Medición de la pérdida ósea glenoidea y defecto de Hill-Sachs por resonancia magnética: estudio de correlación y concordancia con la medición por tomografía computarizada / Measurement of glenoid bone loss and Hill­Sachs defect by magnetic resonance imaging: Correlation and concordance study with computed tomography measurement

Introducción Se pretende definir si la medición de los defectos glenoideos y de Hills-Sachs por resonancia magnética es equivalente a la medición a través de tomografía simple en pacientes con inestabilidad anterior de hombro. Materiales y métodos Estudio observacional descriptivo, tipo transversal de una cohorte de estudios de imagenología de pacientes con antecedente de luxación anterior de hombro, los cuales comprenden resonancia magnética y tomografías simples de hombro, realizadas en un hospital de cuarto nivel. Resultados La cohorte estuvo conformada por 20 casos; se encontró una alta correlación y estadísticamente significativa para la medición del diámetro y defecto glenoideo, con una p<0.05 entre la resonancia y la tomografía simple. Además, se encontró con significancia estadística la medición del intervalo del Hill-Sachs, pero el índice de correlación no fue alto, 60%. Para la concordancia intraobservador, se calculó un índice Kappa para la resonancia magnética de 0.8 comparado con la tomografía con valor de p <0.05 significativo para los defectos enganchantes y no enganchantes. Conclusión La resonancia magnética simple es un método de imagen confiable con alto índice de correlación para la medición del diámetro y los defectos glenoideos con buena concordancia para establecer si los defectos de Hill-Sachs son enganchantes o no.

Introduction The aim is to define whether the measurement of glenoid and Hill­Sachs defects by magnetic resonance imaging is equivalent to the measurement by simple tomography in patients with anterior shoulder instability. Materials and methods Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study of a cohort of imaging studies of patients with a history of anterior shoulder dislocation, comprising magnetic resonance and simple tomography of the shoulder, performed in a fourth level hospital. Results The cohort consisted of 20 cases; a high and statistically significant correlation was found for the measurement of the glenoid diameter and defect, with a p<0.05 between the MRI and simple tomography. In addition, the Hill­Sachs interval measurement was found to be statistically significant, but the correlation index was not high, 60%. For intraobserver agreement, a Kappa index was calculated for MRI of 0.8 compared to CT with p-value <0.05 significant for engaging and non-engaging defects. Conclusion Simple MRI is a reliable imaging method with high correlation index for the measurement of diameter and glenoid defects with good agreement to establish whether Hill­Sachs defects are engaging or not.

Cardiopatías congénitas y nuevas técnicas de diagnóstico no invasivo: Tomografía computada multidetector (TCMD) / Congenital heart defects and new non-invasive diagnostic techniques: Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT)

Las cardiopatías congénitas presentan con frecuencia patrones anatómicos complejos y tradicionalmente se han estudiado con ecocardiografía y eventualmente con cateterismo cardíaco. Con los avances tecnológicos de las últimas décadas, la tomografía computada y la resonancia magnética nuclear han adquirido gran importancia en la evaluación cardíaca. Actualmente constituyen métodos utilizados en el estudio de variadas patologías cardiovasculares de la infancia de difícil diagnóstico ecográfico, que previamente eran evaluadas por angiografía convencional, lo cual implicaba una dosis de radiación mucho mayor (AU)

Congenital heart defects often have complex anatomical patterns and have traditionally been studied with echocardiography and eventually cardiac catheterization. With technological advances in recent decades, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have become very important in cardiac evaluation. Currently, they are the methods of choice in the study of a wide range of childhood cardiovascular diseases that are difficult to diagnose with echocardiography, which were previously evaluated using conventional angiography, involving a much higher dose of radiation (AU)

Factores asociados a la nefropatía inducida por contraste en pacientes hospitalizados a quienes se les realizó tomografia axial computarizada / Factors associated with contrast-induced nephropathy in hospitalized patients who underwent computed tomography

Resumen Introducción: la nefropatía inducida por medio de contraste es la tercera causa de insuficiencia renal aguda en pacientes hospitalizados. En múltiples estudios se ha observado que un factor importante para su desarrollo es el uso de medio de contraste vía intra-arterial y en las angiografías en general. Nuestro objetivo es identificar los factores asociados a nefropatía inducida por contraste en pacientes hospitalizados, a quienes se les realizó tomografia axial computarizada con medio de contraste yodado en una institución de salud de alta complejidad de Neiva, Colombia, durante el 2016. Materiales y métodos: se desarrolló un estudio de casos y controles no pareado con 108 pacientes, 36 casos y 72 controles hospitalizados llevados a tomografia axial computarizada diagnóstica o terapéutica con medio de contraste radiológico yodado. Resultados: los factores asociados con nefropatía inducida por medio de contraste encontrados en los pacientes hospitalizados llevados a TAC contrastada fueron, el sexo (hombre) (OR=3,22; IC=95 % 1,33 - 7,76; p=0,009), y el servicio de procedencia (hospitalización en sala general) (OR=0,26; IC=95 % 0,07 - 1,00; p=0,051).

Abstract Introduction: Contrast-induced Nephropathy is the third most common cause of acute renal failure in patients. It has been observed in several studies that an important factor is the usage of a contrast given via IV and the angiograms. Our goal is to identify the factors associated to a Contrast-induced Nephropathy in patients who had a computarized axial tomography through an iodine contrast in a health institution of high complexity in Neiva, Colombia during 2016. Material and methods: A cased study and no-matched tests were applied in 108 patients (36 cases and 76 tests), who had a computarized axial dianostic or therapeutic tomography through an iodine radiological contrast. Results: The factors associated to contrast-induced Nephropathy, through a contrast dye, found in patients who had a CAT were the gender (male) (OR=3, 22; CI=95 % 1, 33 - 7,76; p=0,009) and the place where the procedure was made (hospitalization in general wards) (OR=0,26; CI=95 % 0,07 - 1,00; p=0,051).

Influence of CT value division on dose calculation in treatment planning / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To divide computed tomography (CT) values into different ranges and investigate the influence of CT value division on dose calculation, and to propose a method to combine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with assigned CT values.Methods Ten CT images each were collected from patients with head and neck, chest, and pelvic tumors.Random sampling was performed for the CT values of main tissues or organs at the three parts, and then the mean CT value of each tissue or organ was calculated to divide the CT values into different ranges.A virtual phantom was built in the Varian Eclipse treatment planning system, and for the prescribed dose of 100 cGy, the machine output was recorded at different CT values.The influence of different CT value ranges on dose calculation was analyzed.The treatment plans of intensity-modulated radiotherapy were selected from 5 cervical cancer patients, and new CT values were assigned to the planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk to obtain new CT images.The plans were transferred to the new CT images and compared with the results on the original CT images in terms of dosimetric parameters.Results After dividing the CT values into different ranges and verifying the results in dose calculation, the CT values corresponding to different human tissues or organs were-100 to 100 HU.The influence of CT value variation on dose calculation was within 3%.In the same treatment plan, there were small differences in dosimetric parameters between new CT images and original CT images.Dmax, Dmean, D98%, D95%, D5%, and D2% of PTV were all below 3%, and Dmax and Dmean of the bladder, rectum, small intestine, femoral head, and bone marrow were below 2%.Conclusions The influence of CT value division on dose calculation in the treatment planning for pelvic tumors is acceptable, so it can be used in combination with MRI.

The correlations between 18F-FDG uptake and a variety of tumor biological indicators in C6 glioma rats with radiotherapy / 中华核医学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the relationship between 18F-FDG uptake and tumor cell density,glucose transporter expression,cellular proliferation and angiogenesis before and after radiotherapy in C6 glioma rats.MethodsThirty C6 glioma-bearing male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:A,B and C ( 10 rats in each group).Two weeks later,18F-FDG PET/CT was performed in group A.In groups B and C,18 F-FDG PET/CT was performed at 48 h and 1 week after radiotherapy,respectively.The ratio of SUVmax of tumor to muscle (T/M) was calculated.HE staining,immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to measure tumor cell density,Ki67 labeling index ( LI),microvessel density ( MVD),Glut-1 and VEGF expression quantitatively.The one-way analysis of variance and bivariate correlation analysis were used to compare the changes of each indicator and evaluate the correlation between T/M and biological indicators,respectively.Results Significant differences of T/M,tumor cell density,Ki67 LI,MVD,Glut-1 and VEGF among groups A,B and C were observed ( F =6.77,60.66,104.56,95.49,9.13,24.48,respectively,all P ＜0.05).Least significant difference (LSD) test showed that there was no significant difference between group A and B in T/M,tumor cell density and Ki67 LI ( 10.86 ± 3.31,730.50 ± 78.93,20.02 ± 2.14 vs 9.23 ± 4.56,672.70 ± 92.98,18.56 ± 2.26).However,the indicators of group C (5.16 ± 2.52,355.60 ± 72.62,7.81 ± 1.76 ) were significantly decreased compared with those of groups A and B (all P ＜0.05 ).MVD and Glut-1 expression of group B increased slightly compared with those of group A ( 19.50 ± 1.96,0.20 ± 0.09 vs 17.90 ± 2.02,0.15 ± 0.04),but the difference was not statistically significant.Nevertheless,the two indicators were significantly decreased in group C ( 8.40 +1.84 and 0.07 ±0.06,P ＜0.05).VEGF expression in group B (0.42 ±0.13) was significantly higher than that in groups A and C (0.17 ±0.04 and 0.16 ± 0.09) ( both P ＜ 0.05 ).The changes of T/M were positively correlated with the changes of tumor cell density between groups A and B ( r =O.81,P ＜ 0.05 ).Changes of T/M were positively correlated with the changes of tumor cell density,Ki67 LI,MVD and Glut-1 between groups A and C (r =O.83,0.71,0.68,0.62,all P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsThe changes of 18 F-FDG uptake in C6 glioma rats were only correlated to the changes of tumor cell density at 48 h after radiotherapy.However,the changes of 18F-FDG uptake closely correlate to the changes of a variety of biological indicators at 1 week post radiotherapy.

CT Imaging Findings of Ruptured Ovarian Endometriotic Cysts: Emphasis on the Differential Diagnosis with Ruptured Ovarian Functional Cysts

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of abnormal CT findings in patients with surgically proven ruptured endometriotic cysts, as compared with those abnormal CT findings of ruptured ovarian functional cysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 13 retrospectively identified patients with surgically confirmed ruptured ovarian endometriotic cysts and who had also undergone preoperative CT scanning during the previous seven years. As a comparative group, 25 cases of surgically confirmed ruptured ovarian functional cysts were included. We assessed the morphologic features of the cysts and the ancillary findings based on CT. RESULTS: For the endometriotic cysts, the mean maximum cyst diameter was significantly larger than that of the functional cysts (70.1 mm versus 36.4 mm, respectively, p < 0.05). The endometriotic cysts frequently had a multilocular shape and a thicker cyst wall, as compared to that of functional cysts, and these differences were statistically significant. Among the ancillary findings, endometriotic cysts showed a significantly higher prevalence of loculated ascites, ascites confined to the pelvic cavity without extension to the upper abdomen, and peritoneal strandings and infiltrations (p < 0.05). Although 11 of the 25 cases of functional cysts showed active extravasation of contrast material at the ovarian bleeding site, only one of 13 cases of endometriotic cysts showed active extravasation. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of ruptured endometriotic cyst should be suspected for a woman in whom CT reveals the presence of multilocular or bilateral ovarian cysts with a thick wall and loculated ascites confined to the pelvic cavity with pelvic fat infiltrations.

PET/CT for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis and analysis on reasons of misdiagnosis / 中华核医学杂志

Objective To retrospectively review the PET/CT imaging features of sarcoidosis and improve the diagnostic accuracy of this benign disease.Methods The PET/CT imaging characteristics and clinical data, including lesion size, distribution, standardized uptake value (SUV) and the ratio of misdiagnosis, of 11 sarcoidosis patients (5 confirmed pathologically and 6 clinically) were retrospectively analyzed.Results (1) Eleven patients had lymph node involvement:mediastinum and hilar lymphadenopathy in 11/11, supraclavicular fossa lymphadenopathy in 8/11, retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy in 8/11, pelvic cavity lymphadenopathy in 3/11.(2) Extrathoracic lesions were found in 7/11 with 4 lung involvement, 2 liver involvement, 1 parotid gland and temporalis involvement and 1 bilateral iliac and sacral bone involvement.(3) The size of the lesions ranged from 1.0 to 4.6 cm and the CT density ranged from 30 to 40 HU.The lesions in the lung are hypodense and in the liver are slightly hypo-or iso-dense.18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake of all lesions was definitely increased in 6 cases; 18F-FDG uptake of some lesions was moderately or definitely increased in 2 cases, and slightly increased uptake in 3 cases.(4) The PET/CT diagnosis was consistent with the final diagnosis in 6/11.The 5 cases of misdiagnosis were malignant lymphoma (4/11) and lung cancer ( 1/11 ).Conclusions Differentiation between sarcoidosis and lymphoma in patients presenting with hilar lynphadenopathy can be difficult.Whole-body PET/CT may be helpful in the differentiation of the two diseases.

The study of blood circulation time in cephalic and cervical vessel with 64-slice CT / 重庆医科大学学报

0.05. While between IJV and SSS it was 1.31 second, between MCA and SSS 6.06 second, between CCA and IJV 7.59 second. At the same time of TP, the left common carolid artery adjacent to the fourth cervical verlebrae and IJV enhanced significantly more than the M1 segment of lett middle cerebral artery and SSS. Conclusion:The TP in Cerebral Vessels and Cephalic and Cervical Vessel was not obviously difference testing by contrast agenl mass injection method. So we can deduce lhe scan-delay-time in cerebral and cervix with VCTDSA by the TP with CT perfusion dynamic scan.

The Etiological Diagnosis of Enlarged Superior Ophthalmic Vein with Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography / 第二军医大学学报

B-ultrasonography and/or CT scannings of 84 cases of enlarged superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) were analysed morphologically and etiologically. Carotid-cavernous fistula, ophthalmic Graves disease, Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, orbital vascular deformity, inflammation at the apex of the orbit, orbital pseudo tumor, intraorbital hematoma and thrombosis of the SOV might induce enlargement of SOV. Associated with other Findings of intraorbital tissues revealed by CT and B-ultrasonography, the etiological diagnosis of the enlarged SOV could be made. The dynamic findings of the SOV rendered by B-ultrasonography and Doppler ultrasonic play an important role in the diagnosis of carotid-cavernous fistula.