RESUMO
La superdotación es una condición que genera interés y curiosidad en nuestra sociedad. Lamentablemente es un tema muchas veces omitido en la educación médica, especialmente en nuestro país, por lo que es posible que los profesionales de la salud tengamos escasos conocimientos y muchas preguntas acerca de esta condición. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es recopilar la evidencia disponible a la fecha sobre la superdotación, para así ampliar nuestro conocimiento sobre esta condición y mejorar la forma de enfrentar a aquellos que la presentan. ¿Qué se entiende por superdotación? ¿existen bases neurobiológicas que la sustenten? ¿tienen mayor o menor riesgo de psicopatología? estas y otras preguntas se abordan en el presente artículo.
Giftedness is a condition that generates interest and curiousness in our society. Unfortunately, it is a topic often omitted in medical education, especially in our country, so it is possible that health professionals have little knowledge and many questions about it. The aim of this narrative review is to collect the evidence available to date on giftedness, in order to expand our knowledge about this condition and improve the way of dealing with those who present it. What do we understand when we talk about giftedness? Are there neurobiological bases that support it? Do they have a greater or lesser risk of psychopathology? These and other questions are addressed in this article.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Criança Superdotada , InteligênciaRESUMO
Objective: To evaluate the presence of symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in intellectually gifted adults and children. Methods: Two cross-sectional studies were performed in children and adults whose intelligence quotient (IQ) had been previously evaluated using Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM) test. Seventy-seven adults displaying IQ scores above the 98th percentile were assessed using the Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS-18) for signs of ADHD and a modified Waldrop scale for minor physical anomalies (MPAs). Thirty-nine children (grades 1-5) exhibiting IQ scores above the 99th percentile, as well as an equally matched control group, were assessed for ADHD by teachers using the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham IV Rating Scale (SNAP-IV) as used in the NIMH Collaborative Multisite Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA-SNAP-IV). Results: In gifted adults, the frequency of ADHD-positive cases was 37.8%, and the total MPA score was significantly associated with ADHD (p < 0.001). In children, the ADHD-positive case frequency was 15.38% in the gifted group and 7.69% in the control group (odds ratio [OR] = 2.18, p = 0.288). Conclusions: The high frequency of ADHD symptoms observed, both in gifted adults and in gifted (and non-gifted) children, further supports the validity of this diagnosis in this population. Furthermore, the significant association between MPAs and ADHD suggests that a neurodevelopmental condition underlies these symptoms.