ADULT TRACHEOSTOMY CHANGE IN THE COMMUNITY

@#A tracheostomy is a procedure involving stoma creation through the skin and into the trachea. It can be done surgically or via a percutaneous dilatational technique.1 A tracheostomy tube is the piece of equipment that is left in situ. There is an increasing number of patients with tracheostomy tubes living in the community in Singapore. Therefore, it benefits community physicians to be aware of some aspects of tracheostomy tube components and change. This article will cover indications and contraindications, components, complications and provide an overview of tracheostomy tube change in the community setting.

Treatment of intractable aspiration after partial laryngectomy by cuffed tracheostomy tube with inner cannula / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the efficacy of cuffed tracheostomy tube with inner cannula for the treatment of intractable aspiration after partial laryngectomy.@*Methods@#From May 2010 to June 2015, 15 patients with intractable aspiration after partial laryngectomy of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma were enrolled. Cuffed tracheostomy tube with inner cannula was used in the 15 patients for treatment of intractable aspiration. The patients and their family were trained to manage the cuffed tracheostomy tube with inner cannula and to eat since the 14th day after surgery. Cuff was initially inflated with 10 ml air and then deflated of 0.5 ml air every 2-3 days. Until the inflation of cuff was no longer required, the cuffed tracheostomy tube was replaced by metal tracheostomy tube. The patients′ swallowing function and aspiration were evaluated 6 months after treatment.@*Results@#The 15 cases with intractable aspiration were treated with cuffed tracheostomy tube with inner cannula and after 2-3 months, 14 of them replaced the cuffed tracheostomy tubes with inner cannula by metal tracheostomy tubes and recovered oral eating, and tracheostomy tubes were no longer required for 12 of 14 patients in following 3-6 months, showing a total decannulation rate of 80% in the patients with refractory aspiration.@*Conclusion@#It was safe and effective to treat aspiration after laryngeal and hypopharyngeal surgery with cuffed tracheostomy tube with inner cannula.

Retrieval of Fractured Metallic Tracheostomy Tube – An Innovative Approach.

Permanent tracheostomy following total laryngectomy is a common practice. Distal migration of fractured tracheostomy tube in such patient is a rare complication. We report this rare occurrence in which flexible bronchoscopy guided retrieval of migrated tracheostomy tube was failed. We applied an innovative approach to safely remove the migrated fractured metallic tracheostomy tube.

Rotura de la cánula de traqueostomía: una causa rara de dificultad respiratoria en el nino traqueotomizado. Caso clínico / Fractured tracheostomy tube: a rare cause of respiratory distress in the tracheotomized child. Case report

La fractura y migración de la cánula de traqueostomía en el árbol traqueobronquial es una complicación poco frecuente de la traqueostomía. El diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento adecuado son esenciales debido al riesgo potencial de obstrucción respiratoria fatal. El diagnóstico se debe sospechar en todo niño traqueotomizado que presenta dificultad respiratoria. Se confirma mediante radiografía de tórax y examen endoscópico. El tratamiento de elección es la remoción endoscópica de la cánula aspirada a través del estoma traqueal. Describimos la presentación clínica y el manejo de la rotura de cánula de traqueostomía que se presentó como cuerpo extrano en la vía aérea de un niño de 18 meses. También incluimos recomendaciones para el cuidado de la traqueostomía.

Fracture and migration of the tracheotomy tube in the tracheobronchial tree is an uncommon complication of tracheotomy. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are essential because of the potential risk of fatal respiratory obstruction. Diagnosis should be suspected in all tracheotomized children undergoing breathing difficulties. It is confirmed by chest x-ray and endoscopic examination. The recommended treatment includes the endoscopic removal of the aspirated cannula through the tracheal stoma. We describe the clinical presentation and the management of a broken tracheotomy tube which was presented as a foreign body in the airway of a 18-month-old child. Recommendations for tracheostomy care are listed.

Observation of the use of percutaneous tracheostomy tube for closed drainage of pneumothorax in intensive care unit / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To explore the effect of the transcutaneous tracheostomy tube in patients with pneumothorax and its clinical value. Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. Thirty-two patients with pneumothorax admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine of Harrison International Peace Hospital of Hebei Medical University from June 2010 to June 2014 were enrolled. The patients were divided into control group and observation group,with 16 cases in each group. Beside the treatment for primary disease,the patients in control group received thoracic close drainage with traditional silica gel tube as performed by thoracic surgeons,and those in observation group received thoracic close drainage with transcutaneous tracheostomy tube by intensive care doctors. The curative effect and complications of the two groups were observed. Results Compared with control group,the time from diagnosis to operation(minutes:8.00±1.36 vs. 23.06±3.83,t=14.790,P=0.000)and the operation time were significantly shortened(days:5.37±1.02 vs. 7.31±1.70,t=7.286,P=0.000),the frequency of drainage tube replacement(times:0.18±0.40 vs. 3.87±1.14,t=12.128,P=0.000)and the times of repeated chest radiography(times:1.12±0.34 vs. 2.93±0.77,t=8.589,P=0.000)in observation group were significantly reduced,the length of hospital day was significantly shortened(days:8.30±1.37 vs. 24.56±5.62,t=17.289, P=0.000),the rates of dislocation of drainage tube(0 vs. 3 cases),obstruction of the tube(0 vs. 5 cases),and subcutaneous emphysema(3 vs. 16 cases)were reduced obviously,but there was no difference in incidence of incision infection(1 vs. 3 cases)and infection of thoracic cavity(0 vs. 2 cases). Conclusions The usage of transcutaneous tracheostomy tube in patients with pneumothorax is safe and simple. Doctors in ICU can independently do this procedure,and its effect is positive.

Fractured tracheostomy tube migrating into the tracheobronchial tree: A rare complication.

Tracheostomy is a life saving procedure and many patients are discharged with permanent tracheostomy tubes. We report the rare occurrence of a fractured tracheostomy tube migrating into the tracheobronchial tree and highlight the clinical manifestations of this uncommon complication that carries the potential risk of fatal respiratory obstruction.

Anesthetic experience of a patient with tracheomegaly: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

Tracheomegaly or tracheobronchomegaly is a rare syndrome that consists of marked dilatation of the trachea and the major bronchi, and this is usually due to a congenital defect of the elastic and muscle fibers of the tracheobroncheal tree. Physicians have had only limited experience with performing anesthesia in patients with this type of syndrome. This syndorme is diagnosed by roentenological investigation and this condition is frequently associated with chronic respiratory infection and partial airway obstruction. In this report, we present a case of performing tracheostomy for a patient with tracheomegaly, and this was probably secondary to mechanical ventilator therapy. The regular tracheostomy tube did not provided sufficient length to allow the cuff to lie properly in the trachea in this patient. Because of the peri-cuff air leakgae and hypercapnea after tracheostomy, we needed a longer tracheostomy tube. But we didn't have such a tube and we didn't know any other method, so we couldn't perform tracheostomy. Therefore, we introduced a method of reducing the length of the endotracheal tube to a suitable size until a longer tracheostomy tube can be obtained for those patients having tracheomegaly.

Anesthetic experience of a patient with tracheomegaly: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

Tracheomegaly or tracheobronchomegaly is a rare syndrome that consists of marked dilatation of the trachea and the major bronchi, and this is usually due to a congenital defect of the elastic and muscle fibers of the tracheobroncheal tree. Physicians have had only limited experience with performing anesthesia in patients with this type of syndrome. This syndorme is diagnosed by roentenological investigation and this condition is frequently associated with chronic respiratory infection and partial airway obstruction. In this report, we present a case of performing tracheostomy for a patient with tracheomegaly, and this was probably secondary to mechanical ventilator therapy. The regular tracheostomy tube did not provided sufficient length to allow the cuff to lie properly in the trachea in this patient. Because of the peri-cuff air leakgae and hypercapnea after tracheostomy, we needed a longer tracheostomy tube. But we didn't have such a tube and we didn't know any other method, so we couldn't perform tracheostomy. Therefore, we introduced a method of reducing the length of the endotracheal tube to a suitable size until a longer tracheostomy tube can be obtained for those patients having tracheomegaly.

The approach on methods of replacing tracheostomy tube after incision of trachea in 48 hours / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To explore the more secure and available methods in replacing traeheostomy tube.Methods Sixty patients with incision of trachea were divided into group A(29 eases)and group B (31 cases)randomly.The new method was used in group A with putting a catheter into the old tracheostomy tube before taking it out,and placing the new tracheostomy tube under the guide of catheter.While the traditional method was used in group B.The heart rate,SpO2,manipulation time,perioperative haemorrhage, and the condition of entering the false passage were recorded.Results The heart rate,SpO2 were no significant difference before and after manipulation in group A,but the heart rate increased and SpO2 decreased in group B(P<0.01 or<0.05).The manipulation time was(50.5±4.2) s in group A,and (84.9±5.3) s in group B(P<0.05).The perioperative haemorrhage >3 ml and the condition of entering the false passage in group A(2 Cases,o cage)were less than those in group B(15 cases.5 cases)(P<0.01 or<0.05).Conclusion The new method in replacing tracheostomy tube which use an input catheter is more security and more availability.