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Gastric cancer,a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality in China,has characteristics such as high heterogeneity and poor prognosis.With the advent of the 21st century,significant progress has been made in gastric cancer diagnosis and treatment due to the rapid development of genomics,laparoscopic minimally invasive techniques,targeted therapy and immunotherapy.This article summarized the important research progress in the field of gastric cancer prevention and treatment since the 21st century,and looked forward to the future.We hope to make greater progress and breakthroughs in early screening,diagnosis and precise treatment of gastric cancer,further improve the overall survival rate of patients,and transform gastric cancer into a controllable"chronic disease".
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Objective:To investigate the effect of tumor deposits on the prognosis and lymph node staging in patients with gastric cancer.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 907 patients with gastric cancer admitted to the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from Jan to Dec 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the pathological diagnosis, the patients were divided into tumor deposits positive group (121 cases) and tumor deposits negative group (786 cases), and the relationship between tumor deposits and clinicopathological features and prognosis was analyzed.Results:Tumor deposits were found in 121 patients among 907 cases. Univariate analysis showed that tumor deposits were correlated with pT stage, pN stage, pTNM stage, tumor diameter, nerve invasion and vascular invasion (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that pT stage ( P<0.001), pN stage ( P=0.002), pTNM stage ( P=0.001), tumor diameter ( P=0.033),nerve invasion ( P=0.017), vascular invasion ( P=0.011) were the independent influencing factors of positive tumor deposits. The prognosis of patients with tumor deposits was worse than those without ( χ2=77.869, P<0.001). By univariate analysis, age, tumor location, size, pT stage, pN stage, pTNM stage, tumor thrombus, nerve invasion, tumor deposits and number affected prognosis (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that age, pT stage, pN stage, pTNM stage, nerve invasion, vascular invasion and the number of tumor deposits were independent prognostic factors (all P<0.05). By stratified analysis tumor deposits were found to have statistical difference in N0~N3a stage (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Tumor deposits is an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.
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Background: Tumor budding is considered as an essential step in invasion and as a poor prognostic factor in carcinoma.It is used as the main prognostic factor in colon cancer but it is now gaining popularity in other tumor types. Objectives of the study was to determine tumor budding and categorize it into low grade and high grade in primary invasive breast cancer patients and to determine the association of tumor budding with clinicopathological characteristics. An attempt was also made to compare cytokeratin expression in intra- tumoral and budding sites. Method: It was an observational-analytical study including 50 cases of surgically resected modified radical mastectomy specimens diagnosed as invasive breast carcinoma in the tertiary care hospital from October 2018 to March 2020. Tumor buds were counted in H&E and IHC stained sections in 10 high power fields. IHC marker used was pan cytokeratin. Cases were classified into low tumor budding and high tumor budding. Correlation of tumor budding was done with all the established clinicopathological characteristics. Cytokeratin expression was compared in tumor proper and budding sites. Results: Among the 50 casesof invasive breast carcinoma, 24 cases showed high tumor budding (>4/10HPF) and 26 cases showed low tumor budding (?4/10HPF). High tumor budding was seen with larger size of the tumor, higher primary tumor staging, higher lymph node staging, presence of lymphovascular invasion, lymph node involvement and presence of necrosis with a significant correlation. Also cytokeratin expression was similar in tumor proper and budding sites in 92% of the cases. Interpretation & Conclusion: Tumor budding showed significant correlation with tumor size, primary tumor staging, lymph node staging, lymph node involvement, lymphovascular invasion and tumor necrosis. Thus it can be considered as a significant prognostic factor in the invasive breast carcinoma and can be incorporated in the reporting protocol for breast cancer.
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Objective To investigate the expression levels of basic leucine zipper and W2 domain 2 (BZW2) and isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVD) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluate their effect on clinical prognosis of liver transplant recipients with HCC. Methods Pathological specimens and clinical data of 87 liver transplant recipients with HCC were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The recurrence and metastasis of HCC after liver transplantation were assessed. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression levels of BZW2 and IVD. The relationship between BZW2, IVD and clinicopathological parameters of HCC and their effect on postoperative recurrence and clinical prognosis of the recipients was analyzed. Results Among 87 recipients, 31 cases recurred with a recurrence rate of 36%. HCC recurred at postoperative 2-49 months and the median recurrence time was postoperative 7 months. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the positive expression rate of BZW2 in the HCC tissues was significantly higher than that in normal liver tissues (76% vs. 30%), and the positive expression rate of IVD was significantly lower compared with that in normal liver tissues (51% vs. 69%) (both P < 0.01). BZW2 expression was significantly correlated with tumor diameter and tumor capsule (both P < 0.05), whereas IVD expression was significantly associated with tumor diameter, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, tumor, node and metastasis (TNM) staging and whether vascular invasion was found or not (all P < 0.05). In the high BZW2 expression group, the cumulative recurrence rate of HCC was significantly higher and the cumulative survival rate was significantly lower than those in the low BZW2 expression group. In the low IVD expression group, the cumulative recurrence rate of HCC was significantly higher and the cumulative survival rate was significantly lower compared with those in the high IVD expression group (all P < 0.05). Conclusions The expression level of BZW2 protein is up-regulated, whereas that of IVD protein is down-regulated in the HCC tissues. Moreover, the cumulative recurrence rate of HCC is relatively high and the cumulative survival rate is relatively low in liver transplant recipients with high BZW2 expression and low IVD expression.
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Objective:To investigate the application value of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in tumor staging of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy.Methods:The clinical data of 40 patients diagnosed with stage Ⅲ AEG and treated with neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy from January 2016 to December 2021 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University were retrospectively analyzed. EUS was used to perform preoperative tumor staging after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy to evaluate the therapeutic effect, and the consistency between EUS and postoperative pathological staging was analyzed.Results:In 40 AEG patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, the EUS staging was stage yp-uT 2 in 12 cases, stage yp-uT 3 in 18 cases, and stage yp-uT 4 in 10 cases. The postoperative pathological staging was stage pT 1 in 2 cases, stage pT 2 in 14 cases, stage pT 3 in 12 cases, and stage pT 4 in 12 cases. Taking postoperative pathological results as the gold standard, the accuracy of EUS for T staging after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was 62.5%, and the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for stage T 2 were 58.3%, 50.0% and 80.8%, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for stage T 3 were 61.1%, 91.7% and 75.0%, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for stage T 4 were 70.0%, 58.3% and 89.3%, respectively. The Kappa value of the consistency test between yp-uT staging and pT staging was 0.453. The EUS staging of lymph nodes was stage yp-uN 0 in 15 cases, stage yp-uN 1 in 10 cases, stage yp-uN 2 in 10 cases, and stage yp-uN 3 in 5 cases. The postoperative pathological staging was stage pN 0 in 18 cases, stage pN 1 in 7 cases, stage pN 2 in 7 cases, and stage pN 3 in 8 cases. Taking postoperative pathological results as the gold standard, the accuracy rate of EUS for N staging after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was 57.5%, and the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of EUS for stage N 0 were 73.3%, 61.1% and 81.8%, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for stage N 1 were 50.0%, 71.4% and 84.8%, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for stage N 2 were 40.0%, 57.1% and 81.8%, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for stage N 3 were 60.0%, 37.5% and 93.8%, respectively. The Kappa value of the consistency test between yp-uN staging and pN staging was 0.409. Conclusions:EUS is not accurate for T staging in patients with stage Ⅲ AEG after neoadjuvant therapy, but has high sensitivity for stage T 3 and high specificity for stage T 4. EUS has low sensitivity for N staging in patients with stage Ⅲ AEG after neoadjuvant therapy, but has high specificity for stage N 3.
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Objective:To analyze the expression level of minichromosome maintenance protein 6 (MCM6) in colon cancer tissues, the correlation between the expression level of MCM6 and the clinicopathological characteristics of colon cancer patients, and the correlation between MCM6 and PCNA expression.Methods:The expression levels of MCM6 in different tumor tissues were analyzed based on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. The expression levels and correlations of MCM6 and PCNA in colon cancer tissues were analyzed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and immunohistochemical experiments. The correlation between MCM6 expression level and clinical characteristics of colon cancer patients was analyzed. The correlation between MCM6 and PCNA expression in colon cancer was analyzed based on TCGA database and Gene Expression Profile Interaction Analysis (GEPIA) database.Results:Bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemical results confirmed that MCM6 was highly expressed in colon cancer tissues, and its expression level was correlated with the tumor stage of patients ( P=0.01). In colon cancer, the expression of MCM6 and PCNA was correlated with statistical significance ( P<0.05). Conclusions:MCM6 is highly expressed in colon cancer tissue and is related to the clinical characteristics of patients, suggesting that MCM6 can be used as a potential marker of colon cancer.
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Objective:To investigate the expression level of poly ADP ribose polymerase 14(PARP14) in thyroid cancer and its relationship with the clinicopathologic characteristics of the patient with thyroid cancer and evaluate the role of PARP14 in the progression of thyroid cancer.Methods:The gene expression interaction analysis (GEPIA) database was used to analyze the expression of PARP14 in normal thyroid tissue and thyroid cancer tissue and its relationship with disease-free survival of patients. The expression of PARP14 in thyroid cancer tissue and adjacent tissues of the patient with thyroid cancer was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. According to the staining intensity, the patients were divided into the high expression group and the low expression group, and the correlation between the expression of PARP14 and clinical pathological characteristics was analyzed. The effect of PARP14 on the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells was investigated by clone formation testing and MTT testing.Results:The results of bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that PARP14 was overexpressed in thyroid cancer tissue, and the disease-free survival rate of the patient with high expression was lower. The expression level of PARP14 was correlated with tumor stage and intrathyroidal spread (all P<0.05). The results of the clonogenic assay and the MTT assay showed that the expression of KIF4A could promote the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells ( P<0.05). Conclusions:PARP14 is highly expressed in thyroid cancer and is related to the clinicopathological characteristics of patients, suggesting that it may be a therapeutic target for thyroid cancer.
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An effective, reliable and practical staging is of great help to the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor using clinical stage in gynecological tumors, but staging lacks objectivity in judging the tumor size, para-uterine invasion, vaginal margin, vascular invasion and so on. By October 2018, the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) had revised the 2009 FIGO cervical cancer staging that had been used before.However, the changed points of the 2018 FIGO cervical cancer staging are controversial.
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Gynecologic cancer, a class of malignant tumors originating from female reproductive systems, consists of approximately 20% of all female malignancies, which severely affects female health and causes disease, economic, social and family burdens. Imaging tools, such as ultrasound, CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have been widely used in screening and clinical diagnosis of gynecologic cancers, which provide insights into the pre-surgical evaluation and treatment planning. This review summarizes the advances of MRI in the diagnosis of common gynecologic cancers, including endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, vulvar cancer and ovarian cancer.
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Objective@#To explore the feasibility, safety and long-term efficacy of laparoscopic total gastrectomy combined with distal pancreaticosplenectomy for the treatment of T4b gastric cancer.@*Methods@#A retrospective cohort study was performed. Clinical data of consecutive patients with T4b gastric cancer invading pancreatic tail undergoing laparoscopic or open total gastrectomy combined with distal pancreaticosplenectomy from January 2010 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Enrollment criteria: (1) primary gastric cancer confirmed by pathology as T4b adenocarcinoma; (2) chest+abdominal+pelvic enhanced CT indicated cancer invading pancreatic tail without distant metastasis, and R0 resection was evaluated as feasible before operation; (3) physical status was ECOG score 0 to 2, and was tolerant to operation. Patients with peritoneal implant metastasis and tumor invasion of other organs during operation, or changes in surgical methods for other reasons were excluded. All the operations were performed by the same surgical team, which had the experiences of more than 100 cases of laparoscopic and 100 cases of open radical gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection. The choice of surgical procedure was discussed by the surgeon and the patient, and decided according to the patient′s intension. Patients were divided into the laparoscopic group and open group according to the surgical method. Intraoperative and perioperative findings were compared between the two groups. The 3-year disease-free survival rate were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival curve and compared by using log-rank test.@*Results@#A total of 37 consecutive patients were enrolled, including 21 in the laparoscopic group and 16 in the open group, and no one receiving laparoscopic procedure was converted to open surgery. The baseline data of two groups were comparable (all P>0.05). Compared with the open group, the laparoscopic group had significantly longer operation time [(264.0±35.1) minutes vs. (226.6±49.9) minutes, t=2.685, P=0.011], significantly less intraoperative blood loss [(65.7±37.4) ml vs. (182.2±94.6) ml, t=-4.658, P<0.001], significantly shorter time to postoperative flatus [(2.8±0.7) days vs. (4.1±0.7) days, t=-5.776, P<0.001] and significantly shorter postoperative hospital stay [(13.3±2.8) days vs. (16.6±4.3) days, t=-2.822, P=0.008]. Morbidity of postoperative complications, including anastomotic leakage, pancreatic fistula, abdominal abscess, intraperitoneal hemorrhage and duodenal stump leakage, in two groups was similar [19.0% (4/21) vs. 4/16, P=0.705]. There were no cases of anastomotic bleeding or stenosis. The 30-day postoperative mortality was 0 in the laparoscopic group and 1/16 in the open group, respectively (P=0.432). The 3-year disease-free survival rates were 38.1% and 37.5% in the laparoscopic and open group, respectively (P=0.751).@*Conclusion@#Laparoscopic total gastrectomy combined with distal pancreaticosplenectomy performed by experienced surgeons for T4b gastric cancer is safe and effective.
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Background: The study was conducted to understand the clinical solution of renal cell carcinoma. Correlation was done by clinical presentation with radiological features and histopathology of renal cell carcinoma. The stress upon to understand the necessity for a team-approach between Clinician, Radiologist and Pathologist and vice versa is emphasized. Aim: Histopathology and Clinical Correlation of Renal cell carcinoma. Methods: The total number of renal tumours studied during the 8 years period was 45 cases among which 25 cases were diagnosed by histopathology as various types of renal cell carcinoma conclusively. This is a retrospective study of renal tumours, diagnosed by histopathology as various types of renal cell carcinoma. All the relevant clinical data of the patients were searched from the ward records. The various Radiological features were collected. Results: The total number of renal tumours studied during the 8 years period was 45 cases among which 25 cases were diagnosed by histopathology as various types of renal cell carcinoma conclusively. MRI provides molecular information with regard to renal cell carcinoma and potentially aid in biopsy planning. The total cases reported in the department is twenty five vases out of which sixteen cases are attending follow up after 3 years. Conclusion: The Fuhrman grading of renal cell carcinoma correlated grading of renal cell carcinoma. Preoperative radiological classification can be used as a supplement to the histopathological grading. Renal cell carcinoma needs correlation between Radiologist, Pathologist and Clinician.
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Objective To analyze the prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods The retrospective case-control study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 93 patients [61 males and 32 females,age (64±8)years with the range of 43-84 years] with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent surgical treatments in the General Hospital of the Northern Theater from January 2010 to December 2017 were collected.According to preoperative different staging and intraoperative exploration of hilar cholangiocarcinoma,corresponding operations were performed.Observation indicators:(1) surgical treatment situations;(2) tumor typing,staging and degree of differentiation:① tumor typing and staging,② degree of tumor differentiation;(3) follow-up situations;(4) analysis of prognostic factors:① univariate analysis,② multivariate analysis;(5) subgroup analysis.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect survival time and survival rate of patients up to December 31,2017.Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival time and survival rate and to draw survival curves.Survival situations were analyzed byLog-rank test.The univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed using the Log-rank test and COX proportional hazard model respectively.Results (1) Surgical treatment situations:93 patients underwent surgical treatments,including 51 undergoing radical resection,23 undergoing palliative resection,16 undergoing internal biliary drainage or external drainage,3 undergoing abdominal laparotomy and intraoperative biopsy.(2) Tumor typing,staging and degree of differentiation.① Tumor typing and staging:of the 93 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma,Bismuth-Corlette type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲa,Ⅲb and Ⅳ were detected in 26,22,9,18 and 18 patients.TNM stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were detected in 7,34,22 and 30 patients,Mayo Clinic stage 1,2,3,4 were detected in 20,19,51 and 3 patients.② Degree of tumor differentiation:results of pathological examination showed 16 of 93 patients with highly differentiated adenocarcinoma,35 with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma,37 with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma,4 with mucinous adenocarcinoma and 1 with papillary adenocarcinoma.(3) Follow-up situations:93 patients were followed up for 6-36 months,with a median time of 24 months.The survival time of 93 patients was (21.4±2.1)months and the 1-,2-,3-year overall survival rates were 62.2％,34.9％ and 17.1％,respectively.(4) Analysis of prognostic factors:① results of univariate analysis showed that preoperative level of TBil,preoperative level of CA19-9,preoperative level of CA24-2,surgical methods,lymph node metastasis,vascular invasion,TNM staging,Mayo Clinic staging,degree of tumor differentiation were related factors affecting prognosis of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (x2 =6.321,7.357,6.590,22.088,11.173,22.914,23.326,25.966,39.512,P＜0.05).② Results of multivariate analysis showed that preoperative level of TBil,preoperative level of CA 19-9,surgical methods,vascular invasion and degree of tumor differentiation were independent factors affecting prognosis of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (odds ratio=1.002,1.001,2.690,2.626,0.420,95％ confidence interval:1.000-1.004,1.000-1.002,1.474-4.910,1.333-5.134,0.206-0.854,P＜0.05).(5) Subgroup analysis:of the 93 patients,the survival time of 51 undergoing radical resection was (28.0±2.3)months,and the 1-,2-,3-year survival rates were 75.3％,57.5％ and 25.7％,respectively;the survival time of 23 undergoing palliative resection was (14.0±2.4)months and the 1-,2-,3-year survival rates were 60.9％,13.0％,0,respectively;the survival time of 19 undergoing biliary drainage or open exploration was (8.0±2.9) months and the 1-,2-,3-year survival rates were 31.6％,7.9％,0,respectively.The survival of patients undergoing radical resection was significantly different from that of patients undergoing palliative resection,biliary drainage and open laparotomy respectively (x2 =10.939,18.343,P＜0.05).The survival of patients undergoing palliative resection was not statistically significant different from that of patients undergoing biliary drainage or exploration group (x2 =2.803,P＞0.05).Of the 35 patients with vascular invasion,the overall survival time was (7.0±2.0)months and 1-,2-,3-year survival rates were 14.5％,7.3％,0 respectively in 18 with portal vein invasion only,(10.0± 2.1)months and 37.5％,18.8％,and 18.8％ respectively in 8 with hepatic artery invasion,showing no statistically significant difference between the two groups (x2 =0.905,P＞0.05).Conclusions Preoperative level of TBil,preoperative level of CA19-9,surgical procedures,vascular invasion and degree of tumor differentiation are independent prognostic factors for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Radical resection can prolong the survival time of patients compared with other surgical treatments.
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Objective@#To compare the diagnostic value of T2 weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and T2WI+ DWI magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for staging of rectal cancers for improving the accuracy of tumor staging.@*Methods@#From January 2011 to December 2013, 120 cases of rectal cancers proved by colonoscopy without receiving any anti-tumor treatment were enrolled retrospectively. The MRI data for these patients were divided into three groups, ie., T2WI, DWI and T2WI+ DWI, for evaluating the tumor stages. The results were compared with histopathologic findings. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated and compared with chi-square test. The nodal staging was predicted by using T2WI+ DWI.@*Results@#The accuracy for prediction of tumor staging was 83.3%, 65.0% and 92.5% for T2WI, DWI, and T2WI+ DWI respectively. The specificity for evaluating T1 and T2 stage, and the sensitivity for evaluating T3 by DWI was significantly lower than those using T2WI and T2WI+ DWI in rectal cancers. The sensitivity for evaluation of T2 by DWI was lower than that using T2WI+ DWI (63.0% vs. 88.9%). The sensitivity for evaluation T2 and specificity for T3 by T2WI+ DWI was higher than thouse using T2WI only (88.9% vs. 51.9%, 94.0% vs. 72.0%). The accuracy for prediction of nodal staging by using T2WI+ DWI was 62.1% (72/116).@*Conclusions@#T2WI is the key sequence for staging of rectal cancers. Although the diagnostic accuracy was not good by using DWI alone, the combination of T2WI and DWI can improve the accuracy significantly for tumor staging in rectal cancers, whereas the nodal staging was still a hard task for radiologists.
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Objective To investigate the value of multiparametric-MRI in predicting the T stage,the infil-tration,limitation and lymph node accuracy of bladder cancer. Methods A total of 55 patients underwent HR T2WI,DWI and DCE-MRI examination.The only diagnosis and the diagnosis combined diagnosis of bladder can-cer,tumor staging and infiltration were compared,and pathological diagnosis was used as the standard.ROC curve analysis was used to analyze the value of ADC in predicting the invasion of bladder cancer. Results There were 35 cases of stage T1,15 cases of stage T2,3 cases of stage T3 and 2 cases of stage T4.The accuracy of multipara-metric-MRI in staging of bladder cancer was 87.27%,which was better than that of DWI(80.00%),DCE-MRI (74.00%).HR-T2WI(K =0.768)has some advantages over DCE-MRI(k=0.545),DWI(k=0.648)and HR T2WI(k=0.280).The accuracy of multiparametric-MRI diagnosis of myasthenic invasive bladder cancer and localized bladder cancer was 87.27%,which was better than that of HR-T2WI,DWI and DCE-MRI.The AUC of ADC value was 0.989 for diagnosis of invasive bladder and 1.54 × 10-3mm2/s for diagnostic bladder cancer. The AUC of ROC curve for non-localized bladder cancer was 0.984 and the diagnostic cutoff point 1.42 × 10-3mm2/s. Conclusions The use of Multiparametric-MRI has high diagnostic performance in the diagnosis of bladder cancer in patients with T staging,myometrial invasion and tumor extent.
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In recent years,there has been a very good opportunity for the development of colorectal surgery in China.It has developed rapidly,both in clinical practice and clinical research.For example,normalized diagnosis and treatment is becoming commonplace,standardized laparoscopic colorectal surgery has been promoted,and the surgical technique has been developing rapidly.However,there are many challenges in the field of colorectal surgery,especially in clinical research,which needs to be strengthened in an all-round way.Therefore,improving the level of standardization of the diagnosis and treatment,and carrying out the clinical research,will remain the primary task of colorectal surgery in China for a long time.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors that influence the progression-free survival time (PFS) of patients with non-squamous cell carcinoma type non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after first chemotherapy, and to provide reference for the formulation of clinical individual treatment regimen. METHODS: Clinical information of 84 patients with non-squamous cell carcinoma type NSCLC after first chemotherapy were selected from our hospital during Jan. 2012-Dec. 2014. The effects of patient's factors [gender, age, performance status (PS) score], disease factors [tumor staging, tumor marker (TM) level] and treatment factors (chemotherapy regimen and treatment course, chemotherapy efficacy) on PFS were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for 11. 933 months averagely (final follow-up time of Jun. 30th, 2017), and their median PFS was 4. 017 months. The median PFS of male was slightly shorter than that of female; the median PFS of patients aged more than 65 year-old was slightly shorter than that of patients aged below 65 year-old; the median PFS of patients with PS score of 0-1 was slightly longer than that of patients with PS score of 2-4, without statistical significance (P＞0. 05). The median PFS of Ⅱ -Ⅲ stage patients was significantly longer than that of Ⅳ stage patients; the median PFS of patients with at least one TM index was 10 times higher than the upper limit of the normal value was significantly shorter than that of patients with four TM indexes were all 10 times lower than the upper limit of the normal value; the median PFS of patients underwent 1-3 treatment courses was significantly shorter than that of patients underwent 4-6 treatment courses; the median PFS of patients with progressive disease efficacy was significantly shorter than that of patients with stable disease efficacy or above, with statistical significance (P＜0. 05). Among 84 patients, 81 patients selected PP regimen (pemetrexed disodium+platinum), and other patients chose non-PP regimen. Due to the large difference in the number of cases, the effect of the chemotherapy regimen on the patient' s PFS was not investigated. CONCLUSIONS: The disease factor and treatment factor of patients may be associated with PFS. Tumor staging, at least one TM index was 10 times higher than the upper limit of the normal value, the number of completed chemotherapy treatment course, chemotherapy efficacy are independent influential factors of PFS in patients with non-squamous cell carcinoma type NSCLC.
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Objective To compare the clinical features and prognosis in patients with accidental N1 phase and expected N1 phase of non-small cell lung cancer( NSCLC) . Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on the one hundred and seventy-six NSCLC patients who underwent surgery and were pathologically diagnosed with pT1-3N1M0 phase NSCLC from January 2008 to June 2012. Among them,there were 75 patients with accidental N1 disease (cN0-pN1) NSCLC (accidental group),and 101 patients with expected N1 disease (cN1-pN1) NSCLC (clinical group). The clinical features,metastasis and recurrence,survival time,1,3,5-year survival rates of the two groups were analyzed. Results There were significant differences in tumor diameter, pathologic T staging,the number of lymph node metastasis and the number of stations between the two groups (P<0. 05) . The local recurrence rate of the patients in the accident group was 10. 7% ( 8/ 75), which was significantly lower than that in the clinical group 21. 8% ( 22/ 101), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 7. 988,P= 0. 039). The survival time of accidental group was (46. 8±5. 5) months,compared with the expected group ((29. 7±4. 9) months),it was obviously prolonged (t = 8. 665,P = 0. 029). The 1,3 and 5 year survival rates in the accident group were 85. 3% (64/ 75),57. 3% (43/ 75),42. 7% (32/ 75), respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the clinical group (73. 3% (74/ 101),43. 6% (44/101),28. 7% (29/ 101)) (χ2 = 6. 089,7. 490,9. 112,P<0. 05). Conclusion The clinical manifestations are different. N1 phase NSCLC patients have a certain degree of heterogeneity. Accidental N1 phase NSCLC patients have obvious advantages in local recurrence and long-term survival than those with clinical N1 phase NSCLC.
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Prostate cancer imaging has become an important diagnostic modality for tumor evaluation. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) has been extensively studied, and the results are robust and promising. The advent of the PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has added morphofunctional information from the standard of reference MRI to highly accurate molecular information from PET. Different PSMA ligands have been used for this purpose including 68gallium and 18fluorine-labeled PET probes, which have particular features including spatial resolution, imaging quality and tracer biodistribution. The use of PSMA PET imaging is well established for evaluating biochemical recurrence, even at low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, but has also shown interesting applications for tumor detection, primary staging, assessment of therapeutic responses and treatment planning. This review will outline the potential role of PSMA PET/MRI for the clinical assessment of PCa.
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Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Glutamato Carboxipeptidase II , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Antígenos de Superfície , Neoplasias da Próstata/sangue , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangue , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/sangue , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Introducción: el cáncer rectal representa un problema de salud en el mundo y la estadificación clínica constituye la llave para definir la conducta a seguir. Objetivo: determinar la eficacia de la ecoendoscopia en el estadiaje T y N del cáncer rectal. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, desde enero del 2014 hasta marzo del 2016, se seleccionaron un total de 33 pacientes que se habían realizado ecoendoscopia y que luego fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente. Se comparó la estadificación mediante ecoendoscopia con el informe anatomopatológico de la pieza quirúrgica obtenida. Se calculó concordancia global y eficacia diagnóstica en los diferentes estadios del cáncer rectal. Resultados: la concordancia global para la etapa T fue 57,6 por ciento y 87,9 por ciento para N. La precisión diagnóstica en pacientes que recibieron adyuvancia resultó del 47,1 por ciento y 82,4 por ciento para las etapas T y N respectivamente. La eficacia diagnóstica por subetapas T resultó en valores respectivos de sensibilidad y especificidad de 71,43 por ciento (95 por ciento CI 64 por ciento-79 por ciento) y 84,6 por ciento (95 por ciento CI 82 por ciento-86 por ciento) en T1; 76,9 por ciento (95 por ciento CI 73 por ciento-81 por ciento) y 70,0 por ciento (95 por ciento CI 67 por ciento-73 por ciento) en T2; y 42,8 por ciento (95 por ciento CI 35,5 por ciento-50,2 por ciento) y 96,2 por ciento (95 por ciento CI 94,2 por ciento-98,1 por ciento) en T3. Conclusiones: la concordancia global en T resultó inferior a lo reportado en la literatura consultada así como la eficacia diagnóstica de la técnica, debido a que 17 pacientes tuvieron tratamiento adyuvante previo. No hubo resultados significativos en la evaluación de la etapa N(AU)
Introduction: Rectal cancer represents a health problem nowadays worldwide, for that reason an accurate clinical staging of the disease is fundamental to define the proper behavior to follow. Objective: To determine the efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound for staging rectal cancer. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out, from January 2014 to March 2016 in Cuban National Center of Minimal Access Surgery in 33 patients (17 men and 16 women) who had undergone endoscopic ultrasound and who underwent surgery too. Their endoscopic ultrasound staging were compared with their anatomopathological reports of the surgical pieces obtained. Global concordance and diagnostic efficacy were calculated. Results: The overall concordance for stage T was 57.6 percent and 87.9 percent for N. The diagnostic accuracy in the patients that received adjuvant treatment previously was lower than the group of patients that not received it. The diagnostic efficacy by sub-steps T resulted in respective values of sensitivity and specificity of 71.43 percent and 84.6 percent in T1; 76.9 percent and 70.0 percent in T2; and 42.8 percent and 96.2 percent in T3. Conclusions: The overall concordance in T was lower than that reported in the literature consulted as well as the diagnostic efficacy of the technique, because 17 patients had previous adjuvant treatment. There were no significant results in the evaluation of stage N(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias Retais/diagnóstico por imagem , Endossonografia/métodos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias/efeitos adversos , Epidemiologia DescritivaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to assess the adherence of newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma patients to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer system treatment guidelines and to examine the impact of adherence on the survival of patients in different stages of the disease. METHODS: This study included all patients referred for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma between 2010 and 2012. Patients (n=364) were classified according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer guidelines. Deviations from the recommended guidelines were discussed, and treatment was determined by a multidisciplinary team. The overall survival curves were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and were compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS: The overall rate of adherence to the guidelines was 52%. The rate of adherence of patients in each scoring group varied as follows: stage 0, 33%; stage A, 45%; stage B, 78%; stage C, 35%; and stage D, 67%. In stage 0/A, adherent patients had a significantly better overall survival than non-adherent patients (hazard ratio=0.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09-0.42; p<0.001). Among the stage D patients, the overall survival rate was worse in adherent patients than in non-adherent patients (hazard ratio=4.0, 95% CI: 1.67-9.88; p<0.001), whereas no differences were observed in patients in stages B or C. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of adherence to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system in clinical practice varies according to clinical disease stage. Adherence to the recommended guidelines positively impacts survival, especially in patients with early-stage disease.