Validity and reliability of a localized nursing assessment guide for symptoms of anxiety and depression among admitted adult cardiac Filipino patients

@#One of the most commonly used tools by clinicians to identify cases of anxiety and depression in medically ill patients is the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, or the HADS Filipino version. However, there were some “gray areas” with its use, particularly for those who are in the non-psychiatric setting. Some translated items may pertain to something else which could influence patients' responses. Furthermore, local studies showed differences in the conception, understanding, and expression of depression unique to Filipino culture and could be potentially missed during the assessment. This paper determined the validity and reliability of the Anxiety and Depression Symptom Assessment Guide or ADSAto a sample of 91 adult cardiac Filipino patients in the in-patient setting.@*@#In addition to the 29-item ADSAtool that was generated from HADS, the review of literature and other sources was also reviewed by experts from two rounds of Delphi Survey. It was written in a yes-or-no format and available in both English and Filipino versions. The tool was tested for internal consistency, intra-class and inter-item reliability. Another test used was criterion-based validity utilizing HADS to identify cases of anxiety and depression. The results showed that ADSAis highly reliable with Cronbach's alpha of 0.97, poor-to-moderate intra-class correlation (0.670 for anxiety, 0.440 for depression), and consistent/acceptable interitem correlation (0.528 for anxiety, 0.382). Both HADS and ADSAwere positively correlated with correlation coefficients of 0.667 and 0.391 (p-value<0.5) for anxiety and depression respectively. Using a cut-off score of 5, ADSA has moderate sensitivity and specificity of 72.5% and 78.4% for anxiety, and 66.7% and 64.3% for depression. Further research is needed to strengthen ADSA's validity by increasing the sample size and the multi-center sites.

Development and validation of culture competence tool for Filipino nurses

Background@#There are several metrics for determining cultural competency in nurses, but none of them apply to Filipino nurses caring for patients with mental health issues in the Philippines setting. @*Purpose@#The goal of this study was to create a cultural competency tool for Filipino nurses (CCTFN) caring for patients with mental health issues in hospitals, communities, or schools. @*Methodology@#A sequential exploratory design was used. The qualitative phase utilized a scoping review and guided interviews, followed by the quantitative phase involving the validity test by five experts and the reliability tests participated by 140 nurses in Zamboanga City. IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 was used to examine the data. @*Results@#The scoping review utilized PRISMA to search for eligible articles and the interviews resulted in an initial 51-item pool. The tool's content validity (S-CVI=0.992) was confirmed by a panel of experts. The inter-rater (ICC=0.773), inter-item (α =0.838) reliability, and exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors that accounted for 68.38 percent variance, resulting in 25 valid items. The four factors were “awareness on the Filipino concept of mental illness,” “attitudes towards fostering an efficient relationship between patient with mental health problems and self,” “skills in addressing cultural needs and issues of patients with mental health problems,” and “knowledge on socio-political factors affecting patients with mental health problems.” @*Conclusion/Implications for Practice@#Overall, the CCTFN was found to be valid and reliable. This tool can improve nursing care and inform training programs in the Philippines to improve mental health service provision and reduce stigma.

Development and content validation of the adaptation process in Academia Questionnaire for Occupational Therapy Educators

Objective@#The process of adaptation in academia can best be understood and measured using valid and reliable tools. To understand how occupational therapy educators adapt to academic roles and how they use adaptation to build academic careers, the Adaptation Process in Academia Questionnaire (APA-Q) was developed. The APA-Q is a 199-item tool with four sections: academic experiences (104 items); contexts (16 items); adapting responses (13 items); and adaptation outcomes (66 items). This study described the development and the process of determining the content validity of the APA-Q.@*Method@#We conducted an extensive review of literature and the available faculty instruments in developing the APA-Q items. Six content experts were recruited to rate the 199-item and scale relevance of the instrument. Qualitative feedback were provided from open-ended questions. Item and scale content validity indices (I-CVI/S-CVI) were calculated. CVI and qualitative assessment informed questionnaire revisions.@*Results@#Content experts rated 161 of the items (81%) to be highly relevant. The I-CVI of 30 items was acceptable (0.83). Eight items were rated irrelevant (0.5-0.66). S-CVI was excellent (0.97). In terms of constructs, experts agreed on the relevance of items (>0.80): academic experiences (99 or 95%); contexts (16 or 100%); adapting responses (12 or 92%); and adaptation outcomes (63 or 95%). Qualitative assessment indicated a lack of clarity in some items and instructions, redundancy in some of the items, the use of jargon, and missing items. Based on I-CVI and qualitative assessment, 12 items were deleted, 13 items were revised, and 10 items were added. @*Conclusion@#Context experts deemed the APA-Q to be relevant. Further establishment of its construct validity and reliability is warranted.

Development of oral health literacy assessment tool for fifth and sixth grade elementary school students / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to develop and appraise an oral health literacy assessment tool for upper elementary school students. METHODS: Twenty-eight preliminary assessment items were developed on the basis of various types of oral health education literature for children. They contained verbal and functional sections and they were classified into 2 cognitive processes (literal and inferential). The questionnaires were analyzed using the testAn v.1.0 program for identified Cronbach's α, item discrimination, and difficulty through classical test theory. A final evaluation tool was developed and selected by conducting three surveys and 20 items. RESULTS: The final survey was completed by 132 fifth and sixth grade elementary school students in Seoul. The Cronbach's α value, item discrimination, and difficulty were .71, .38, and .75, respectively. The mean score for oral health literacy of children was 14.9 (±3.2, theoretical range: 0-20, 75% correct answers). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that this tool could be relied on to help determine the level of oral health literacy in children and in preparing appropriate oral health education programs for children.

Escala Calidez de Enfermagem (ECAE): construção e validação / Nursing Warmth Scale (ECAE): construction and validation

Introdução: Calor humano (calidez em espanhol) é um atributo de grande importância na saúde, mas pouco estudado. Não existe um conceito universalmente aceito sobre calor humano, quais os fatores que o compõem ou como medi-lo. Os objetivos do estudo foram identificar os comportamentos e fatores de calor humano, construir definição desse construto e uma escala para medí-lo. Método: Estudo metodológica para construir e validar uma escala. Foi desenvolvido em três fases, de acordo com o proposto por Pasquali. Na fase de procedimentos teóricos foram identificados na literatura e por meio de entrevistas a 23 pacientes e 25 enfermeiras, comportamentos representativos de calor humano em enfermagem. Na fase empírica, esses comportamentos foram testados junto a pacientes internados. A fase analítica foi a identificação de fatores e das propriedades psicométricas. Resultados: A escala foi testada em 476 pacientes de instituições públicas e privadas. A análise psicométrica foi realizada utilizando o método de factores comuns, eixos principais e a rotação oblíqua. A Análise Fatorial Exploratória identificou 5 fatores e 35 itens e o Alfa de Cronbach testo a confiabilidade. Os fatores foram: F1-Conexão- relação não-verbal para o outro ( =0,943), F2-Empatia ( =0,909), F3- Conexão- relação verbal para o outro ( =0,914), F4- Inclusão ( =0,858) e F5- Confiança ( =0,852). O Alfa Cronbach total foi 0,93. O Índice de Tucker Lewis foi de 0,901. É possível obter-se escore por fator e total da ECAE e quando mais alto o escore, maior o calor humano. Após as fases teórica, empirica e analítica do estudo o conceito de calor humano foi estabelecido como O calorhumano é a capacidade de estabelecer e manter um relacionamento próximo e acolhedor que demonstre por meio de comportamentos verbais e não verbais, conexão e relacionamento com os outros, empatia, inclusão e confiança, de modo que, para o outro, significa uma experiência agradável. Conclusão: Construíu-se a Escala de Calor Humano em Enfermagem (ECAE), propos-se o conceito de calor humano em enfermagem e chave de escore para medir esse fenômeno. Trata-se de contribuição original que pode ser útil na clínica, ensino e pesquisa para a avaliação das competências interpessoais em enfermagem.

Introduction: Warmth is an important attribute in health care; however, it is a scarcely studied phenomenon. There is no universally accepted concept of warmth, component description and/or measurement. The purposes of this research were to identify behaviors and factors associated with warmth, build a definition of this construct and a scale to measure it. Method: Methodological study about the building and validation of a measurement scale, developed in three phases, as proposed by Pasquali. In the theoretical phase, behaviors associated with warmth in nursing were identified by reviewing the literature and interviewing 23 patients and 25 nurses. In the empirical phase, these behaviors were tested with inpatients. In the analytical phase, factors and psychometric properties were identified. Results: The scale was applied to 476 patients of public and private institutions. The psychometric analysis was performed using the common factor method, main axes and oblique rotation. The Exploratory Factor Analysis identified 5 factors and 35 items, and Cronbachs Alpha measured reliability. The factors were: F1 - Non-verbal connection-relationship with the other (=0.943), F2 - Empathy (=0.909), F3 - Verbal connection-relationship with the other (=0.914), F4 - Inclusion (=0.858) and F5 - Confidence (=0.852). The total Cronbachs Alpha was 0.93. The Tucker-Lewis index was 0.901. It is possible to obtain a score by factor and by total, and the higher the score, the higher the human warmth. After the theoretical, empirical and analytical phases of the study, the construct was established as warmth is the ability to establish and maintain a close, welcoming relationship that demonstrates, through verbal and non-verbal behaviors, connection and relationship with the other person, empathy, inclusion and confidence, so that it finally means a pleasant experience for the other person. Conclusion: The Nursing Warmth Scale (ECAE) was developed, and a concept of warmth in nursing and a measurement scale were proposed. It is an original contribution that may be useful in clinical practices, teaching and research for the evaluation of interpersonal skills in nursing.

Development of a Tool for Predicting Nursing Times in Occupational Accident Patients / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study aims to develop a tool to predict occupational health patients' nursing needs or nursing time. METHOD: A tool was composed based on the materials and opinion of experts, and to verify the reliability and validity of the tool, nursing time of total 311 inpatients in 2 occupational health hospitals were surveyed. RESULTS: The developed tool was total 151 items and composed of physical function, cognitive function, communication, emotional and disturbance behavior, nursing skill, and rehabilitation need. The reliability of the tool was high, showing Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.95. But several items should be deleted for low corrected item-total correlation. According to the multiple regression analysis, physical function and rehabilitation need were shown to be the most powerful predictive variables for nursing time. CONCLUSION: The developed tool was appeared to have high reliability and validity. But further refinement of the tool is needed.