Prevalence of elongated posterior talar process (stieda process) detected by radiography / Prevalencia del proceso talar posterior alargado (proceso de stieda) detectado por radiografía

SUMMARY: The Stieda process (SP) and os trigonum (OT) are primary risk factors for posterior ankle impingement syndrome. The aim of this study was to elucidate the prevalence of the elongated lateral tubercle of the posterior talar process (SP) and OT in Turkish subjects using lateral ankle radiographs. In this study, 1088 ankle radiographs in the lateral view were evaluated retrospectively using a picture archiving and communication system at two large medical centers. Subjects with a history of mild-to-moderate trauma were selected from the emergency departments of both hospitals from January to June 2019. Data on the presence of SP and OT, the side of the foot that was evaluated, sex, and age were recorded. The prevalence of SP and OT was 16.7 % and 9.3 %, respectively, in the Turkish population. The prevalence of SP was significantly higher in men (20.3 %) than in women (12.7 %) (p = 0.001). The prevalence of OT was also significantly higher in men (13.7 %) than in women (4.3 %) (p = 0.000). The SP and OT were found in 17 % and 9.9 % of the right feet, respectively, and 16.4 % and 8.6 % of the left feet, respectively, with no statistical difference. Approximately one-fourth of the Turkish population had SP or OT, which made them susceptible to posterior ankle impingement syndrome. The prevalence of SP was higher than that of OT, and both were more common in men than in women.

RESUMEN: El proceso de Stieda (Stieda process) (SP) y el Os trigonum (OT) son factores de riesgo primarios para el síndrome de pinzamiento del tobillo posterior. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia del tubérculo lateral alargado del proceso talar posterior (SP) y OT en sujetos turcos mediante radiografías laterales de tobillo. Se evaluaron retrospectivamente 1088 radiografías de tobillo con vista lateral, utilizando un sistema de archivo y comunicación de imágenes en dos centros médicos importantes. Los sujetos con antecedentes de trauma leve a moderado fueron seleccionados en las unidades de urgencia de ambos hospitales de enero a junio de 2019. Se registraron datos sobre la presencia de SP y OT, el lado del pie que se evaluó, el sexo y la edad. La prevalencia de SP y OT fue de 16,7 % y 9,3 %, respectivamente, en la población turca. La prevalencia de SP fue significativamente mayor en hombres (20,3 %) que en mujeres (12,7 %) (p = 0,001). La prevalencia de OT también fue significativamente mayor en hombres (13,7 %) que en mujeres (4,3 %) (p = 0,000). El SP y OT se encontraron en 17 % y 9,9 % de los pies derechos, respectivamente, y 16,4 % y 8,6 % de los pies izquierdos, respectivamente, sin diferencia estadística. Aproximadamente un cuarto de la población turca tenía SP u OT, lo que los hizo susceptibles al síndrome de pinzamiento del tobillo posterior. La prevalencia de SP fue mayor que la de OT, y ambos fueron más comun en hombres que en mujeres.

The determination of the piriform aperture morphometry and golden ratio in healthy Turkish subjects: a CT study / Determinación de la morfometría de la apertura piriforme y la proporción áurea en sujetos turcos sanos: un estudio con TC

This study was undertaken to determine the morphometry of the piriform aperture width and height in Turkish population aged between 18-60 years. It was a retrospective study in which 200 subjects were included 106 males and 94 females, ranging from 18 up to 60 years. Subjects having brain CT in the Radiology Department. Statistical analysis were evaluated with SPSS 21.00 programme. ANOVA Test were used to determine the significance between measurements and age group. The p<0.05 value was considered as significant. The groups were divided into four groups according to age. The overall means and standard deviations of the measurements were: piriform aperture height, 45.19±2.91 mm; piriform aperture width, 24.98±2.85 mm; the golden ratio, 1.84±0.19 in males, respectively whereas, the same measurements were 42.84±2.88; 23.46±2.15 mm; 1.83±0.19 in females, respectively. Also there were an increase in piriform aperture width measurement as the age increased. These anatomical values provides more important knowledge to determine the dimensions of these structures in clinic, surgical processes.

El estudio se realizó para determinar la morfometría del ancho y la altura de la abertura piriforme en la población turca de entre 18 y 60 años. Se llevó a cabo un análisis retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron 200 sujetos 106 hombres y 94 mujeres, entre los 18 y 60 años. Sujetos con TC cerebral en el Departamento de Radiología. El análisis estadístico se evaluó con el programa SPSS 21.00. La prueba ANOVA se utilizó para determinar la importancia entre las mediciones y el grupo de edad. El valor p <0,05 se consideró significativo. La muestra se dividió en cuatro grupos según la edad. Las medias generales y las desviaciones estándar de las mediciones fueron: altura de apertura piriforme, 45,19 ± 2,91 mm; ancho de apertura piriforme, 24,98 ± 2,85 mm; la proporción áurea, 1,84 ± 0,19 en varones, mientras que las mismas medidas fueron 42,84 ± 2,88; 23,46 ± 2,15 mm; 1,83 ± 0,19 en mujeres. También hubo un aumento en la medición del ancho de apertura piriforme a medida que la edad aumentó. Estos valores anatómicos proporcionan un conocimiento más importante para determinar las dimensiones de estas estructuras en procesos clínicos y quirúrgicos.

The Face Shape and Golden Ratio Classification In Turkish Healthy Population.

Beauty indicates a specific proportion system. It comprises facial height, width, and symmetry. A beautiful and an attractive face or facial morphology, which is affected by many factors such as social, cultural, ethnic, racial, climate, gender, age, socio-economic, nutritional, and genetic is a subjective concept. We wanted to determine the facial morphology, golden ratio, and classify the face shape, in Turkish healthy adults. METHODSThis is a descriptive study conducted among two hundred twenty-eight (139 females; 89 males) subjects aged between 18 and 25 years. Physiognomic facial height, the width of face, face golden ratio, morphological facial height, facial index were measured. Based on the face index, the face shape was classified as hypereuryprosopic, euryprosopic, mesoprosopic, leptoprosopic, and hyperleptoprosopic. Also, the face shape was determined according to the golden ratio. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS Ver. 22. Chi-Square Test was used to determine the differences between gender and face measurements. A p value of <0.05 value was considered as significant.RESULTSOut of 228 subjects, face shape according to golden ratio was normal in 11 female subjects, short in 128 female subjects. Also, in males, the same parameter was normal in 10 subjects, short in 72, and long in 7 subjects. On the other hand, significant differences were found between the genders. Hypereuroprosopic face type was the least observed in males but not in females.CONCLUSİONSThe facial shape data may be valuable for evaluating various disorders and variations for plastic surgeons and orthodontists and other clinicians

Genetic Risk Factors for Psoriasis in Turkish Population: -1540 C/A, -1512 Ins18, and +405 C/G Polymorphisms within the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene

BACKGROUND: Evidence regarding the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) as a potent mediator of angiogenesis and inflammation in psoriasis has revealed variations in this gene as surrogate markers of psoriasis. OBJECTIVE: VEGFA gene polymorphisms (-1540 C/A, -1512 Ins18, -460 T/C, and +405 C/G) in psoriasis susceptibility in Turkish population were investigated. METHODS: A total of 200 age, sex and ethnicity-matched psoriatic and healthy individuals were examined for clinical type, response to therapy, serum VEGFA and its receptor levels, genotypes and haplotypes. RESULTS: The +405 GG, +405 CG, -1540 CA, and -1512 +Ins18 genotypes conferred a significant risk for developing psoriasis. The C-InsTC haplotype in the controls and C+InsTG, A+InsTC, and A-InsTG haplotypes in psoriatic patients were observed to be significantly high. Increased serum levels of VEGFA were detected in psoriatic patients with the C-InsTC haplotype than that in the controls. The +405 GG genotype was significantly more frequent in psoriatic patients with a positive family history, and the moderate form of psoriasis was more frequent among C+InsTG haplotype carriers than that among the other patients. The +405 GG genotype was found to be more frequent in patients responding to oral retinoids. Serum VEGFR1/FLT1 and VEGFR2/KDR levels were not significantly different when psoriatic patients and controls were stratified based on the risk polymorphic variants. CONCLUSION: VEGFA gene +405 GG and CG, -1512+Ins18, and -1540 CA genotypes are associated with an increased risk of psoriasis in Turkish population. The G allele at +405 and an 18-bp insertion at -1512 are primarily the risk factors for psoriasis, and this risk is potentiated by the presence of the A allele at the -1540 locus.

Prevalence of bipartite patella in Turkish population: analysis of bilateral knee radiographs in 897 subjects / Prevalencia de patela bipartita en una población turca: análisis de radiografías bilaterales de rodilla en 897 sujetos

Bipartite patella is a normal anatomic variant of patella. There are various data about the prevalence of bipartite patella in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate its prevalence, type distribution and sex predilection in Turkish population. Bilateral knee radiographs were retrospectively reviewed of 897 consecutive adult patients. Cases with bipartite patella were categorized according to the Oohashi classification. Medical records were examined in order to differentiate symptomatic and asymptomatic bipartite patellae. We contacted symptomatic patients by telephone to learn continuity of knee pain. We identified 11 cases (7 male, 4 female) of bipartite patella among the 283 male and 614 female patients. No bilateral cases were identified. The prevalence of bipartite patella was 1.22% overall, 2.47% in males, and 0.65% in females. The most common type was superolateral bipartite patella as seen in 9 patients (81.8%). One subject had lateral bipartite and one subject had superolateral tripartite patella. Painful bipartite patella was found in only 2 patients (18%). One of them had continuing symptoms even after 12 months. In conclusion, we found that the prevalence of bipartite patella in Turkish population was approximately 1%. Both inclusion of only adult (skeletally mature) subjects and assessment with bilateral imaging increased the reliability of this value. In accordance with the literature, bipartite patella was found significantly more frequent in males and mostly in superolateral type. More studies are needed in order to obtain the prevalence, type and sex distribution of bipartite patella in different populations.

La patela bipartita es una variante anatómica normal. En la literaturahay varios datos sobre la prevalencia de patela bipartitae. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la prevalencia, distribución y aparición según sexo en la población turca. Se revisaron retrospectivamente radiografías bilaterales de rodilla de 897 pacientes adultos. Los casos con patela bipartita se clasificaron de acuerdo a la clasificación de Oohashi. Fueron examinados los registros médicos de los pacientes con el fin de diferenciar los casos de patela bipartita sintomática y asintomática. Se estableció contacto con los casos sintomáticos por teléfono para conocer la continuidad del dolor de rodilla. Se identificaron 11 casos (7 varones, 4 mujeres) de patela bipartita entre 283 hombres y 614 pacientes de sexo femenino. No se identificaron casos bilaterales. La prevalencia de patela bipartita fue de 1,22% en total, 2,47% en varones y 0,65% en las mujeres. El tipo más común fue la patela bipartita superolateral en 9 pacientes (81,8%). Un sujeto presentó patela bipartita lateral y en otro caso, patela tripartita superolateral. La patela bipartita dolorosa fue encontrada en sólo 2 pacientes (18%). Uno de ellos presentó síntomas que continuaron incluso después de 12 meses. En conclusión, se encontró que la prevalencia de la patela bipartita en la población turca fue de aproximadamente un 1%. La inclusión en esta investigación de solo sujetos adultos (con el esqueleto maduro) y el estudio de imágenes bilaterales aumentó la fiabilidad de estos parámetros. De acuerdo con la literatura, la patela bipartita se encontró significativamente de manera más frecuente en hombres y en su mayoría se trató del tipo superolateral. Se necesitan más estudios para obtener la prevalencia, tipo y distribución por sexo de la patela bipartita en diferentes poblaciones.

Prevalence of root dilacerations in Central Anatolian Turkish dental patients / Prevalencia de las dilaceraciones radiculares en pacientes dentales turcos de la región de Anatolia Central

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine, retrospectively, the prevalence and distribution of the dilaceration of the root for each tooth-type in a sample of Central Anatolian Turkish population by using panoramic radiographs. METHOD: Panoramic radiograhs of 6912 patients (3860 women and 3052 men, mean age 29.04 years, range, 15 to 50 years) were examined for the presence of root dilacerations. Chi-square test was also used to compare the prevalence of dilacerations between male and female subjects and upper and lower jaws. RESULTS: Data showed that 1108 (16.0%) of these subjects had one or more teeth that were dilacerated and these were detected in 466 (15.2%) males and 642 (16.6%) females. Statistical analysis (χ² test) showed a significant difference in the prevalence of dilaceration among male and female patients. Mandibular third molars were dilacerated most often (3.76%), followed by mandibular second molars (1.81%). Dilaceration was found in 1.23% of maxillary second premolars and 1.23% of mandibular second molars. CONCLUSION: Root dilacerations are not uncommon among Turkish dental patients, and their early detection could be important in treatment problems associated with it. However, further larger scale studies are required to assess its prevalence in the general population in order to compare it with other ethnic groups.

OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar retrospectivamente la prevalencia y distribución de la dilaceración radicular para cada tipo de diente en una muestra poblacional turca de Anatolia Central, usando radiografías panorámicas. MÉTODO: Se examinaron las radiografías panorámicas de 6912 pacientes (3860 mujeres y 3052 hombres, edad promedio 29.04 años, rango 15 a 50 años) en busca de presencia de dilaceraciones de la raíz. También se usó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado para comparar la prevalencia de dilaceraciones entre los sujetos varones y hembras, y la mandíbula inferior y superior. RESULTADOS: Los datos mostraron que 1108 (16.0%) de estos sujetos tenían uno o más dientes dilacerados, detectados en 466 (15.2%) varones y 642 (16.6%) hembras. El análisis estadístico (prueba χ²) mostró una diferencia significativa en la prevalencia de dilaceración entre los pacientes varones y las hembras. Los terceros molares mandibulares se hallaban dilacerados con mayor frecuencia (3.76%), seguidos por los segundos molares mandibulares (1.81%). Se halló dilaceración en 1.23% de los segundos premolares maxilares y 1.23% de los segundos molares mandibulares. CONCLUSIÓN: Las dilaceraciones radiculares no son poco comunes entre los pacientes dentales turcos, y su detección temprana podría ser importante en el tratamiento de problemas asociados con ellas.

Prevalence and distribution of sesamoid bones of the hand: a radiographic study in Turkish subjects / Prevalencia y distribución de los huesos sesamoideos de la mano; un estudio radiográfico en sujetos turcos

The purpose of this study was to examine the plain anteroposterior radiographs of the hands in Turkish subjects in order to determine the prevalence of sesamoid bones and their distribution. A total of 923 hand radiographs from 459 men and 464 women with a mean age of 43.76±14.8 years (range, 18-85 years) were examined. Two sesamoid bones (ulnar and radial) were always present at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of the thumb (100 percent). One sesamoid bone in the thumb interphalangeal (IP) joint was observed in 21.3 percent of the cases. The prevalence of sesamoid bone of the index and little MCP joint were 36.6 percent and 53.2 percent respectively. Sesamoid bones palmar to the MCP joints of the middle finger and ring finger were rare; the incidence for these locations being 1.3 percent (12 hands) and 0.9 percent (8 hands), respectively. There were no significant differences between left and right hand digits. The distribution of sesamoid bones in different locations between male and female subjects were statistically similar in 1st IP joint (p=0.530), 4th MCP (p=0.631), 5th MCP (p=0.067) joints. However, the sesamoid bones in 2nd MCP and 3rd MCP joints were statistically more frequent in female subjects (p=0.024 and p=0.018 respectively). The present study represents the first report on the prevalence and distribution of sesamoid bones in the hand in Turkish subjects. The prevalence of sesamoid bones in Turkish population is considerably different from the Africans and Europeans, but rather resembles Mediterranean and Arab populations...

El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar radiografías anteroposteriores de manos en sujetos turcos para determinar la prevalencia y distribución de los huesos sesamoideos. Fueron examinadas 923 radiografías de mano, 459 hombres y 464 mujeres, con edad media de 43,76 ± 14,8 años (rango, 18-85 años). Dos huesos sesamoideos (ulnar y radial) estuvieron siempre presentes en la articulación metacarpofalángica (MCF) del primer dedo de la mano (100 por ciento). Un solo hueso sesamoideo en la articulación interfalángica (IP) del primer dedo de la mano se observó en el 21,3 por ciento de los casos. La prevalencia del hueso sesamoideo, índice y articulación MCP fueron fue de 36,6 por ciento y 53,2 por ciento respectivamente. Los huesos sesamoideos palmares a las articulaciones metacarpofalángica del dedo medio y dedo anular eran poco frecuentes, su incidencia fue 1,3 por ciento (12 manos) y 0,9 por ciento (8 manos), respectivamente. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los dígitos izquierdos o derechos. La distribución de los huesos sesamoideos en diferentes lugares entre los sujetos de ambos sexos fueron estadísticamente similares entre las articulaciones primera interfalángica (p = 0,530), cuarta MCP (p = 0,631) y quinta MCP (p = 0,067). Sin embargo, los huesos sesamoideos en las articulaciones segunda MCP y tercera MCP fueron estadísticamente más frecuentes en el sexo femenino (p = 0,024 y p = 0,018, respectivamente). El presente estudio representa el primer informe sobre la prevalencia y distribución de los huesos sesamoideos en la mano en sujetos turcos. La prevalencia de los huesos sesamoideos en la población turca es considerablemente diferente de los africanos y los europeos, pero se asemeja a las poblaciones mediterráneas y árabes...

Red cell enzyme and serum protein polymorphisms (ACP1, PGM1, GLO1, ESD, HP, PI) in Turkish population.

Background: The allele frequencies in human populations are used in different areas such as population genetics, forensic genetics and anthropological studies. Various different populations have been investigated their allele frequency distributions of polymorphic traits. Aims and Objectives: The allele frequency distributions of four red cell enzyme (ACP1, PGM1, GLO1, ESD) and two serum protein systems (HP, PI subtypes) were analyzed in Turkish population from Adana area, Turkey, in order to enlarge our knowledge on the genetic composition of Turkish population. Material and Methods: Venous blood samples taken from 200 unrelated Turkish individuals were transported to the Forensic Serology Laboratory of Albert Szent-Gy φrgyi Medical University (Szeged/Hungary) for phenotyping. The phenotypes of ACP1, PGM1, GLO1, ESD, and HP systems were determined by means of starch gel electrophoresis, while PI subtypes were obtained by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing method. The allele frequencies were calculated by gene counting. Results: The calculated frequencies of the alleles are as follows: ACP1*A = 0.250 ± 0.021, ACP1 *B = 0.693 ± 0.023, ACP1 *C = 0.057 ± 0.011; PGM1 *1 = 0.710 ± 0.022, PGM1*2 = 0.288 ± 0.022, PGM1*6 = 0.002 ± 0.002; GLO1*1 = 0.373 ± 0.024, GLO1*2 = 0.627 ± 0.024; ESD*1 = 0.805 ± 0.019, ESD*2 = 0.195 ± 0.019; HP*1 = 0.265 ± 0.022, HP*2 = 0.735 ± 0.022; PI*M1 = 0.887 ± 0.015, PI*M2 = 0.010 ± 0.004, PI*M3 = 0.095 ± 0.014, PI*S = 0.008 ± 0.004. Conclusions: The comparison of the data with those of Asian and European populations showed that the allele frequencies of ACP1, ESD and HP are similar or close to those of Asian populations, whereas those of PGM1 and PI come close to European populations. The allele frequency of GLO1 system is inbetween those of Asians and Europeans

The prevalence of hereditary thrombophilia in the Trakya region of Turkey

The prevalences of deficiencies in antithrombin III (AT III), protein C (PC), protein S (PS) and in the activated protein C (APC) resistance in the thrombotic population of the Trakya region, Turkey were investigated. 37 patients with venous thrombosis (VT) and 17 patients with arterial thrombosis (ArT) were included in this study. The mean ages of the patients with VT and ArT were 46 years (range 20-70) and 38 years (range 32-40), respectively. The activity of AT III was measured by commercially available immuno-turbidimetric assay. The activities of PC and PS were determined by coagulometric assay. The APC resistance was measured using a modified APTT-based clotting assay. Among the VT patients, there were 2 cases (5.4%) with AT III, 5 (13.51%) with PC deficiency, 5 (13.51%) with PS deficiency and 2 (5.4%) with APC resistance. In the ArT patient group, there was 1 patient (5.88%) with AT III, 3 (17.64%) with PC deficiency, 1 (5.88%) with PS deficiency and no APC resistant patients, while there was one (2.08%) with PC deficiency and one (2.08%) with APC resistance in the control group (49 persons, mean age 41 years). The relative risk of thrombosis (odds ratio) was 1.7 in the deficiency of PC and 5.6 in the deficiency of PS. The data presented suggests that the prevalences of AT III, PC and PS deficiencies causing thrombophilia in the Trakya region of Turkey are higher than in other reported studies while the APC resistance is lower than in others. Further studies including more patients would be required to clarify these discrepancies.