RESUMO
Glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy that affects the retinal ganglion cells, characterized by optic disc atrophy, visual field defects, and visual acuity loss. Since glaucoma is a chronic disease, long-term use of topical intraocular pressure-lowering medications often leads to ocular surface diseases, thus reducing medication adherence and ultimately affecting treatment efficacy. Currently, topical intraocular pressure-lowering medications include prostaglandin derivatives, β-adrenergic blockers, α-adrenergic agonists, topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and cholinergic drugs. This article provides a comprehensive review of the effects and related mechanisms of these five antiglaucoma medications on the ocular surface of glaucoma patients and offers preventative measures for the protection of ocular surface in glaucoma patients.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: This study was conducted to understand the eye drop application method in patients with glaucoma. METHODS: A survey was performed in 5 hospitals on patients diagnosed with glaucoma using eye drops for more than 1 month. Variables associated with eye drop application such as pressing on a dacryocyst after application, time interval between multiple eye drop medications, hygienic management of an eye dropper and shaking a bottle of eye drops before use were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 581 patients were surveyed in the present study. Regarding pressing on a dacryocyst after applying eye drops, 58 (10%) patients responded always, 103 patients (18%) sometimes, and 409 patients (70%) never. Three hundred fifteen patients (54%) did not touch the eye dropper to their eyes, 190 patients (33%) always shook the eye drop bottle before use and 106 patients (18%) shook the bottle sometimes. CONCLUSIONS: When using eye drops for glaucoma to reduce the intraocular pressure, most patients are committing errors, reducing the effect of treatment and likely causing side effects. When prescribing eye drops to glaucoma patients, the physician should educate patients on the proper method of application.
Assuntos
Humanos , Olho , Glaucoma , Pressão Intraocular , Soluções OftálmicasRESUMO
We assessed quantitatively conjunctival biopsy specimens from 48 primary open angle glaucoma patients[62 eyes]undergoing filtration surgery by light microscopy. The patients were subdivided depending on age, sex, and their therapeutic regimen and duration before surgery. With age, there was a significant increase in lymphocytes and macrophages within the substantia propria of conjunctiva[p<0.05]. The longer the total treatment duration with topical antiglaucoma medication was, the higher the number of lymphocytes and macrophages were[p<0.05]. Whereas, when the treatment duration was adjusted, there was no significant difference between the single therapeutic regimen group and the multiple regimen group. There were some differences in the number of fibroblasts, lymphocytes and macrophages between the group that needed postoperative-antiglaucoma medication[surgical failure group]and the group without postoperative-antiglaucoma medication[surgical success group]but there were no statistically significant differences. In conclusion, administration of topical medication induced a significant degree of subclinical inflammation and change of conjunctival cell profile. However it did not depend on multiple drug regimen but on total treatment duration.