Effects of mild cognitive impairment on perceived facial trustworthiness for older adults / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) on perceived facial trustworthiness for older adults.Methods:From May to June 2019, 30 young subjects (young group) were recruited, and 30 young older adults (young elderly group), 30 middle older adults (middle elderly group), and 30 elderly (elderly group) with normal cognition were recruited. At the same time, 30 older adults with normal cognition (cognitive normal elderly group) and 30 older adults with MCI (MCI elderly group) were recruited. All subjects were scored on the trustworthiness of young and elderly faces.SPSS 26.0 software was used to conduct a multivariate analysis of variance on the data to explore the differences in perceived facial trustworthiness among elderly people of different ages and elderly people with different cognitive function.Results:(1) A comparison of the facial trustworthiness scores of young and elderly faces among the young group, young elderly group, middle elderly group, and elderly group showed that, interaction between face age and age was significant ( F(3, 116)=6.30, P=0.001), the main effect of face age was significant ( F(1, 116)=23.18, P<0.001), and the main effect of age group was significant ( F(3, 116)=11.88, P<0.001). Simple effect analysis showed that the facial trustworthiness scores of elderly faces in the young elderly group (5.02±0.85), middle elderly group (5.15±0.55), and the elderly group (4.87±1.03) were higher than that in the young group (3.74±0.71), and with a statistically significant difference (all P<0.001). There were no significant differences in the facial trustworthiness scores of elderly faces among the young elderly group, middle elderly group, and elderly group (all P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the facial trustworthiness scores of young face among different age groups ( P>0.05). (2)The comparison of facial trustworthiness scores among the young group, cognitive normal elderly group, and the MCI elderly group showed that, the interaction between face age and cognition was significant ( F(2, 87)=8.33, P<0.001), the main effect of face age was significant ( F(1, 87)=5.97, P<0.01), and the main effect of cognition was significant( F(2, 87)=39.37, P<0.001). Simple effect analysis showed that the facial trustworthiness scores of elderly faces in cognitive normal elderly group was higher than those in the young group and the MCI elderly group( P<0.001). There were no significant differences in the facial trustworthiness scores of elderly faces among young group and the MCI elderly group ( P=0.191). The facial trustworthiness scores of young faces in cognitively normal elderly group and young group were higher than those in the MCI elderly group( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the facial trustworthiness scores of young faces between cognitively normal elderly group and young group ( P=0.134). Conclusion:There is a positive effect on the perceived facial trustworthiness in older adults with normal cognition, but there is no positive effect on the perceived facial trustworthiness in the older adults with MCI. Cognitive decline affects perceived facial trustworthiness in the elderly.

Reflexivity and research methodology: A second glance

@#As qualitative researchers, we are actively involved in the research process. We accept the fact that we are the main instrument, thus are part of the social world we aim to understand. It entails self-awareness and as Parahoo (2006) posits, reflexivity, as a process, is an introspection on the role of subjectivity in the research that entails a continuous process of reflection by researchers on their values. It is also a process of recognizing, examining, and understanding how their “social background, location, and assumptions affect their research practice” Hesse-Biber, 2007, p.17). Reflexivity, as the abundant literature would indicate, is an elusive term, it is commonly used interchangeably with reflectivity, and even with critical reflection. In this paper, an attempt was made to rediscover how reflexivity has been utilized in various perspectives to define its position and role in the conduct of robust qualitative research. In the process, we would like to share and solicit perspectives on reflexivity as a process and as an output. This was done thru a review of literature and the integration and highlighting of reflexivity/reflexivities of various researchers arising from the various research that we have been involved with such as: the six-country multi-disciplinary team lead by the Ottawa University based in Canada that undertook participatory research across Asia, Africa, and the Pacific to learn how poverty can be defined and measured; the five-country multi-disciplinary team, led by the Australian National University, Australia; and various local interdisciplinary researches. These researches were conducted over three years or more, some in various stages using focused group interviews, key informant interviews, observations, ladder ranking using photographs, record reviews, surveys, and photovoice. We also included documented reflexivities of colleagues with whom we have worked with in various capacities. We analyzed these documents vis-à-vis the concern of the qualitative researcher to unravel how their personhood intersects with their experiences in the field. Indeed, revisiting reflexivity and research methods enlightens the rigor in traversing the pathways of knowledge generation in qualitative research.

Effect of the public hospital trusteeship based on the employee satisfaction / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective: To investigate the hospital employee satisfaction and trustworthiness in the background of the trusteeship mode and to find out the problems after trusteeship.Methods: Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire (MSQ) and the self-made questionnaire were used to conduct the survey.Results: The overall employee satisfaction (3.80±0.86) and trustworthiness (3.95±0.77)were higher.The highest level of trustworthiness concerned the cultural connotation (84.8%) followed by the management concept (82.8%) for overall satisfaction.The lowest level of employee satisfaction concerned income and workload (53.7%), followed by the working conditions and environment (55.3%).The administrative staff satisfaction was higher compared to that of medical staff (p=0.001), which showed significant statistical differences.Conclusions: The hospital has made some achievements after the trusteeship system reform, however, it still needs improvement and further strengthening in many aspects.The hospital must always keep abreast of the demands of workforce and improve the staff satisfaction so as to promote its continuous and sustainable development.

Adventures in qualitative research: Traversing trustworthiness toward evidence-based practice: Complexity sciences, human sciences and relational caring complexity

This paper will address the meaning of evidence in qualitative research from the perspective of human science, complexity sciences, relational caring science, and implementation science (translational research). A brief comparison with Eastern philosophies will be presented. An evaluation of the meaning of relational caring data including technological or digital communication as trustworthy will be highlighted using human science, relational caring science and translational research to effect outcomes or the art of evidence-based practice in nursing and health.

Cuestionario para la clasificación de consumidores de cigarrillo (C4) para jóvenes / Questionnaire to Classify the Level of Tobacco Consumption in Young People

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo el diseño y validación de una escala para la clasificación de adolescentes y jóvenes consumidores de tabaco, de acuerdo con la frecuencia e intensidad de consumo y problemas asociados, intención de cesación y signos de dependencia nicotínica. La muestra estuvo conformada por 448 universitarios de ambos sexos con edades entre los 18 y 31 años, provenientes de cuatro instituciones educativas ubicadas en tres ciudades. El análisis psicométrico mostró que la prueba cuenta con la contabilidad y validez necesarias para ser utilizada en poblaciones similares. De acuerdo con los resultados las conclusiones se centran en la amplia posibilidad de uso del cuestionario y las bondades de un sistema de clasificación de consumo tabáquico no centrado exclusivamente en la frecuencia y cantidad de cigarrillos fumados.

This study had as primary target the design and validation of one scale that allowed the classification of the consuming tobacco adolescents, according to frequency, intensity, and problems associated with the consumption, intention of cessation and the presence of signs of nicotine dependency. The sample was conformed of 448 university students, both genders in ages between 18 and 31 year old, from four educative institutions located in three cities. The advanced psychometric analysis showed that the test relies on the conditions of trustworthiness and validity that are necessary to be used in similar populations. Taking results into account, conclusions focus in the vast possibility of using the questionnaire and the benefits of a classification system of tobacco consumption not exclusively centred in the frequency and amount of smoked cigarettes.

Thai physicians’ perceptions of sources of information about new drugs in terms of amounts of information and trustworthiness.

Objective: To determine Thai physicians’ opinions of sources of information about new drugs regarding amounts of information and the trustworthiness of the sources. Methods: Questionnaires developed by the research team were sent to physicians working at each regional/general hospital (92 totals) of the Ministry of Public Health in Thailand asking them to indicate the amount of information about new drugs from different sources and the trustworthiness of the sources. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine variables that related to the trustworthiness of information sources. Results: One hundred and thirty (28.26%) of 460 questionnaires were returned. These indicated that in terms of amounts of new information, Thai physicians received most from academic conferences, followed by medical journals, and medical representatives respectively. Information from conferences was considered to be most trustworthy followed by information from medical schools and experts. In contrast, information from medical representatives, direct mail advertisements, and hospital pharmacists had low trustworthiness. After controlling for the variables of gender, education, and type of hospital, multiple regression analysis found that the only significant factor was the relationship between age and trustworthiness of information from the source of medical journals (standardized β = 0.199, p = 0.039). There was no factor that significantly related to trustworthiness of information from other sources. Conclusion: Thai physicians received information about new drugs from both commercial and professional sources but trusted information from the latter more. This was considered appropriate as studies had found that information from commercial sources was sometimes inaccurate, incomplete and misleading.

La confiabilidad en el líder: un estudio sobre las enfermeras jefes de un hospital / The trustworthiness in the leader: a study on head nurses of a hospital

La confiabilidad en el líder es un concepto multidimensional que hace complejo establecer cuáles son sus antecedentes. Por ello, se buscó obtener consenso entre enfermeras y técnicos paramédicos sobre cuáles son las categorías de conductas que manifiestan los líderes y que favorecen la percepción de que son confiables. Además, se relacionó las categorías de conducta obtenidas con los principales antecedentes de la confiabilidad en los líderes. Se utilizó la técnica delphi y participaron en total 67 funcionarios de diversos servicios de un hospital y fueron distribuidos en 4 grupos. Se obtuvo que la categoría de conducta más importante son la objetividad e imparcialidad en la toma de decisiones de los líderes, lo cual reafirma la importancia de la integridad como antecedente de la confiabilidad de éstos. Finalmente, se discute sobre cómo fortalecer la confiabilidad de los líderes.

The trustworthiness in the leader is a multidimensional concept that makes it complex to determine which are its background. As a result, a consensus among nurses and technical paramedics was considered on the categories of behaviour which the leader manifests and which facilitate the perception that they are trustworthiness. Subsequently, behaviour categories were related with the main records of the trustworthiness in the leaders. The Delphi technique was used and a total of 67 workers of diverse services of a hospital were the participants and they were distributed in 4 groups. It was found that the most important categories of behaviour is the leaders' impartiality and objectivity in decision making process, which reaffirms the importance of integrity and history of reliability of these. Finally, the ways to strengthen the trustworthiness in the leaders are discussed.

Economics Analysis and Countermeasure of the Pharmaceutical Care Trustworthiness Imperfection / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the pharmaceutical care trustworthiness imperfection from the perspective of eco?nomics and to put forward some suggestions for the reduction of trustworthiness imperfection behavior in the pharmaceutical care.METHODS:The behavior of the pharmaceutical care trustworthiness imperfection was analyzed from the perspective of profits maximum,information dissymmetry,and trade cost etc.in the economics theory.RESULT&CONCLUSION:It is of positive meaning to reduce pharmaceutical care trustworthiness imperfection behavior by establishing and improving related laws and rules,popularizing the medicine knowledge,strengthening monitoring,reforming the salary mode of the pharmaceuti?cal technical personnel.