 d after the operation. Liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection(HPLC-ECD) was used to detect the concentrations of plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine(E) with horizontal position and HUT 60° on the 31st day. ResultsSBP with HUT 60° in rabbits of combined treatment group was significantly higher than that in rabbits of SCI group on the 24th day after operation,and the drop in SBP from horizontal position to HUT60° was significantly lower than that in rabbits of SCI group. SBP with HUT 60° in rabbits of exercise group and combined treatment group was significantly higher than that in rabbits of SCI group on the 31st day after operation. The drop in SBP from horizontal position to HUT 60° was significantly lower in rabbits of Shengmaiyin group, exercise group and combined treatment group than that in rabbits of SCI group on the 31st day after operation. The concentration of E and NE of SCI group, Shengmaiyin group, exercise group and combined treatment group was lower than that of sham group, but there was no significant difference among these groups. ConclusionThe treatment with tilting table exercise and Shengmaiyin can improve OH after SCI partially in rabbits without involving norepinephrine and epinephrine significantly. The period of treatment can be shorten when both therapies used together.

Comparative Assessment of Clinical Results in Various Acrylate IOLs

PURPOSE: To assess the clinical results of various acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) after cataract surgery with respect to the tilting and decentration of IOLs, postoperative high-order (HO) aberration, and duration to gain of refractive stability. METHODS: This prospective study comprised 60 eyes of 53 patients after uneventful cataract surgery with IOLs implantation. Patients were randomized into four groups of 15 eyes each based on IOLs type: MA60BM, SA60AT, AR40e, or Akreos. We analyzed the extent of IOL decentration, tilting and the difference between preoperative predictive refraction and postoperative actual refraction at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 2 months after surgery. The postoperative HO aberration was determined at 2 months after surgery. RESULTS The extent of IOL decentration and tilting was not statistically significant among any of the groups (p>0.05). The spherical aberrations, the triangular coma aberrations and HO RMS values were, however, statistically significantly different among the groups (p<0.05). Refractive stability was gained by 2 months in all four groups, but the four IOLs differed in the time to refractive stability: 2 months in the MA60BM group, 1 month in the SA60AT group, 1 day in the AR40e group, and 1 week in the Akreos Adapt group. CONCLUSIONS: All four acrylic IOLs provided satisfactory postoperative results, but there were differences in the time to gain of refractive stability and HO aberration between the four IOLs. These results suggest that a surgeon could achieve a better clinical outcome after cataract surgery by selecting the most suitable IOL for his intention.

Comparative Assessment of Clinical Results in Various Acrylate IOLs

PURPOSE: To assess the clinical results of various acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) after cataract surgery with respect to the tilting and decentration of IOLs, postoperative high-order (HO) aberration, and duration to gain of refractive stability. METHODS: This prospective study comprised 60 eyes of 53 patients after uneventful cataract surgery with IOLs implantation. Patients were randomized into four groups of 15 eyes each based on IOLs type: MA60BM, SA60AT, AR40e, or Akreos. We analyzed the extent of IOL decentration, tilting and the difference between preoperative predictive refraction and postoperative actual refraction at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 2 months after surgery. The postoperative HO aberration was determined at 2 months after surgery. RESULTS The extent of IOL decentration and tilting was not statistically significant among any of the groups (p>0.05). The spherical aberrations, the triangular coma aberrations and HO RMS values were, however, statistically significantly different among the groups (p<0.05). Refractive stability was gained by 2 months in all four groups, but the four IOLs differed in the time to refractive stability: 2 months in the MA60BM group, 1 month in the SA60AT group, 1 day in the AR40e group, and 1 week in the Akreos Adapt group. CONCLUSIONS: All four acrylic IOLs provided satisfactory postoperative results, but there were differences in the time to gain of refractive stability and HO aberration between the four IOLs. These results suggest that a surgeon could achieve a better clinical outcome after cataract surgery by selecting the most suitable IOL for his intention.

Effect of tilting table exercise on orthostatic hypotension after spinal cord injury in rabbits / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo establish an experimental model of orthostatic hypotension (OH) after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rabbits and investigate the effect and relevant mechanism of tilting table exercise on OH.MethodsRabbit model of OH was established by completely transecting animal's spinal cord at the T5 segment and putting animal on a 60° tilting table. Tilting table exercise was applied to training group for 28 days starting from 4th day after operation. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse rate (PR) were observed by non invasive sphygmobolometer of rabbit at 3rd, 10th, 17th, 24th and 31st day after the operation. The concentrations of plasma renin activity (PRA) and angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ) of different position were detected with radio immunoassay at 31st day after operation.ResultsSBP at 60° head up tilt increased and difference of SBP between two positions decreased significantly in training group at 31st day. The concentrations of PRA and AngⅡ of SCI group and training group were higher than that of sham group. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of PRA and AngⅡ between training group and SCI group.Conclusion T5 complete SCI can induce OH in rabbits. Tilting table exercise can partially improve OH after SCI in rabbit, which may be not related to activation of the circulating renin angiotensin system.

Design of Medical Tilting-Table Control System Based on Single Chip Microcomputer / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a medical tilting-table for recovery training of paralysis patients (including paraplegia, hemiplegia and quadriplegia). Methods Renesas 16-bit microcontroller, R8C/25, was used as controller. Danish Linak31 was used to drive the bed. Nixie tube was used to display prescription, angle of tilting table, treating time and music list. Results It worked stable with well-controlled angle. The error was only 1?. The display of nixie tube was good and stable. MP3 played well. Back-up power could provide power supply timely and stably in power failure. Conclusion Medical tilting-table has been successfully applied in clinic.

The Effect of Inferior Oblique Weakening Procedures in the Congenital Superior Oblique Palsies

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to study the efficacy of inferior oblique weakening procedures in the surgical treatment of congenital unilateral superior oblique palsies. METHODS: We compared the preoperative and postoperative vertical deviation by a retrospective chart review of 45 patients who had undergone inferior oblique weakening procedures in unilateral congenital superior oblique palsies with at least 6 months of postoperative follow-up. Classifications of final postoperative vertical deviation were excellent (under 3 prism diopters, PD), good (4-7PD) and poor (over 8PD). RESULTS: Thirty-one (68.9%) of the 45 patients had excellent results. Average preoperative vertical deviation was 14.4 PD and average postoperative vertical deviation was 3.6 PD., giving an average reduction of vertical deviation of 10.8 PD. Preoperative head tilting was seen in 38 cases (84.4%) and improvement was seen in 32 cases (84.2%) postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The inferior oblique weakening procedures are an effective tool in the treatment of unilateral congenital superior oblique palsies, especially in patients with inferior oblique overaction.

The Clinical Results of Hydrophobic Single-Piece Acrylic Intraocular Lenses after Cataract Surgery

PURPOSE: To report the results of the clinical use of single-piece acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs; AcrySof(R), SA60AT, Alcon) compared with three-piece acrylic IOLs (AcrySof(R), MA60BM, Alcon) after cataract surgery. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data of the extent of IOL decentration and tilting measured with Scheimpflug camera (EAS-1000 anterior eye segment analysis system, Nidek) at 1 week, 1 month and 2 months after surgery, the difference in the preoperative predictive refraction and the postoperative actual refraction, and the higher order RMS (root mean square) value with WASCA wavefront analyzer (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany) between the two groups (SA60AT group: N=30 , MA60BM group: N=30). RESULTS: The extent of IOL decentration was statistically insignificant in both groups (p>0.05), but the amount of IOL tilting in the SA60AT group was significantly less than that in the MA60BM group at 1 week, 1 month and 2 months postoperatively (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the preoperative predictive refraction and the postoperative actual refraction between the two groups. The triangular coma aberrations and the higher order (HO) RMS values were, however, significantly less in the SA60AT group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The SA60AT IOLs provided a better postoperative centration and a smaller HO RMS value than the MA60BM IOLs. Based on these results, we expect that SA60AT IOLs will provide a better clinical outcome in the aspect of quality of vision.

The Effect of a Capsular Tension Ring on Decentration and Tilting of Intraocular lenses after Cataract Surgery

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of a capsular tension ring (CTR) on the tilting and decentration of intraocular lenses (IOLs) after cataract surgery. METHODS: Cataract surgery was performed on both eyes of twenty patients ranging from 57 to 75 years old. Forty eyes were divided into two groups based on whether or not a CTR (Lucid Korea, Korea) was implanted. Each patient received a CTR in one eye. All IOLs (MA60BM, Acrysof R , Alcon) were implanted into the capsular bag after a continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis smaller than the optic size of the IOL, and phacoemulsification was performed. The extent of tilting and decentration of the IOLs were measured with the EAS-1000 anterior eye segment analysis system at 7, 30, and 60 days after surgery. RESULTS: IOL decentration decreased to a statistically significant extent in the eyes implanted with both IOL and CTR, versus those with IOL only. The values of CTR+IOL group were: 0.38+/-0.16 mm at 7 days, 0.43+/-0.15 mm at 30 days, and 0.42+/-0.17 mm at 60 days. The IOL-only group values were: 0.49+/-0.11mm at 7 days, 0.53+/-0.14 mm at 30 days, and 0.57+/-0.16 mm at 60 days. IOL tilting also decreased significantly in the IOL+CTR group compared to the IOL-only group. The CTR+IOL values were: 2.22+/-0.46 degrees at 7 days, 2.36+/-0.50 degrees at 30 days, and 2.47+/- 0.40 degrees at 60 days. The IOL-only group values were: 3.14+/-0.65 degrees at 7 days, 2.91+/-0.67 degrees at 30 days, and 3.06+/-0.56 degrees at 60 days. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the CTR reduces undesirable post-surgical movement of the IOL for at least 60 days.