A Dispose of Yoshimasu Todo's Disciples in Morioka-Nambu Feudal Domain / 日本東洋医学雑誌

The authors previously reported on a Dr. Todo Yoshimasu's visit to a feudal lord of Nambu domain in 1752. This paper describes the outcomes of our investigation on what happened after the visit based on the diary “Zassyo” written by a chief retainer of the domain. Despite Yoshimasu's treatment, the load was not cured and ended up passing away. At that time, there were three of Yoshimasu's pupils who were from Nambu and serving as medical doctors for the domain. A record in the diary indicates that, after the lord's death, all of them were either discharged or penalized with pay cut. It indicates that Yoshimasu's revolutionary medical philosophy and methodology were not fully understood nor appreciated back then.

A New Historical Material on the Visitation to Lord Nambu by Dr Yoshimasu Todo / 日本東洋医学雑誌

According to the biography of Dr Todo Yoshimasu, he visited to Lord Nambu in 1752. However, this biography does not describe the detail of his therapeutic process. Recently we found out the historical materials, i.e. Zassho which is a diary written by a chief counselor of Morioka-­Nambu feudal domain. This diary describes the detail of Dr Todo Yoshimasu's medical activity to the Lord Nambu. This report intends to introduce the description of this diary and discuss concrete activities of Dr Todo Yoshimas. This report is a new significant excavation since when publication Todo­zenshu in 1917.

Study on Juniritsuho: Todo Yoshimasu's Pills and Powder Formulations / 日本東洋医学雑誌

The author reveals that Todo Yoshimasu prescribed patients both decoctions from the <I>Shanhanglun</I> and the <I>Jinguiyaolue</I> in pill and powder formulations. The establishment of combined uses for his decoctions and pills and powders was the fruit of his many years of experience as a clinician. In his formularies are the “Juniritsuho ” which are his original twelve classes of pills and powders. In addition, his “Juniritsuho” terms originated from ancient “Juniritsu ” twelve-tones terms. Todo Yoshimasu proposed removing poison, or “Doku ” through his “Juniritsuho”, because, in his “Manbyoichidoku ” medical theory, he recognized all diseases as the action of one fundamental poison on various organs of the body. Additionally, he stated such poison results from the congestion of indigestible foods or drinks. With his clinical principles, Todo Yoshimasu insisted on the availability of abdominal palpation for the diagnosis of poison, and gave the pills and powders to take away that root of illness. Thus he applied a correspondence between the abdominal palpation of poison and “Juniritsuho” prescriptions. At the same time, he regarded “Sho ” in the <I>Shanghanlun</I> as the appearance of symptoms, and prescribed <I>Shanghanlun</I> decoctions corresponding to their “Sho”.

Study on the School of Traditional Japanese Medicine in the Dose and the Usage Directions of Medication / 日本東洋医学雑誌

The authors studied the doses and usage directions for some of the first Traditional Japanese Medicines (TJM) and reached the following conclusions. Since Dosan Manase, who had strong influence on TJM, adopted a method of selecting drugs one by one and refused to use fixed prescriptions, it has been hard to comprehend how much of any drug he administered. As criterion, he showed a half common system of weights. Ekiken Kaibara defined an extremely small dose as 1 ∼ 2 <i>qian</i>. Todo Yoshimasu set around 3 <i>qian</i> as the quantity for one dose, although he calculated that 1 <i>liang</i> was equivalent to about 2 <i>qian</i> (7.5g). Additionally, the Koshogaku school proposed that 1 <i>liang</i> was equivalent to 1.4g.

History of the Schools of Kampo Medicine / 日本東洋医学雑誌

The form of modern Kampo Medicine is made after the influence of the schools at past time. This medicine was at first imitation of TCM in China and slowly had acquired the own Japanese form. At 16 century, Dosan Manase introduced the system of TCM from Ming-China to Japan successfully and made a great school called Goei-School. Late stage of 17 century, the influence of “Shang han Lun” research boom in China came to Japan and the new school called Koho-school which was based on this Classic has established. Especially Todo Yoshimasu researched the prescriptions in this book and invented new system named “Ho sho so tai”. After then, doctors had to compromise the thinking of both school. The form of eclectic school was so various that the doctors made individual medicines. After the Meiji Restoration, Kampo Medicine was out of political system but soon obtained revival. The several great doctors of Kampo Medicine have written “Practice of Kampo Medicine” at 1941 which made the base of the modern Kampo Medicine. Current Kampo Medicine adopted a lot of modern medical researches and there are new schools which are different from the past time.