Masas cardiacas: registro de la experiencia en un centro de alta complejidad / Cardiac masses: report of experience in a high complexity centre

Resumen Introducción: Las masas cardiacas son una entidad heterogénea, que incluye lesiones neoplásicas y no neoplásicas y se clasifican en primarias y secundarias o metastásicas. Métodos: Estudio observacional analítico de tipo cohorte retrospectivo. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 73 individuos de los cuales se analizaron los datos de 66. Las masas cardiacas se diagnosticaron con mayor frecuencia en mujeres (53%). El síntoma más frecuente fue disnea (35%), seguido por dolor torácico (28%); otras manifestaciones comunes fueron fiebre (22%), pérdida de peso (22%) y focalización neurológica (22%). 44 pacientes fueron llevados a intervención quirúrgica o toma de biopsia de lesiones primarias encontrando como principal diagnóstico mixoma en 18 de ellos (27%); el resto de neoplasias primarias cardiacas fueron raras, fibroelastoma 2 casos (3%), al igual que rabdomioma y rabdomiosarcoma con solo un caso; el compromiso secundario fue frecuente con 18 casos (27%) representados principalmente por linfomas con 5 casos (8%), tumores primarios renales con 4 casos (6%) y cáncer de pulmón con 3 casos (5%). Dentro del seguimiento, el 77% estaban vivos en los siguientes seis meses del diagnóstico; la principal causa de muerte fue la progresión de la enfermedad oncológica (8 pacientes), seguida por ataque cerebrovascular (3 pacientes) y choque postoperatorio (2 pacientes). Conclusiones: Los pacientes con masas cardíacas con frecuencia tienen síntomas inespecíficos incluidos en tres ejes principales: insuficiencia cardíaca, síntomas generales y embolia sistémica. La frecuencia de mixoma auricular y las neoplasias secundarias fue similar.

Abstract Introduction: Cardiac masses are a heterogeneous condition, and include neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions that can be classified as primary, secondary, or metastatic. Methods: An analytical observational study of a retrospective cohort. Results: A total of 74 subjects were included, of which the data of 66 of them were analysed. Cardiac masses were diagnosed more often in women (53%). The most frequent symptom was dyspnoea (35%), followed by chest pain (28%). Other common signs were fever (22%), weight loss (22%), and a neurological focus (22%). A total of 44 patients had surgery or a biopsy taken of the primary lesions found. The primary diagnosis was a myxoma in 18 (27%). The rest of the primary cardiac tumours were rare, with a fibroelastoma in 2 cases (3%), rhabdomyoma 2 cases (3%), and only one case of rhabdomyosarcoma. There was secondary involvement in 18 cases (27%), mainly as lymphomas in 5 cases (8%), primary renal tumours in 4 cases (6%), and lung cancer in 3 cases. During follow-up, 77% were alive in the six months following the diagnosis. The main cause of death was progression of the oncological disease (8 patients), followed a cerebrovascular attack (3 patients), and post-surgical shock (2 patients). Conclusions: Patients with cardiac masses of have non-specific symptoms included in three main groups: heart failure, general symptoms, and systemic embolisms. The frequency of atrial myxoma and secondary tumours was similar.

Metástases hepáticas: abordagem atual / Liver metastases: current approach

O tratamento cirúrgico das metástases hepáticas cada vez mais é evidenciado como o mais importante nos pacientes com câncer. Mesmo sabendo-se que 25% a 50% dos pacientes que morrem por neoplasias malignas apresentam metástases hepáticas, muito benefício tem sido relatado com os avanços da cirurgia hepática e da terapia anticancerosa regional. Com isso, cada vez mais os cirurgiões acreditam na necessidade de reavaliação e de manejo dos pacientes com metástases no fígado.

Surgical treatment of liver metastasis is increasingly highlighted as the most important in patients with cancer. Even knowing that 25% to 50% of patients who die from malignant neoplasms have liver metastasis, much benefit has been reported with advances in liver surgery and regional anticancer therapy. With this, more and more surgeons believe in the re-evaluation and management of patients with liver metastasis.