Prevalence of Smartphone Addiction and its Relation with Depression among School-going Adolescents

Background: Smartphone addiction among adolescents is an increasingly recognized problem worldwide. It affects the psychological well-being of an individual. Aim and objective: The current study aimed to assess smartphone addiction’s prevalence and its relation to depression among adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 school-going adolescents. Smartphone Addiction Scale - Short version (SAS-SV) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to assess the prevalence of smartphone addiction and depression. Data were analyzed using Epi info software for windows (CDC, Atlanta). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The mean age of study participants was 14.4 years (SD=1.5 years). The prevalence of smartphone addiction was 23%, while depression was present among 45% of the study participants. Comparatively higher duration of smartphone use was significantly associated with smartphone addiction. Depression was significantly higher among smartphone addicts (77.2%) as compared to their counterparts (35.4%). Conclusion and Recommendation: The smartphone usage of adolescents, if not monitored, could lead to its addiction and thus increase the risk of depression among them. To prevent smartphone addiction, limiting children’s screen time is recommended. In this regard, parents can play a pivotal role by becoming responsible digital role models for their children.

Effects of butylphthalide combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy on post-stroke cognitive impairment / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of butylphthalide combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy on post-stroke cognitive impairment in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods:A total of 90 patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment who were hospitalized within 72 hours of onset in Suining County People's Hospital from December 2019 to November 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group ( n = 45/group). The control group was given conventional treatment and the observation group was given butylphthalide combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy in addition to conventional treatment. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, and Activities of Daily Living score were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results:Before treatment, there were no significant differences in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, and Activities of Daily Living score between the two groups (all P > 0.05). At 14 days and 1 month after surgery, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores in the observation group were (4.02 ± 2.18) points and (3.21 ± 2.03) points, which were significantly lower than (5.21 ± 2.24) points and (4.62 ± 2.68) points in the control group ( t =2.55, 2.81, both P < 0.05). At 1 and 3 months after treatment, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score in the observation group were (19.79 ± 5.67) points and (23.69 ± 2.67) points, which were significantly higher than (16.88 ± 5.12) points and (19.74 ± 2.29) points in the control group ( t = 2.56, 7.53, both P < 0.05). At 1 and 3 months after treatment, Activities of Daily Living scores in the observation group were (54.85 ± 5.69) points and (74.38 ± 4.98) points, which were significantly higher than (46.78 ± 6.24) points and (63.21 ± 5.24) points in the control group ( t = 6.41, 9.76, both P < 0.05). Conclusion:Butylphthalide combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment in patients with acute ischemic stroke can alleviate neurologic deficits, and improve cognitive function and the ability of daily life.

Evaluation of Point of Entry Surveillance for COVID-19 at Mumbai International Airport, India, July 2020

India started Point of entry (PoE) surveillance at Mumbai International Airport, screening passengers returning from coronavirus disease (COVID?19)?affected countries using infrared thermometers. We evaluated in July 2020 for March 1–22 with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention evaluation framework. We conducted key informant interviews, reviewed passenger self?reporting forms (SRFs) (randomly selected) and relevant Airport Health Organization and Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) records. Of screened 165,882 passengers, three suspects were detected and all were reverse transcription?polymerase chain reaction negative. Passengers under?quarantine line?listing not available in paper?based PoE system, eight written complaints: 6/8 SRF filling inconvenience, 3/8 no SRF filling inflight announcements, and standing in long queues for their submission. Outside staff deployed 128/150 (85.3%), and staff: passenger ratio was 1:300. IDSP reported 59 COVID?19 confirmed cases against zero detected at PoE. It was simple, timely, flexible, and useful in providing information to IDSP but missed cases at PoE and had poor stability. We recommended dedicated workforce and data integration with IDSP.

Analysis of the main research directions in transfusion of the U. S.military based on ClinicalTrials.gov data / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the main development directions and research progress of blood transfusion in the U. S.military based on ClinicalTrials.gov. 【Methods】 The literature of clinical trials related to field transfusion medicine from 2002 to 2021 were retrieved based on www.clinicaltrials.gov with "United States Department of Defense" , "U.S.Army Medical Research and Development Command" and "United States Naval Medical Research Center" as the search terms, and the main characteristics were analyzed in terms of research progress, clinical stage, task allocation, regional distribution, research contents and results. 【Results】 A total of 931 clinical trials were retrieved, of which 16 were closely related to field blood transfusion medicine.Among them, pathogen reduction/inactivation of whole blood, platelet transfusion, plasma transfusion, whole blood transfusion and other types of researches accounted for 25% (4/16), 25% (4/16), 25% (4/16), 18.75 (3/16) and 6.25% (1/16), respectively.The U. S.military focused on the new technological breakthroughs in blood safety and blood storage, the evaluation of the countershock therapy, the application of whole blood early transfusion and the civil-military inosculation in research. 【Conclusion】 This study, based on ClinicalTrials.gov data, redounds to understand the research progress and current situation of the U. S.military field blood transfusion medicine.

Social distancing measures could have reduced estimated deaths related to COVID-19 in Brazil / Medidas de distanciamento social podem ter reduzido as mortes estimadas relacionadas à COVID-19 no Brasil

Social distancing was planned as a preventive measure to control the extensive spread of COVID-19. COVID-19-related deaths in Brazil were analyzed during the period of social distancing measures. Mortality data for COVID-19 was obtained from the Worldometer website (www.worldometer.info). Deaths were estimated up to the 31st day after the occurrence of the 5th COVID-19-related death in Brazil. Social distance was measured using Google's community mobility reports (https://www.google.com/covid19/mobility/). The Brazilian epidemic curves were interconnected, and mathematical models were evaluated to fit the mortality estimation curves. The optimistic model was defined in the opening period of social distancing and, therefore, in the lower mobility (40-60%). The realistic model was calculated according to relaxed social distance measures (<40%) and the pessimistic model was calculated based on the transmission rate between 2-3. Thus, the equations of the mathematical models provided the outcomes for the date of June 9, 2020, as follows: realistic model with 40,623 deaths, pessimistic model with 64,310 deaths and the optimistic model with a projection of 31,384 deaths. As a result of these analyzes, on May 24, 2020, there were a total of 22,965 deaths related to COVID-19, and those deaths included within the proposed mathematical models were 17,452 for the optimistic model, 22,623 for the realistic model and 32,825 for the pessimistic model. Thus, it is concluded that social distancing measures promoted by the Brazilian public managers contributes to the reduction in approximately ten thousand deaths related to COVID-19 in the current pandemic scenario.

INTRODUÇÃO: O distanciamento social foi planejado como uma medida preventiva para controlar a disseminação extensiva da COVID-19. Nós analisamos as mortes relacionadas à COVID-19 no Brasil durante o período de medidas de distanciamento social. Os dados de mortalidade do COVID-19 foram obtidos no site da Worldometer (www.worldometer.info). As mortes foram estimadas até o 31º dia após a 5ª morte. O distanciamento social foi medido por meio dos relatórios de mobilidade comunitária COVID-19; Google (https://www.google.com/covid19/mobility/). As curvas epidêmicas brasileiras foram interligadas e os modelos matemáticos foram avaliados para se ajustarem às curvas de estimativa de mortalidade. O modelo otimista foi fundado no período de abertura da distância social e, portanto, na menor mobilidade (40-60%). O modelo realista foi calculado de acordo com medidas de distanciamento social relaxado (<40%) e o modelo pessimista foi calculado com base em R0 entre 2-3. Sob essa situação, o modelo matemático realista estimou 40.623 mortes em 9 de junho de 2020, enquanto o modelo pessimista antecipou 64.310 mortes e o modelo otimista projetou 31.384. Até hoje (24 de maio de 2020), um total de 22.965 foram relatadas, enquanto nosso modelo projetou 17.452 para o modelo otimista, 22.623 para o modelo realista e 32.825 para o modelo pessimista. Observamos movimento reduzido ao longo deste período. Em resumo, o modelo matemático sugere que a mobilidade reduzida da comunidade diminuiu o total estimado de mortes relacionadas à COVID-19 no Brasil. Enfatizamos que mais procedimentos metodológicos serão necessários para confirmar esta teoria

Climate Variability and Change in Western U.S. Rangelands

We examine variability and change components of precipitation and minimum and maximum daily temperatures, and the derived variables potential evapotranspiration (PET) and the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), over rangelands in the region 30-50N, 100- 125W. We focus on areas administered by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), with a view toward understanding how future climate variations may affect ecosystems, and ultimately, grazing on these lands. Based on an analysis of the annual precipitation cycle we adopt a three-season partition for the year, classifying land areas by season of maximum precipitation; this yields a coherent subregional map. Masking with a combined BLM/BIA footprint, we find that in all subregions both tmin and tmax have increased in response to anthropogenic forcing, the rate being generally greater for tmax. Significant precipitation trends are not detected, whereas PET exhibits significant upward trends in all regions. While PET-normalized precipitation, as well as PDSI, do not exhibit significant trends individually (by variable and region), the fact that most trend downward nevertheless suggests a systematic drying. We conclude that temperature constitutes the principal detectable control on hydroclimatic changes in rangelands within the study area. Although ecosystem responses may be complex, future temperature increases are expected generally to reduce soil water availability. The unforced component of variability is investigated with respect to several key climate indices on both interannual and decadal time scales.

Targeting uptake transporters for cancer imaging and treatment

Cancer cells reprogram their gene expression to promote growth, survival, proliferation, and invasiveness. The unique expression of certain uptake transporters in cancers and their innate function to concentrate small molecular substrates in cells make them ideal targets for selective delivering imaging and therapeutic agents into cancer cells. In this review, we focus on several solute carrier (SLC) transporters known to be involved in transporting clinically used radiopharmaceutical agents into cancer cells, including the sodium/iodine symporter (NIS), norepinephrine transporter (NET), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). The molecular and functional characteristics of these transporters are reviewed with special emphasis on their specific expressions in cancers and interaction with imaging or theranostic agents [., I-123, I-131, I-iobenguane (mIBG), F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) and C pyruvate]. Current clinical applications and research areas of these transporters in cancer diagnosis and treatment are discussed. Finally, we offer our views on emerging opportunities and challenges in targeting transporters for cancer imaging and treatment. By analyzing the few clinically successful examples, we hope much interest can be garnered in cancer research towards uptake transporters and their potential applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Colorectal cancer in hispanics living near the U.S. - Mexico Border

Background The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the US has declined. The decreasing trend is observed in non-Hispanic Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics. However, close analysis of the trends demonstrates that the decline among Hispanics is less than other races/ethnicities. We investigate the burden of CRC in Hispanics living near the U.S.–Mexico border, a subpopulation of Hispanics composed primarily of individuals of Mexican origin. Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate and compare incidence rates of CRC in non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics living in counties along the U.S.–Mexico border. Methods Data from the National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute and State Cancer Profiles were analyzed to obtain CRC incidence rates (per 100,000 population) for persons ≥ 50 years of age residing in counties along the U.S.–Mexico border by race (non-Hispanic White and Hispanic) and gender from 2011 to 2015. Results Incidence rates of CRC in Hispanic men ≥ 50 years of age, living in counties along the U.S.–Mexico border, were higher than the national average for Hispanic men of similar age. In contrast, the incidence of CRC declined or remained stable in non-Hispanic Whites and women. Conclusions Our study unveils a significant disparity in CRC incidence among Hispanics living near the U.S.–Mexico border, disproportionally affecting men ≥ 50 years of age. Socioeconomic and cultural/lifestyle factors are likely contributing to these disparities.

Comparative Study of Ultrasound Therapy and Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) Therapy in Cases of Tennis Elbow

Background: Tennis elbow is a syndrome of insidious onset with tenderness, pain in movement and decline in grip strength. Pulsed Electromagnetic Therapy (PEMF) and ultrasonic therapies (U.S. therapies) are proving adjuncts for enhancing fracture healing, reducing inflammation and symptom relief to varied extent in different reports. The benefit of two therapy regimens in tennis elbow is comparatively evaluated in patient of our region. Methods: 60 patients sequentially enrolled following informed consent were administered either PEMF or ultrasound therapy daily for 6 weeks. Parameters examined were pain score, pressure pain threshold (PPT) and pain free grip strength (PFGS). . Results: It was found that either of the therapies PEMF and U.S.therapy significantly improved the three tested parameters. The relative improvement in pain score between two treatment groups did not significantly differ. PEMF give significantly higher gain in PPT and very marked gain in PFGS as compared to U.S. therapy. Conclusion: PEMF therapy was found to yield significantly superior relief than ultrasound therapy in patient of lateral epicondylitis with respect to pain, pressure pain threshold (PPT) and pain free grip strength (PFGS). Improvement in pain score was similar in two groups.

Experiences of Blood Bank Performance in Brian Allgood Army Community Hospital / 대한수혈학회지

Brian Allgood Army Community Hospital (BAACH) is one of the US military General Hospitals in Korea that have blood services. The author of this paper is a civilian employee who has been working in the blood bank for 37 years. Through this experience, a difference between BAACH and the Korean Medical Center has been observed. First, BAACH performs a blood culture for the sterility test upon the receipt of platelets from the Korean Red Cross, and measures the pH at the end of allowable storage. Second, some military facilities use the Frozen Blood Program as the storage/thawing system of Deglycerolized Red Blood Cells (DRBC) and the use of DRBC. Third, most military facilities have a continuous training education program for those working in the blood bank provided by the Armed Service Blood Program.

Research progress in hemorrhage control products of U.S.army / 中华创伤杂志

From Vietnam War to Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom,hemorrhage remains the leading cause of combat death.The U.S.army has made great strides in research and development of hemorrhage control products and various tourniquets and hemostatic dressings have been fielded on the battlefield.This paper introduces current status of hemostatic products and hemorrhage control products.Currently,there are extremity tourniquets and junctional tourniquets.The hemostatic products include HemCon bandages,QuciClot granular and gauze,Celox gauze,XStat,etc.Meanwhile,the author summarizes three development trends of US military hemostatic products,ie,prehospital application of tourniquets,emphasis on hemorrhage control in junctional regions,and gauze hemostatic adjuncts preference.This review offers materials for fully understanding war wound treatment of U.S.army.

Overviews and analysis of the U.S. FDA′s new approvals in the 2016 second half year / 国际药学研究杂志

In the second half of 2016,the U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA)approved 7 new molecular entities and 3 new Biologic License Application(BLA), the lowest number in recent years. According to the prescription information for profes-sionals,this article introduced the description,mechanism of action and clinical studies and briefly describes the boxed warning,indi-cations and usage,dosage and administration,dosage form and strength,contraindications,warning and precautions,adverse reac-tions,drug interaction and the use in the special population. In addition,the first and critical events in the history of new drug develop-ment and reaserch were emphasized.

Analysis of FDA's Review for NDA208542-Rociletinib / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Lung cancer is the highest mortality rate of malignancies in the world.Among them,non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85％.Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is one of the most common driving genes in NSCLC.The EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) bring a breakthrough in the treatment for patients with EGFR gene-sensitive mutations.However,the drug resistance problem of EGFR-TKIs has been increasingly highlighted.So a drug for the patients accompanied by EGFR T790M positive mutation and along with progression in or after treatment with EGFR-TKI NSCLC is clinically urgent needed.Rociletinib is designed to address this unmet clinical need.While considering the non-superior effectiveness to the similar drugs in the market and the high risk of safety (hyperglycemia,QT prolongation and sudden death) of Rociletinib,the dosage was not accepted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).And Rociletinib did not make it to the market eventually.This paper discussed lessons learned from this case under review perspective for reference and inspiration.

Analysis of mild traumatic brain injury care in the U.S Armed Forces / 军事医学

During the recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan,traumatic brain injury (TBI)has become the most prev-alent military injury that is described as the signature injuryof the current military operations.It usually causes no or mild external injury but results in serious long-lasting neuropsychiatric abnormalities,which have far-reaching impact on veterans,their families and the American society.Here we describeol the investment in TBI from the US government and the development in the diagnosis and treatment of mild TBI on the battlefield before putting forward some proposals for the Chinese army.

Association between Alcohol Drinking and the Ratio of Aspartate Aminotransferase to Alanine Aminotransferase in Korean Adult Male

BACKGROUND: The aspartate transaminase (AST)/alanine transferase (ALT) ratio increases with alcohol consumption. This study investigated AST/ALT ratio according to alcohol drinking and predictive power of AST/ALT ratio for heavy drinking in Korean men. METHODS: In 2015, 830 men with no history of disease or medication affecting liver function values were selected. Using 14 g of alcohol as the standard glass, odd ratios (ORs) of AST/ALT ratio over 1 among the drinking group were compared with the non-drinking group by multiple logistic analyses. Screening of heavy drinkers was conducted according to both NIAAA and Korean guidelines. Using AST/ALT ratio >1, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, negative predictive values, positive likelihood ratios, negative likelihood ratios and odds ratios were investigated. RESULTS: After correcting for age, body mass index, exercising, and smoking history, ORs (95% confidence interval) of AST/ALT >1 were 1.607 (1.048-2.464) in 14 glasses group. When AST/ALT >1 in the drinking group, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, negative predictive values, likelihood ratios (LR)+, LR- and OR according to NIAAA guidelines, were 57.2%, 52.7%, 23.2%, 76.8%, 1.21 (1.04-1.41), 0.81 (0.67-0.98), and 1.49 (1.05-2.01), respectively. By Korean guidelines, these values were 55.2%, 55.3%, 33.7%, 66.3%, 1.24 (1.03-1.36), 0.84 (0.72-0.98), and 1.40 (1.04-1.89), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Healthy male adults showed a positive correlation between risk of AST/ALT >1 and drinking amount compared to the non-drinking group. Use of the AST/ALT >1 in combination with other blood markers to predict excessive drinking is advisable.

Historical Origins of the Tuskegee Experiment: The Dilemma of Public Health in the United States / 의사학

The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male was an observational study on African-American males in Tuskegee, Alabama between 1932 and 1972. The U. S. Public Health Service ran this study on more than 300 people without notifying the participants about their disease nor treating them even after the introduction of penicillin. The study included recording the progress of disease and performing an autopsy on the deaths. This paper explores historical backgrounds enabled this infamous study, and discusses three driving forces behind the Tuskegee Study. First, it is important to understand that the Public Health Service was established in the U. S. Surgeon General's office and was operated as a military organization. Amidst the development of an imperial agenda of the U.S. in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the PHS was responsible for protecting hygiene and the superiority of “the American race” against infectious foreign elements from the borders. The U.S. Army's experience of medical experiments in colonies and abroad was imported back to the country and formed a crucial part of the attitude and philosophy on public health. Secondly, the growing influence of eugenics and racial pathology at the time reinforced discriminative views on minorities. Progressivism was realized in the form of domestic reform and imperial pursuit at the same time. Major medical journals argued that blacks were inclined to have certain defects, especially sexually transmitted diseases like syphilis, because of their prodigal behavior and lack of hygiene. This kind of racial ideas were shared by the PHS officials who were in charge of the Tuskegee Study. Lastly, the PHS officials believed in continuing the experiment regardless of various social changes. They considered that black participants were not only poor but also ignorant of and even unwilling to undergo the treatment. When the exposure of the experiment led to the Senate investigation in 1973, the participating doctors of the PHS maintained that their study offered valuable contribution to the medical research. This paper argues that the combination of the efficiency of military medicine, progressive and imperial racial ideology, and discrimination on African-Americans resulted in the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment.

Assessment of the Abbreviated National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ 9) in blepharoptosis and dermatochalasis / Avaliação do Questionário Abreviado de Função Visual do National Eye Institute (NEI VFQ 9) em blefaroptose e dermatocálase

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the Abbreviated National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ 9), which is shorter than those previously published, as a tool for assessing vision-related quality of life in patients with ptosis and dermatochalasis. Methods: This is a cohort study of 46 patients who underwent blepharoptosis and/or upper eyelid blepharoplasty surgery by a single surgeon (CN) in 2013 in a public, academic, ambulatory care referral center. Patients included 29 who underwent blepharoplasty, 11 who underwent ptosis surgery, and 6 who underwent combined surgery. The NEI-VFQ 9 was administered pre- and postoperatively, and the composite scores were compared using Student's t-test. Survey duration was timed in a subset of patients. The hypothesis was that the NEI VFQ 9 could detect a statistically significant improvement in composite score after surgical intervention. Results: The mean pre- and postoperative NEI VFQ 9 composite scores were 74.9 and 86.8, respectively, in the blepharoplasty-only group (P<0.0001), 72.07 and 86.41, respectively, in the ptosis-only group (P=0.004), and 75.8 and 87.2, respectively, in the combined group (P=0.022). There was no correlation between the gain in composite score and the change in upper eyelid margin to reflex distance. Twenty-five patients were timed filling out the survey, and the mean was 2.3 min. Conclusions: The NEI VFQ 9 consistently demonstrates a significant increase in visual function for blepharoptosis and dermatochalasis patients. Thus, it may be a useful tool for assessing vision-related quality of life in patients with ptosis and dermatochalasis.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o Questionário Abreviado de Função Visual do National Eye Institute (NEI VFQ 9) como uma ferramenta para avaliar a visão relacionada com a qualidade de vida (QoL) em pacientes com blefaroptose e dermatocálase. Método: Estudo de coorte de blefaroptose e dermatocálase pacientes tratados por um único cirurgião (CN) em 2013. O acompanhamento foi de 2-3 meses. Pacientes em um centro de referência acadêmico para a atenção pública ambulatorial com ptose funcional e/ou dermatocálase de pálpebra superior foram avaliados prospectivamente utilizando o NEI-VFQ 9. Quarenta e seis pacientes completaram o estudo: 29 pacientes se submeteram somente à blefaroplastia, 11 apenas à cirurgia de ptose, e 6 pacientes à cirurgia combinada. Foram excluídos pacientes com outra cirurgia simultânea da pálpebra. O teste foi repetido em uma visita pós-operatória. A duração teste foi cronometrada em um subgrupo de pacientes. Escores compostos pré e pós-operatórios foram comparados com o teste T de Student. O desfecho principal foi a pontuação composta. Os autores propõem que a NEI VFQ 9 seria capaz de detectar uma melhora estatisticamente significativa na pontuação composta após a intervenção cirúrgica. Resultados: No grupo de blefaroplastia apenas, o NEI VFQ 9 apresentou a média composta de 74,9 e 86,8 no pré e pós-operatório, respectivamente (p<0,0001). Para os pacientes submetidos apenas à cirurgia de ptose, a pontuação média composta foi 72,07 e 86,41, no pré e pós-operatório, respectivamente (p=0,004). No grupo de cirurgias combinadas combinação, a pontuação composta média pré-operatória foi de 75,8, e a pós-operatória foi de 87,2 (p=0,022). Não houve correlação entre o ganho de pontuação composta e a mudança no MRD1. Vinte e cinco pacientes foram cronometrados ao preencher o teste, a média foi de 2,3 minutos. Conclusões: O NEI VFQ 9 demonstra consistentemente um aumento na função visual para pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de blefaroptose e dermatocálase, sendo um instrumento de pesquisa mais curto do que daqueles publicados anteriormente.

Equipment allocation analysis of the U.S.Army Medical Company / 军事医学

The modular,net-enabled,full-dimensional protective and highly mobile equipment of the U.S.Army medi-cal company is systematically analyzed.The roles and performance of essential equipment are outlined, and some sugges-tions are raised, providing reference for the PLA medical equipment construction.

New drugs approved by the U.S. FDA(2007-2016):a review / 国际药学研究杂志

The introductions of the new drugs approved by the U.S. FDA have been published in the“Journal of International Pharmaceutical Research”for ten years. However,new problems might emerge with the increasing clinical practice and the cumulative number of patients being treated,such as the indications and purposes change,supplement of the modified efficacy,clinical data and the important new indications,constant improvement of the dosage,form and mode of administration,and the emergence of new,seri?ous and even fatal adverse reactions urge the supplements of contraindications,warnings and precautions,or even the black box warn?ings. In brief,6 entries of the introductions all may be modified,supplemented or canceled. More importantly,ten years of general analyses also find some prominent events,such as the amount of new molecular entity(NME)and new biological products come to an obvious peak in 2015. With regard to this,this paper reviewed the prominent historical events happened in the ten years in order to provide guidance and reference for new drug research and development.

Overviews and analysis of the U.S. FDA′s new approvals in the 2015 second half year / 国际药学研究杂志

In the second half year of 2015, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA)approved 20 new molecular enti-ties single or compounds and 15 biologics license applications, a total of 35 which record number of approved innovative drugs. Ac-cording to the prescription information for professionals, this article briefly describes the description, mechanism of action and clinical studies, the box warning, indications and usage, dosage and administration, dosage form and strength, contraindications, warning and precautions, adverse reactions, drug interaction and use in special population of these new drugs. In addition, the first and criti-cal events in the history of new drug development and reaserch are emphasized.