Prótesis traqueal implante prolongado: 10 años / Tracheal Prosthesis Prolonged Implant: 10 Years

Se analizó la prótesis extraída de un paciente con estenosis traqueal benigna, luego de 10 años de implantada, en comparación con otro dispositivo nuevo. Se realizaron pruebas de simulación de envejecimiento en laboratorio. Se determinaron condiciones funcionales y se analizan causas de fracasos terapéuticos. Se proponen cambios de modalidades en la conducta terapéutica endoquirúrgico de la estenosis traqueal.

We analyzed the extracted stent from a patient with benign tracheal stenosis who had a stent for over ten years, in comparison with a new disposal, and we performed simulation "aging" tests in the laboratory. We determined functional conditions and analyzed factors of therapeutic failure. We propose changing modalities in endo-surgical treatment of tracheal stenosis.

Repermeabilización de la vía aérea con prótesis traqueobronquiales: 300 casos / Treatment of airways obstruction with tracheobronchial prostheses: 300 cases

Objetivo: Presentación de repermeabilización de la vía aérea en 300 pacientes en la sección Endoscopía Respiratoria del Hospital Tornú, 115 mujeres (38.33%) y 185 varones (61.66%) de entre 14 y 86 años. Edad media 52±16.26. Material: Informes de broncoscopías intervencionistas efectuadas para tratar a 300 pacientes con obstrucción total o parcial de la vía aérea debida a lesiones de naturaleza benigna o maligna, realizadas en el período 15.9.1997-1.1.2010. Fueronincluidos los pacientes que tuviesen criterios de repermeabilización: que presentasen una estenosis traqueal benigna con reducción de la luz con un diámetro igual o menor a 8 mm, en todos los casos de estenosis bronquial benigna que afectasen el 50% dela luz y pacientes con tumores endotraqueobronquiales que ocluyeran el 50% o más. Se excluyeron casos en que resultara posible tratamiento quirúrgico a cielo abierto, aquellos que presentaban compromiso del parénquima pulmonar o de la luz bronquial distal a la obstrucción y pacientes con derrame pleural o atelectasia de más de dosmeses de evolución. Resultados: Se practicaron 388 procedimientos terapéuticos y se logró repermeabilizarla vía aérea en el 96.33% de los casos. La tolerancia a los stents fue de 99.68% y del 100% para las prótesis de silicona sin metal. La tasa de complicaciones fue del 6.32%, con hemorragia en primer término. La mortalidad atribuible al tratamiento fue de 0.25%. Conclusiones: La broncoscopía rígida restableció la luz en obstrucciones de la vía aérea con una tasa de éxito superior al 96%. Las prótesis de silicona con diseños estenóticos resultan más eficaces que los modelos rectos para el tratamiento de las estenosis traqueales benignas.

Objective: To report interventions carried out to treat obstruction of the airways in 300 patients at the Respiratory Endoscopy Unit, Tornu Hospital, Buenos Aires. Materials: The study was a retrospective review of reports on bronchoscopies carriedout in 300 patients with total or partial obstruction of the airways due to benign or malignant conditions between 15 September 1997 and 31 December 2009. The study included patients with signs of benign tracheal stenosis, i.e. with a lumen diameter reduced to 8 mm or less, all cases of benign bronchial stenosis compromising 50% of the lumen, and patients with endotracheobronchial tumors obstructing 50% or more of the lumen. Patients who could be treated through surgical resection and those whohad images of lung compromise or distal bronchial obstruction were excluded. Also patients with pleural effusion or atelectasis for more than two months were excluded. Results: Among the 300 patients, 115 were females (38.33%) and 185 males (61.66%) from 14 to 86 years of age. Mean age was 52 years ± 16.26. The obstruction was solved in 96.33% of 388 interventions. Stents were well tolerated in 99.68% of cases and non metallic silicone prostheses in 100% of cases. The complication ratewas 6.32%; hemorrhage was the most frequent complication. Case fatality attributable to the therapeutic intervention was 0.25%.

Autogenous Mucosa-Lined Tracheal Prosthesis / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Reliable prosthetic or tissue graft of trachea for reconstruction of large, circumferential tracheal defect has not yet been developed. The major limitations in this area have been anastomotic dehiscence and stenosis, which are attributed to poor epithelialization and vascularization of prosthetic grafts. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We developed a new tracheal prosthesis which has a viable lined mucosa and is well-vascularized. The prosthesis consists of Prolene mesh reinforced with polypropylene rings, and is coated with gelatin. We lined the luminal surface of the prosthesis with transplanted autogenous oral mucosa and wrapped the prosthesis with greater omentum. Animal experiments were performed using 8 adult Mongrel dogs. RESULTS: The transplanted mucosa and the greater omentum that was wrapped were tightly adhered to the prosthesis to make a single unit within two weeks. The mucosa survived well, having been vascularized by new vessels from the greater omentum, and showed normal histology. CONCLUSION: We concluded that this highly biocompatible tracheal prosthesis could be very useful for stage4 reconstruction of tracheal defects.