Trayectorias académicas de los estudiantes de licenciaturas de ciencias de la salud / Health sciences undergraduate students academic track records

Resumen Antecedentes: El análisis de las trayectorias académicas es fundamental para evaluar la formación de los estudiantes y la estructura de los programas de estudio de educación superior, lo que permite diagnosticar y prevenir el rezago y abandono escolar. Objetivo: Analizar las diferencias en las trayectorias académicas de los estudiantes de las licenciaturas en ciencias de la salud de la UNAM de las generaciones 2001 a 2016. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohortes reales; se calcularon tasas de egreso y rezago. Se realizó ANOVA para contrastar el egreso entre planteles por carrera y tiempo. Para identificar los períodos críticos se utilizaron funciones de supervivencia con el método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: En las licenciaturas en enfermería y medicina se observaron los menores porcentajes de rezago; enfermería presentó los mayores porcentajes de egreso, sobre todo en la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza; odontología mostró los menores índices de egreso y mayores índices de abandono y rezago. Las mujeres mostraron mayor egreso y menor riesgo de abandono y rezago. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de las licenciaturas en enfermería, medicina y psicología de las facultades de estudios superiores Zaragoza e Iztacala, con programas modulares, alcanzaron los mayores porcentajes de egreso y menores índices de abandono y rezago.

Abstract Background: Academic track record analysis is essential for evaluating the training of students and the structure of higher education study programs, which allows diagnosing and preventing educational lag and school dropout. Objective: To analyze the differences in academic track records of UNAM health sciences undergraduate students from generations 2001 to 2016. Material and methods: Study of real cohorts; graduation and lag rates were calculated. ANOVA was used to contrast the graduation rates between campuses by undergraduate program and time. To identify critical periods, survival functions were used with Kaplan-Meier’s method. Results: The lowest percentages of lag were observed in nursing and medicine students; nursing students had the highest graduation rates, especially at Zaragoza campus; dentistry students had the lowest graduation rates and the highest dropout and lag rates. Women showed higher graduation rates and lower risk of dropout and lag. Conclusions: Nursing, medicine and psychology undergraduate students at Zaragoza and Iztacala campuses, with modular programs, achieved the highest graduation percentages and the lowest dropout and lag rates.

Trayectorias de función pulmonar en asma persistente: del preescolar al escolar / Lung function trajectories in persistent asthma: from preschool to schoolchildren

Introducción: Se han informado patrones de deterioro temprano de la función pulmonar en el asma pediátrica. Nuestro objetivo fue identificar las trayectorias de la función pulmonar en la espirometría, desde la edad preescolar hasta la edad escolar. Materiales: Estudio prospectivo realizado entre el 2016 y el 2021. Se reclutaron pacientes con asma persistente a quienes se les realizó oscilometría de impulso (IOS)-espirometría al inicio y después de 3 años. La espirometría anormal se definió de acuerdo con las guías ATS/ERS. Métodos: se utilizó χ2 y ANOVA para comparar las características clínicas y promedios de parámetros de la espirometría e IOS entre trayectorias. Resultados: 86 pacientes, promedio de edad 5,3 y 8,3 años en su primera y segunda evaluación. El 70,9% de los pacientes mantuvo la espirometría normal en ambas evaluaciones (trayectoria 1), el 9,3% presentó espirometría preescolar anormal que normalizó en la edad escolar (trayectoria 2) y el 19,8% espirometría en anormal en ambas evaluaciones (trayectoria 3). La trayectoria 3 registró menor peso promedio al nacer (2,4 kg vs 3,02 kg p = 0,04), mayor promedio de exacerbaciones (5,3 vs 2,01 p = 0,00002), mayor promedio de hospitalizaciones (0,61 vs 0,16 p = 0,04), parámetros promedio más bajos en espirometría (relación VEF1/CVF %, relación VEF0,75/CVF %, VEF0,75 L, VEF0,5 L), promedios más bajos en X5 kPa/Ls y más altos en AX kPa/Ls, que la trayectoria 1. Conclusiones: La trayectoria 1 fue la más frecuente, con persistencia de función pulmonar normal. La trayectoria 3, la segunda más frecuente, inició seguimiento con función pulmonar disminuida en la espirometría y disfunción de vía aérea pequeña en el IOS que se mantuvo en la edad escolar. Los niños que siguieron la trayectoria 3 tuvieron menor peso al nacer, más exacerbaciones y hospitalizaciones que los niños de la trayectoria 1.

Introduction: Patterns of early decline in lung function have been reported in pediatric asthma. Our objective was to identify pulmonary function trajectories in spirometry, from preschool age to school age. Materials: Prospective study conducted between 2016 and 2021. Patients with persistent asthma who underwent impulse oscillometry (IOS)-spirometry at baseline and after 3 years were recruited. Abnormal spirometry was defined according to ATS/ERS guidelines. Methods: χ2 and ANOVA was used to compare clinics characteristics and means of IOS-spirometry parameters between trajectories. Results: 86 patients, mean age of 5,3 and 8,3 years in their first and second evaluation. 70.9% of the patients maintained normal spirometry in both evaluations (Track 1), 9.3% presented abnormal preschool spirometry that normalized at school age (Track 2) and 19.8% abnormal spirometry in both evaluations (Track 3). Trajectory 3 had a lower average birth weight (2,4 kg vs 3,02 kg p = 0,04), higher average of exacerbations (5,3 vs 2,01 p = 0,00002), higher average of hospitalizations (0,61 vs 0,16 p = 0,04), lowest averages parameters in spirometry (FEV1/FVC % ratio, FEV0,75/FVC % ratio, FEV0,75 L, FEV0,5 L), lower average in X5 kPa/Ls and higher in AX kPa/Ls, than trajectory 1. Conclusions: Trajectory 1 was the most common, with persistent normal lung function. Trajectory 3, the second most frequent, started follow-up with decreased lung function in spirometry and small airway disfunction in the IOS that were maintained at school age. Children who followed trajectory 3 had lower birth weight, more exacerbations, and hospitalizations than children in trajectory 1.

Glutamyl transpeptidase trajectories and new-onset metabolic syndrome: A cohort study / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To explore the association between glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) trajectories and new-onset metabolic syndrome to provide insights for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome.Methods:A total of 3 209 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study cohort of physical examination population. The GGT levels before follow-up were classified by R LCTMtools program into 3 GGT trajectory groups: low-stable group, medium-stable group and high-stable group. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the correlation between different GGT trajectories and new-onset metabolic syndrome.Results:At the end of follow-up in 2020, the cumulative incidence of metabolic syndrome was 7.0%, and the incidence of metabolic syndrome in the low-stable group, medium-stable group and high-stable group were 3.9%, 11.4%, and 15.0%, respectively, showing a growth trend ( P<0.001). After adjusting for multiple confounding factors by Cox proportional hazards regression model, the risk of metabolic syndrome in medium-stable group and high-stable group increased in the total population. The hazard ratios (95% CI)for the high stable group in males and the medium-stable group in females were 1.67(1.07-2.60) and 3.29(1.14-9.53), respectively, compared with their respective low-stable group. Conclusion:Elevated longitudinal trajectory of GGT is a risk factor for new-onset metabolic syndrome, the risk of metabolic syndrome in the total population increased with the increase of long-term GGT level. It is recommended to maintain the long-term level of GGT at about 28 U/L in males and 14 U/L in females, respectively, to achieve the goal of early prevention of metabolic syndrome.

El género como cuestión de clase en las trayectorias intergeneracionales en buenos aires

En este artículo se analiza la intersección entre clase social y género en trayectorias biográficas de varones y mujeres de Buenos Aires nacidos en las décadas de los sesenta y setenta. Se analizan 35 relatos de vida basados en entrevistas en profundidad, que relevaron información ocupacional, educativa y familiar, así como sobre eventos y transiciones biográficas. Las trayectorias de clase y los condicionamientos derivados de la posición social adoptan modalidades específicas según género y están sujetas a mecanismos específicos del ámbito doméstico en los que interviene la dimensión de género.

This article analyzes the intersection between social class and gender in biographical trajectories of men and women from Buenos Aires born in the sixties and seventies. We analyzed 35 life stories based on in-depth interviews, which revealed occupational, educational and family information, as well as events and biographical transitions. Class trajectories and conditioning factors derived from the social position adopt specific modalities according to gender and are subject to specific mechanisms of domestic life in which gender dimension incides.

Identidade(s) em movimento: ações coletivas e multiplicidade nas trajetórias juvenis / Identity(s) in movement: collective actions and multiplicity in youth / Identidad(es) en movimiento: acciones colectivas y multiplicidad en trayectorias jóvenes

Este texto trata de um ensaio teórico que busca discutir questões relativas ao conceito de identidade ou identidade(s), na perspectiva de alguns autores da Sociologia e da Psicologia Social Crítica, direcionando às ações coletivas e trajetórias juvenis. As elaborações sobre identidade têm como contribuição principal essencial a obra de Alberto Melucci (2006), compondo um esquadrinhamento teórico referencial no estudo realizado. Ao refletirmos sobre a identidade em movimento e a multiplicidade nas trajetórias juvenis percebemos por meio da literatura especializada e analisada que não podemos negar os contextos múltiplos que lançam mão os jovens para tomar as suas decisões e estratégias escolares e laborais. As trajetórias juvenis se apresentam oscilantes, não-lineares, caracterizadas por rupturas, uma série de transformações e rearranjos vividos, assim como a própria constituição das identidades(s). Os jovens vivem situações de experimentação em suas trajetórias pessoais e profissionais num movimento que se apresenta circulante, fluído e incerto.

This text is a theoretical essay that aims to discuss issues related to the concept of identity or identity( ies), from the perspective of some authors of Sociology and Critical Social Psychology, directing to collective actions and youth trajectories. The elaborations on identity have as their main essential contribution the work of Alberto Melucci (2006), composing a theoretical scrutiny of reference in the study carried out. When we reflect on identity in motion and the multiplicity of youth trajectories, we realize through the specialized and analyzed literature that we cannot deny the multiple contexts that young people use to make their school and work decisions and strategies. Youth trajectories are oscillating, non-linear, characterized by ruptures, a series of lived transformations and rearrangements, as well as the very constitution of identity(ies). Young people experience situations of experimentation in their personal and professional trajectories in a movement that is circulating, fluid and uncertain.

Este texto es un ensayo teórico que busca discutir cuestiones relacionadas con el concepto de identidad o identidad(es), desde la perspectiva de algunos autores de la Sociología y la Psicología Social Crítica, dirigiéndose a acciones colectivas y trayectorias juveniles. Las elaboraciones sobre identidad tienen como principal aporte esencial el trabajo de Alberto Melucci (2006), componiendo un escrutinio teórico de referencia en el estudio realizado. Cuando reflexionamos sobre la identidad en movimiento y la multiplicidad de trayectorias juveniles, percibimos a través de la literatura especializada y analizada que no podemos negar los múltiples contextos que utilizan los jóvenes para tomar sus decisiones y estrategias escolares y laborales. Las trayectorias juveniles son oscilantes, no lineales, caracterizadas por rupturas, una serie de transformaciones y reordenamientos vividos, así como la constitución misma de (s) identidad(es). Los jóvenes viven situaciones de experimentación en sus trayectorias personales y profesionales en un movimiento circulante, fluido e incierto.

¿Cuál es la historia detrás de las imágenes? Biografía e ilustración en la trastienda de un estudio de trayectoria

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar los vínculos entre enfoque biográfico e ilustración, desde un paradigma interpretativo y siguiendo las directrices teórico-metodológicas del enfoque biográfico-narrativo. Metodología: Se incluye la interpretación de narrativas construidas por las y los investigadores, que se plasman en una imagen o ilustración gráfica que es ofrecida a quienes participan del estudio para su aprobación, seguido de una discusión teórica del lugar de la imagen en el contexto actual. El artículo describe el proceso metodológico de producción de estas imágenes, incluyendo un análisis de dos experiencias. Resultado: Las experiencias analizadas sirven de antecedente para el producto final de esta investigación, que reconstruye trayectorias y transiciones investigativas de exponentes de una disciplina. Se discute el proceso metodológico de producción de estas imágenes, de allí que esta propuesta de ilustraciones biográficas se plasme posteriormente en un libro-álbum que incluye dieciséis testimonios de trabajadores sociales. Conclusión: Se destaca la importancia de desarrollar un proceso reflexivo sobre las prácticas de investigación cualitativa y análisis de trastienda de los resultados de las investigaciones, incluyendo actividades de divulgación de la ciencia en formatos no académicos.

Resumo: Objetivo: Analisar as ligações entre a abordagem biográfica e a ilustração, a partir de um paradigma interpretativo e seguindo as diretrizes teórico-metodológicas da abordagem biógico-narrativa. Metodologia: Inclui a interpretação de narrativas construídas pelos pesquisadores, que são capturadas em uma imagem ou ilustração gráfica que é oferecida àqueles que participam do estudo para sua aprovação, seguida de uma discussão teórica sobre o lugar da imagem no contexto atual. O artigo descreve o processo metodológico de produção dessas imagens, incluindo uma análise de duas experiências. Resultado: As experiências analisadas servem de base para o produto final desta pesquisa, que reconstrói trajetórias de pesquisa e transições de expoentes de uma disciplina. O processo metodológico de produção destas imagens é discutido, razão pela qual esta proposta de ilustrações biográficas é posteriormente traduzida em um livro-álbum que inclui dezesseis testemunhos de assistentes sociais. Conclusão: Destaca-se a importância de desenvolver um processo reflexivo de práticas de pesquisa qualitativa e análise dos resultados da pesquisa nos bastidores, incluindo atividades de divulgação científica em formatos não acadêmicos.

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the links between biographical approach and illustration, from an interpretative paradigm and following the theoretical-methodological guidelines of the biographical-narrative approach. Methodology: It includes the interpretation of narratives constructed by the researchers, which are captured in an image or graphic illustration that is offered to those who participate in the study for their approval, followed by a theoretical discussion of the place of the image in the current context. The article describes the methodological process of producing these images, including an analysis of two experiences. Result: The analyzed experiences serve as background for the final product of this research, which reconstructs research trajectories and transitions of exponents of a discipline. The methodological process of production of these images is discussed, hence, this proposal of biographical illustrations is subsequently translated into a book-album that includes sixteen testimonies of social workers. Conclusion: It is highlighted the importance of developing a reflexive process on qualitative research practices and backroom analysis of research results, including science dissemination activities in non-academic formats.

Abordar a la persona entre trayectorias alcohólicas y tratamientos / Approaching the person between alcoholic trajectories and treatments

Este artículo es un trabajo de investigación etnográfica en el campo sanitario. Sus objetivos son reconstruir trayectorias de personas con trastornos mentales y de comportamiento por uso de alcohol y visibilizar representaciones y prácticas en los tratamientos brindados en el Hospital Vilardebó (Uruguay), en torno a dichos itinerarios. Las narrativas de los pacientes estudiados dan cuenta de una ruptura biográfica ocurrida mayoritariamente en la adolescencia, cuando comienza un consumo problemático de alcohol que lleva a una reorganización de la identidad social de orden simbólico; refirieren también, la mayoría de ellos, estar disconformes con la asistencia que se les brinda, y reclaman ser más escuchados. Por otra parte, en lo referente a las representaciones formuladas por los funcionarios entrevistados, a mayor formación y experiencia de ejercicio profesional, hay mayores críticas a la atención que se brinda a estos usuarios. De ahí que la confluencia de Antropología y Salud, ensamblando cultura y cuidado, permite integrar a las dimensiones físicas los aspectos emocionales, familiares, culturales y sociales.

This article is carries out ethnographic research in the sanitary field. Its objectives are to reconstruct the trajectories of people with mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol use and to make visible representations and practices in treatments provided at Hospital Vilardebó (Uruguay). Patients' narratives show a biographical rupture occurring mainly during adolescence. Problematic alcohol use begins soon after, leading to a reorganization of symbolic social identity. Most patients are not satisfied with care provided, and demand to be listened to more extensively. As for health care workers' representations, the greater the training and professional expertise, the greater the criticism of provided care. Hence, the confluence of Anthropology and Health, combining culture and care, makes possible the emotional, family, cultural and social aspects to be integrated into the physical ones.

Prácticas alimentarias, un fenómeno multinivel

RESUMEN El presente ensayo tiene como propósito posicionar el entender las prácticas alimentarias de las personas y de las poblaciones desde la perspectiva de curso de vida como tema relevante para generar conocimientos desde perspectivas interdisciplinarias. Así, se expondrán a las prácticas alimentarias desde una perspectiva sociohistórica, posicionándonos desde una visión que integre los diferentes niveles, dominios y temporalidades, con el fin de ampliar la perspectiva de un fenómeno esencialmente interdisciplinario. De esta manera, se abren las preguntas sobre qué niveles y dominios de la vida de las personas y las poblaciones se encuentran involucrados y cuáles son las formas temporales que se manejan en la interconexión de los diferentes elementos. Se busca posicionar a las prácticas alimentarias desde una perspectiva holística que pueda orientar la planificación e interpretación de investigaciones aplicadas para afrontar los desafíos de salud pública en el presente.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this essay is to position the understanding of food practices of individuals and populations from a life course perspective as relevant to focus in producing knowledge from an interdisciplinary perspective. So, here I discuss food practices as a sociohistorical phenomenon, acquiring a point of view that integrates different levels, domains and temporalities, with the purpose of broaden the perspective of a essentially multidisciplinary phenomenon. This opens questions about what levels and domains of the life of individuals and societies are involved, as well as what temporal forms are handled in the interconnection of the different elements. Thus, this essay seeks to position food practices from a wide perspective that can guide interpretation in empirical research necessary to face public health challenges that appear in the present.

Trajetórias de animadores de eventos infantis em Belém-PA / Trajectories of children's event animators in Belém-PA / Trayectorias de los animadores de eventos infantiles en Belém-PA

Esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar os processos formativos vividos pelos/as animadores/as de eventos com ênfase em suas trajetórias e construção de saberes que foram mobilizados para sua formação profissional. Foram entrevistados/as quinze profissionais que atuam no âmbito do lazer, sendo sete mulheres e oito homens. Identificamos que os animadores mobilizam saberes para a prática profissional relacionados tanto ao domínio de conteúdos e atividades quanto à postura pessoal e profissional necessária para prática de animação. Os contextos em que esses saberes foram construídos são variados e contemplam as vivências lúdicas na infância, o contato com práticas culturais, como o esporte, a dança e o teatro, além das experiências laborais e dos momentos de lazer dos sujeitos. Entre as instituições que influenciaram esse percurso formativo, estão os estabelecimentos de ensino, a igreja e escolas de arte.

This study aims to analyze the training processes experienced by the event animators with an emphasis on their trajectories and construction of knowledge that were mobilized for their professional training. Fifteen professionals who work in the field of leisure were interviewed, seven women and eight men. We identified that animators mobilize knowledge for professional practice and are linked both to the domain of content and activities and to the personal and professional attitude necessary for the practice of animation. The contexts in which this knowledge was built are varied and include playful experiences in childhood, contact with cultural practices such as sports, dance and theater, in addition to the subjects' work experiences and leisure time. Among the institutions that influenced this formative path are educational establishments, the church and art schools.

El propósito de este estúdio fue analizar los procesos de formación vividos por los animadores de eventos con énfasis en sus trayectorias y construcción de conocimientos que fueron movilizados para su formación profesional. Se entrevistó a quince profesionales que trabajan en el ámbito del ocio, siete mujeres y ocho hombres. Identificamos que los animadores movilizan conocimientos para la práctica profesional y están vinculados tanto al dominio de contenidos y actividades como a la actitud personal y profesional necesaria para la práctica de la animación. Los contextos en los que se construyó este conocimiento son variados e incluyen experiencias lúdicas en la infancia, contacto con prácticas culturales como el deporte, la danza y el teatro, además de las vivencias laborales y de ocio de los sujetos. Entre las instituciones que influyeron en este camino formativo se encuentran los establecimientos educativos, la iglesia y las escuelas de arte.

Trajetórias laborais: contribuições para estudos no campo da Psicologia Social do Trabalho / Labor trajectories: its contributions to social psychology of work studies

Neste artigo problematizamos a categoria trajetórias laborais a partir de duas teses de doutorado em psicologia social do trabalho. Os objetivos das teses foram, de forma sintética, investigar as trajetórias laborais, no primeiro estudo, junto a brasileiros/as retornados/as da Europa ocidental e, no segundo, junto a jovens profissionais diplomados em uma universidade pública brasileira. Ao pensarmos as duas investigações, apontamos aproximações e peculiaridades entre si. Partindo dessas sínteses, buscamos evidenciar a centralidade, os determinantes sociais e históricos e o processo de contínua construção e indeterminação das trajetórias laborais. Assim, consideramos o uso dessa ferramenta teórico-metodológica como profícua para os estudos no campo da psicologia social do trabalho

This study problematizes labor trajectories category based on two doctoral theses in the social psychology of work. These theses aimed to synthetically investigate labors trajectories. The first one analyzed Brazilian migrants' returnees from Western Europe and the second one, young professionals graduated from a Brazilian public university. Analyzing both investigations, we highlight their common aspects and their differences. Based on these syntheses, we have thus problematized the category of labors trajectories: 1) its centrality; 2) its social and historical determinants; and 3) its process of continuous construction and indeterminacy. Thus, we understand that using this theoretical and methodological tool may profit social psychology of work studies

Trayectorias activistas de mujeres mayores en el chile postdictadura / Trajetórias ativistas de mulheres idosas na pós-ditadura do chile / Activist trajectories of older women in post-dictatorship chile

Resumen: La vejez de las mujeres mayores suele ser descrita como una etapa en la que se vivencian múltiples cambios y pérdidas, donde se acrecientan las discriminaciones de género. Sin embargo, poco se ha explorado la experiencia biográfica al envejecer. En este artículo, identificamos como construyen narrativamente trayectorias de acción política mujeres mayores activistas de la Agrupación Bordadoras por la Memoria de la ciudad de Valparaíso-Chile. Realizamos un estudio cualitativo con entrevistas biográficas siguiendo la propuesta de relatos de vida. Sus itinerarios biográficos dan cuenta de un continuum en su acción política y un cuestionamiento al sistema neoliberal. Por medio de sus bordados, contribuyen a la lucha por la memoria y la justicia social. Resignifican su activismo en la vejez, incluyendo nuevos repertorios de acción y proyectos, mediante prácticas de sororidad. Concluimos la importancia de disputar la vejez desde el ciclo vital convencional, dando cabida a trayectorias femeninas agencializadas.

Resumo: A velhice das mulheres idosas é muitas vezes descrita como uma época de múltiplas mudanças, perda e maior discriminação de género. No entanto, pouco tem sido explorado sobre a experiência biográfica do envelhecimento. Neste artigo, identificamos como as mulheres ativistas mais velhas da "Agrupación Bordadoras por la Memoria" na cidade de Valparaíso-Chile constroem trajetórias narrativas de ação política. Realizámos um estudo qualitativo com entrevistas biográficas na sequência da proposta de narrativas de vida. Os seus itinerários biográficos mostram uma continuidade na sua ação política e um questionamento do sistema neoliberal. Através dos seus bordados, elas contribuem para a luta pela memória e justiça social. Dão novo significado ao seu ativismo na velhice, incluindo novos repertórios de ação e projetos, através de práticas de irmandade. Concluímos que é importante contestar a velhice do ciclo de vida convencional, criando espaço para trajetórias femininas agencializadas.

Abstract: Old age among older women is usually described as a stage in which multiple changes, losses and gender discrimination are experienced. However, little has been explored about the biographical experience of aging. In this article, we identify how older women activists of the Agrupación Bordadoras por la Memoria in the city of Valparaíso, Chile, narratively construct trajectories of political action. We conducted a qualitative study with biographical interviews following proposal of life narratives. Their biographical itineraries show a continuum in their political action and a questioning of the neoliberal system. Through their embroideries, they contribute to the struggle for memory and social justice. They re-signify their activism in old age, including new repertoires of action and projects, through practices of sorority. We conclude the importance of disputing old age from the conventional life cycle, making room for agentialized feminine trajectories.

Trajetórias de migração e transferências à prova: um dispositivo de acompanhamento e de cuidado de uma criança autista e de sua família / Trayectorias migratorias y transferenciales: un sistema de tratamiento y cuidado para un niño autista y su família / Migratory and transferential trajectories: a support and care system for an autistic child and his family / A l'épreuve des trajectoires migratoires et transférentielles: un dispositif d'accompagnementet de soin d'un enfant autiste et de sa famille

Diagnosticado como autista por uma plataforma especializada, Katal tinha 4 anos quando foi recebido em um centro de cuidado especializado. Diante de sua grande agitação psicomotora e da dificuldade de seus pais em fazer contorno através da narração de sua história, decidiu-se coletivamente que esta criança e sua família seriam recebidas o quanto fosse necessário por uma dupla de profissionais: uma psicomotricista e uma psicóloga, de maneira a poder trabalhar ao mesmo tempo e no mesmo espaço as dinâmicas psicocorporais, psicossociais e intersubjetivas desta situação preocupante. Mostra-se como este dispositivo, fazendo uso de mediadores terapêuticos, favoreceu o aparecimento da figuração e da narrativa da história de migração de extrema complexidade desta família, abrindo assim a possibilidade de diálogo entre a criança e os adultos, mas também entre os adultos, compreendendo um diálogo interior de retomada e de transformação de momentos traumáticos ligados ao exílio

Diagnosticado de autismo por una plataforma especializada, Katal tenía 4 años cuando fue atendido por primera vez en un servicio sanitario. En vista de su gran agitación psicomotriz y de la dificultad de sus padres para tejer un relato mientras lo contienen, decidimos colectivamente que este niño y su familia sean recibidos, en la medida de lo necesario, por un dúo de profesionales: un psicometrista y un psicólogo, para poder trabajar en un mismo tiempo y espacio las dinámicas psicocorporales, psicosocialese intersubjetivas en juego en esta preocupante situación. Mostraremos cómo este dispositivo, al introducir mediaciones terapéuticas aceptando cuestionar su pertinencia, favoreció la figuración y la narración de la trayectoria migratoria de extrema complejidad para esta familia, abriendo así la posibilidad de un diálogo entre el niño y los adultos, pero también entre los adultos, incluyendo un diálogo interior de reanudación y transformación de los momentos traumáticos ligados al exilio

Diagnosed with autism by a dedicated platform, Katal was 4 years old when he was first seen in an health service. In view of his great psychomotor agitation and the difficulty for his parents to weave a narrative while containing him, we decide collectively that this child and his family will be received, as much as necessary, by a duo of professionals: a psychometrician and a psychologist, so as to be able to work in the same time and space on the psychocorporal, psychosocial and intersubjective dynamics at work in this worrying situation. We will show how this device, by introducing therapeutic mediations while accepting to question their relevance, favoured the figuration and the narration of the migratory trajectory of extreme complexity for this family, thus opening the possibility of a dialogue between child and adults, but also between adults, including an inner dialogue of resumption and transformation of traumatic moments linked to the exile

Diagnostiqué autiste par une plateforme dédiée, Katal a 4 ans lorsqu'il est reçu pour la première fois en centre de soin ambulatoire. Devant sa grande agitation psychomotrice et la difficulté pour ses parents de tisser un récit tout en étant contenant pour lui, nous décidons collectivement que cet enfant et sa famille seront reçues, autant que nécessaire, par un duo de professionnel: un psychomotricien et une psychologue, de sorte à pouvoir travailler dans un même temps et un même espace les dynamiques psychocorporelles, psychosociales et intersubjectives à l'œuvre dans cette situation préoccupante. Nous montrerons comment ce dispositif en introduisant des médiations thérapeutiques tout en acceptant d'en questionner la pertinence, a favorisé la figuration et la mise en récit de la trajectoire migratoire d'une extrême complexité pour cette famille, ouvrant ainsi la possibilité d'un dialogue entre enfant et adultes, mais aussi entre adultes, y compris un dialogue intérieur de reprise et de transformation de moments traumatiques liés à l'exil

Association between body mass index trajectories in children and adolescents of Hanzhong city of Shanxi province and subclinical renal damage in adulthood: a 30-year longitudinal follow-up study / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective:To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) trajectories in children and adolescents and subclinical renal damage (SRD) in adulthood.Methods:4 623 participants aged 6-18 years old were recruited from the ongoing cohort of Hanzhong adolescent hypertension study in 1987, and the subjects were followed up in 1989, 1992, 1995, 2005, 2013 and 2017, respectively. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify distinct BMI trajectories in longitudinal analysis. Generalized linear model was applied to examine the association between different BMI trajectories and SRD incidence in adulthood.Results:A total of 2 678 subjects from childhood to adulthood were enrolled in this study. All subjects were divided into three groups according to three distinct BMI trajectories: low-increasing BMI group ( n=1 017), moderate-increasing BMI group ( n=1 353), and high-increasing BMI group ( n=308). Over follow up for 30 years, a total of 248 participants (9.3%) developed SRD. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) in low to high-increasing BMI group was 0.9(0.6, 1.4), 1.0(0.7, 1.7), 1.6(0.8, 3.2), respectively ( P trend<0.001), and estimated glomerular filtration rate was 98.5(87.6, 111.6) , 96.2(86.4, 109.7), 95.3 (87.5, 125.0) ml·min -1·(1.73 m 2) -1, respectively ( P trend=0.025). The generalized linear model analysis showed that uACR was increased linearly from low to high-increasing BMI group [ β=3.16(95% CI 1.02-5.31), Ptrend=0.004]. There was no correlation or linear trend between BMI trajectory and estimated glomerular filtration rate [ β=-2.30(95% CI-5.18-0.57), Ptrend=0.117]. Compared with the low-increasing BMI group, the high-increasing BMI group had greater odds of experiencing SRD in adulthood after adjusting for multiple confounders such as age, gender, medical history and lifestyle ( OR=2.83, 95% CI 1.84-4.36, Ptrend<0.001). Conclusions:Higher BMI trajectorie is correlated with higher level of uACR and risk of SRD in middle age. Identifying long-term BMI trajectorie from early age may assist in predicting individuals′ renal function in later life.

Psychosocial concerns predict longitudinal trajectories of distress in newly diagnosed cancer patients

INTRODUCTION@#Unmet psychosocial concerns are associated with emotional distress among cancer patients. This longitudinal study aimed to identify specific psychosocial concern profiles and trajectories of emotional distress, and examine their association among newly diagnosed adult cancer patients across the first year of diagnosis.@*METHODS@#Adult patients aged 21-64 years were screened to determine their eligibility for this study. Psychosocial concerns and psychological distress were measured using the Problem List and the Distress Thermometer, respectively (n = 221). Latent transition mixture analysis was used to determine specific psychosocial concern profiles and trajectories of emotional distress, and examine associations with adjustments made for demographic and medical variables.@*RESULTS@#Two classes of psychosocial concerns were identified: low (81%) and high (19%) concerns. Two trajectories of distress were identified: low stable (69%) and high stable (31%) trajectories. Patients in the high concerns class were significantly more likely to demonstrate the high stable trajectory of distress.@*CONCLUSION@#Our findings highlight the importance of concurrent assessment of multiple psychosocial concerns and screening of emotional distress throughout a cancer patient's treatment journey. Such assessments can effectively guide interventions to address individual concerns and alleviate emotional distress among newly diagnosed cancer patients.

Long-term trajectories of lung function and risk factors in children with bronchial asthma / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To establish the long-term trajectories of lung function in children with bronchial asthma (asthma) and explore the risk factors of persistent pulmonary dysfunction.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted.Children with asthma aged above 14 years who had been followed up regularly and completed pulmonary function testing in Children′s Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics were enrolled in the study from January to December 2019.Their lung function data and clinical information were collected.The latent class growth model (LCGM) was used to fit the change of lung function in children with asthma, and different trajectory groups were established.Comparison between groups was performed by t-test, ANOVA or Chi- square test.The risk factors for the lung function trajectory were analyzed by the multivariate Logistic regression method. Results:A total of 173 children with asthma, aged from 6 to 17, were enrolled, and 1 160 lung function tests were completed.Four forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity (FEV 1/FVC) latent class trajectory groups were established, including persistent high level [27 cases (15.6%)], above average level [66 cases (38.1%)], below average level [66 cases (38.1%)], and persistent low level [14 cases (8.1%)]. In all the 4 different trajectory groups, the FEV 1/FVC values were significantly different among patients of different ages (all P<0.05). The FEV 1/FVC values of patients at all ages in the persistent high level group were above 90%.The FEV 1/FVC values of patients in other 3 level groups decreased as a whole as the age increased.FEV 1/FVC of patients in the persistent low level group decreased to below 80% when they entered the school age period and approached 70% in adolescence.The trajectory and fluctuation of maximal midexpiratory flow (MMEF), which represents the small airway function, were similar to those of FEV 1/FVC.Risk factor analysis showed that the risk of lung function decreasing below the average level in children with typical asthma was 11.940 times higher than that in children with cough variant asthma ( P=0.008). The risk of lung function deteriorating to below the average level in children with multiple allergen sensitivities was 7.462 times higher than that in children with single allergen sensitivity ( P=0.015). Children taking drugs irregularly were 6.337 times more likely to suffer persistent low lung function than children taking drugs regularly ( P=0.035). Boys were 6.186 times more likely to suffer a lung function reduction to below the average level than girls ( P=0.002). Conclusions:Four long-term trajectories of lung function in asthmatic children aged 6 to 17 years can be established: persistent high level, above average level, below average level and persistent low level.The long-term lung function of nearly a half of the asthmatic children is below the average level.Many children develop persistent airflow limitation in adolescence, and few at school age.Typical asthma, multiple allergen sensitivities, irregular medication and boy were the risk factors of long-term lung function reduction.

Haciendo camino al andar: características de los líderes y lideresas comunitarias en el sur de Córdoba y Urabá-Darién. Caso CORDUPAZ Colombia / Making the Road as We go: Characteristics of Community Leaders in the south of Córdoba and Urabá-Darién. The Case of CORDUPAZ Colombia

Resumen Los liderazgos sociales y comunitarios en el territorio de Urabá (Colombia) han sido una expresión histórica de resistencia y construcción de sociabilidad a lo largo del tiempo. La investigación busca entender quiénes son los líderes y lideresas del territorio CORDUPAZ, qué los lleva a dedicar parte de su vida a trabajar con y por la comunidad, y reconocer los aportes que han hecho tanto a nivel local como regional. Así, el presente artículo constituye un insumo que permite continuar reivindicando su labor en medio de los escenarios de conflicto armado, violencia y amenazas contra su vida.

Abstract Social and community leadership in the territory of Urabá, Colombia, has been a historical expression of resistance and construction of sociability over time. The research seeks to understand who the leaders of the CORDUPAZ territory are, which leads them to devote part of their lives to work with and for the community, and to recognize the contributions they have made both at local and regional levels. Thus, this article constitutes an input, which allows to continue vindicating their work in the midst of armed conflict scenarios, violence, and threats against their lives.

Percepción y consecuencias verbales: un análisis interconductual / Perception and Verbal Consequences: An Interbehavioral Analysis / Percepção verbal e consequências: uma análise intercomportamental

Para evaluar el efecto de distintos tipos de consecuencias verbales sobre la percepción de trayectorias en estudiantes universitarios de optometría, se utilizó la tarea de "encontrar un móvil extraviado" consistente en presentar en la pantalla de una computadora a "Caperucita Roja" caminando con dirección a un bosque siguiendo distintas trayectorias (horizontal, vertical, diagonal a 15º, diagonal a 45º y en zigzag). Transcurrido un tiempo desde el internamiento y desaparición en el bosque (demoras de 1, 2 o 4 segundos), se solicitó a los participantes colocar el puntero en la zona del bosque donde podría encontrarse Caperucita (i.e., respuesta de localización). Los grupos independientes de estudiantes universitarios recibieron puntos por sus respuestas correctas, pero también diferentes consecuencias verbales: (a) correcto/incorrecto, (b) especificación de parámetros del error, y (c) consecuencias autoadministradas. Un grupo control solo recibió puntos por sus respuestas correctas. Los resultados muestran mayor precisión de la respuesta de localización en los participantes que recibieron consecuencias que especificaban los parámetros del error, en las trayectorias horizontal y vertical, y con las demoras más breves. Se discute la función disposicional de las consecuencias verbales como mediadoras de la percepción de trayectorias

To evaluate the effects of different types of verbal con-sequences on trajectory perception, a task of "finding a lost mobile object" was used. In that task, Little Red Riding Hood was presented on a computer screen, walking towards a forest, following different paths (horizontal, vertical, diagonal at 15º, diagonal at 45°, and zigzag). Few seconds after her entry and disap-pearance in the forest (delays of 1, 2, or 4 seconds), participants were asked to place the pointer on the area of the forest where she might be found. Indepen-dent groups of university students received different verbal consequences for their responses: a) correct/incorrect, b) specification of error parameters, and c) self-administered consequences. A control group only received points for their correct responses. The results show higher accuracy in the participants who received consequences that specified the error parameters in the horizontal and vertical trajectories with the shortest de-lays. The dispositional function of verbal consequences as mediators in trajectory perception is discussed

Para avaliar o efeito de diferentes tipos de consequên-cias verbais na percepção de trajetórias, foi utilizada a tarefa de "encontrar o objeto móbil perdido", que con-siste em apresentar "chapeuzinho vermelho" na tela de um computador caminhando em direção a uma floresta seguindo diferentes trajetórias (horizontal , vertical, 15º diagonal, 45º diagonal e ziguezague). Após algum tempo decorrido desde a entrada e desaparecimento na floresta (atrasos de 1, 2 ou 4 segundos), os participantes foram solicitados a colocar o ponteiro na área da flores-ta onde chapeuzinho vermelho poderia ser encontrada (ex. resposta de localização). Grupos independentes de estudantes universitários receberam pontos por suas respostas corretas, mas também diferentes consequên-cias verbais: a) correto / incorreto, b) especificação de parâmetros de erro, e c) consequências autoadminis-tradas. Um grupo de controle só recebeu pontos por suas respostas corretas. Os resultados mostram maior precisão da resposta de localização nos participantes que receberam consequências que especificaram os parâmetros de erro, nas trajetórias horizontal e vertical, e com os menores atrasos. Discute-se a função dispo-sicional das consequências verbais como mediadoras da percepção das trajetórias

Violências nas trajetórias afetivo-sexuais de jovens gays: "novas" configurações e "velhos" desafios / Violence in the affective-sexual trajectories of young gay men: "new" settings and "old" challenges

Resumo Este artigo aborda o fenômeno da violência nas trajetórias afetivo-sexuais de jovens gays cisgênero, pertencentes a camadas populares da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A literatura brasileira sobre violência contra homens gays, geralmente, tem como foco a discriminação sofrida por esta população, mas pouco se problematiza a violência que eles sofrem nas relações familiares devido à sua orientação sexual, ou ainda, em suas relações ditas como "namoro" ou "ficar". Com o objetivo de discutir a presença de violências durante a trajetória afetivo-sexual dos jovens, este estudo qualitativo realizou entrevistas em profundidade a partir de um roteiro semiestruturado. Os resultados mostraram que há múltiplas faces de violência que ocorrem durante a infância e adolescência nas relações familiares, perpassando nos seus relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais na adolescência e juventude, incluindo violências sexuais, físicas, psicológicas e institucionais. As redes de apoio dos jovens são limitadas, como exemplo, a poucos amigos e ao acesso de blogs na internet. Nenhum profissional de saúde foi citado pelos jovens como fonte de ajuda. Destaca-se também a necessidade de debater a prevenção da violência e promoção da saúde destes jovens, ampliando o olhar para as várias formas contemporâneas de se relacionar intimamente.

Abstract This paper discusses the phenomenon of violence in the affective-sexual trajectories of young, cisgender gay men, from popular strata, in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Brazilian literature on violence against gay men generally focuses on the discrimination suffered by this population. However, the violence they are submitted to among family relationships due to their sexual orientation, or even their relationships known as "dating" or "hookup", is hardly discussed. This qualitative study used in-depth interviews based on a semi-structured guide to discuss violence during the young gay men's affective-sexual trajectory. The results evidenced multiple faces of violence during childhood and adolescence in family relationships, spanning their affective-sexual relationships in adolescence and youth, including sexual, physical, psychological, and institutional violence. Support networks are limited, for example, to a few friends and access to blogs on the Internet. No health professional was cited as a helping source. There is a need to discuss the prevention of violence and discuss health promotion of this social group, expanding the perspective on the various contemporary ways of relating intimately.

Competencias especializadas de intervención en desadaptación social adolescente / Specialized competencies to intervention with adolescent social maladjustment

Resumen Los comportamientos antisociales que persisten durante la adolescencia, pueden implicar para el individuo un progresivo proceso de desadaptación social, por el cual los adolescentes van progresivamente alejándose de las normas de sus contextos sociales. La intervención educativa y psicosocial en desadaptación social adolescente requiere de una alta especialización, sin embargo, trabajadores sociales, psicólogos y educadores señalan no contar con competencias claras para hacer eficaces sus intervenciones. Mediante un diseño de casos y controles, se buscó identificar las competencias especializadas a las que debiese responder un programa de formación para la intervención en desadaptación social adolescente. Se entrevistó a ocho profesionales del ámbito psico-socio-educativo que participaron de un proceso de formación especializada (casos) y ocho profesionales sin la formación (controles). Emergieron siete macrocompetencias, validadas ante grupo de expertos: (a) Desarrollar un marco integral, informado y coherente sobre el proceso de inadaptación social de los adolescentes y su contexto de enfoque; (b) Diseñar y desarrollar un proceso de evaluación del / la adolescente de atención; (c) Intervenir con el adolescente; (d) Evidencia de comportamiento ético en la intervención; (e) Desarrollar el autoconocimiento constante del interviniente; (f) Promover y desarrollar una relación de ayuda con el adolescente, y (g) Exhibir comportamientos y habilidades que favorecen el trabajo en equipo. Quienes tienen formación destacan las competencias relacionadas a los conocimientos, una mirada prospectiva y el saber hacer, mientras que quienes no han recibido formación destacan el saber ser. Se discute respecto a la necesidad de enfatizar el saber ser en los procesos de formación.

Abstract Antisocial behaviors that persist during adolescence may imply a progressive social imbalance for the individual. Educational and psychosocial intervention in these adolescents requires a high specialization, since when the violation of the law is presented as a persistent pattern of behavior it would be associated with a disadvantaged family, school and social environment where the adolescent experiences difficulties in solving basic needs and seeks alternative ways of coping with life events, adapting to particular contexts, which can often be more reinforcing, ignoring the general social context. This persistent group presents a lot of heterogeneity both in psychological aspects and in criminal behavior, observing different criminal trajectories that require different types of intervention, which further complicates the work of the intervention teams. The trajectories observed in men and of increasing complexity would be: (a) determined by contextual risk factors; (b) adolescents with stories of violation of rights and abandonments; (c) adolescents with traumatic situations in their lives, disruptive behaviors and disorganized functioning; (d) adolescents socialized in criminogenic contexts with stories of rape in them, leading them to an antisocial functioning focused on their personal well-being; (d) adolescents socialized in criminogenic contexts, seeking to validate themselves socially, strengthening their personal identity through countercultural behaviors (Alarcón, et al., 2012). Through a case control design, we seek to identify the specialized skills to which a training program for intervention in adolescent social maladjustment must respond. Eight professionals who participated in a specialized training process (cases) and eight professionals without training (controls) were interviewed. From the content analysis, seven macro competences were validated before a group of experts: (a) Develop a comprehensive, informed and coherent framework on the process of social maladjustment of adolescents and their context of focus; (b) Design and develop an evaluation process of the adolescent of attention; (c) Intervene with the adolescent; (d) Evidence of ethical behavior in the intervention; (e) Develop the constant self-knowledge of the intervener; (f) Promote and develop a helping relationship with the adolescent, and (g) Exhibiting behaviors and skills that promote teamwork. The results confirm specialized competences that emphasize a differentiated vision of the adolescent and the work team as a source of validation in decision making. Similarly, those with training highlight skills related to knowledge, a prospective perspective and know-how; while those who have not received training highlight the attitudes associated with knowing how to be. The need to evaluate the specialization of professional teams that intervene with adolescents who violate the law is discussed, facilitating the development of knowledge, abilities and skills, without neglecting the development of reflective attitudes in the training processes of each professional and within the teams, to promote continuous improvement. As limitations of this study, it is considered that the participants were officials who participated in a training process (cases) and other officials from institutions with similar demographic characteristics but without systematic training (controls); This involved accessing professionals between the ages of 30 and 45, not being able to know the perspective of those under 30 or over 45, or service personnel who share daily with adolescents, being able to link up and influence their changes. As challenges for future research, it is necessary to have indicators to verify competence and observe it with respect to its adjustment with the distinctive characteristics of adolescents. Along with this, the need to observe in greater detail the possibilities of educational and psychosocial intervention in family, school and community contexts that are estimated to involve eventual crisis scenarios for adolescents at the time of reintegration is observed. The above to effectively promote interventions that allow adolescents to exercise their role as citizens.

Trajetórias sociais: processo de intervenção com jovens em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas / Social Trajectories: intervention process with youngsters in compliance with socio-educational measures / Trayectorias sociales: proceso de intervención con jóvenes en cumplimiento de medidas socioeducativas

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar algumas potencialidades do uso de uma ferramenta de intervenção com jovens em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto, como uma proposta de complemento aos atendimentos psicossociais desenvolvidos no Centro de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social (Creas). Para tanto, foi utilizada a ferramenta "Trajetórias Sociais", proposta por Gaulejac (2014) e Soares e Sestren (2007), com dois jovens em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa. O uso da respectiva ferramenta possibilitou compreender os vínculos entre a história pessoal, familiar e social dos sujeitos, bem como entender as múltiplas determinações que permeiam as ações humanas. Com a elaboração da intervenção, foi possível perceber a aproximação do modo como os sentimentos e concepções de mundo são apropriadas em relação às experiências da vida cotidiana na realidade social em que tais jovens vivem.

This paper aims to present some potential about the use of an intervention tool with youngsters in compliance with socioeducative measures in open environments, as a proposal to complement the psychosocial care developed at the Specialized Reference Center for Social Assistance (CREAS). For this, the tool "Social Trajectories", proposed by Gaulejac (2014) and Soares and Sestren (2007), was used with two youngsters in compliance with socioeducative measure. The use of the tool enabled to understand the links between the personal, family and social history of the subjects, as well as the multiple determinations that permeate human actions. With the elaboration of the intervention, it was possible to perceive the way the feelings and conceptions of the world are appropriate in relation to the experiences of daily life in the social reality in which these youngsters live.

Este artículo tiene por objetivo presentar algunas potencialidades del uso de una herramienta de intervención con jóvenes en cumplimiento de medidas socio educativas en medio abierto, como una propuesta de cumplimiento de los atendimientos psico sociales desarrollados en el Centro de Referência Especializado em Assistência Social (Creas). Para tal, utilizamos la herramienta "Trajetórias Sociais", propuesta por Gaulejac (2014) y Soares y Sestren (2007), con dos jóvenes en cumplimiento de medida socio educativa. La utilización de la respectiva herramienta ha posibilitado comprender los vínculos entre la historia personal, familiar y social de los sujetos, así como comprender las múltiples determinaciones que impregnan las acciones humanas. Desde la elaboración de la intervención, ha sido posible percibir la aproximación del modo como los sentimientos y concepciones del mundo son apropiadas por las experiencias cotidianas en la realidad social en la cual están estos jóvenes.