A STUDY OF THE CLINICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, CYTOLOGICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION OF SOLITARY THYROID NODULE

Background: Solitary thyroid lesions are a common presentation in the surgical OPD. The signi?cance of solitary nodule is its malignant potential. Thyroid nodule is an elusive clinical problem. Surgeons and Physicians are often required to make a diagnostic or management decision in its treatment. To study the Aim and Objectives: correlation between Clinical, Radiological, Cytological and Histopathological ?nding in patients who presented with “solitary thyroid nodule”. A prospective observational study, Ramakrishna Mission Materials and Methods:Study design: Study area: Seva Pratishthan Hospital, Kolkata, July 2019 to June 2022(3 years), 40 patients, Inclusion criteria: Study period: Sample size: Patients presenting with solitary thyroid nodule, Patients with multinodular goitre, patients with carcinoma Exclusion criteria: thyroid with distant metastasis, paediatric patients and those unwilling. Thorough history, clinical examination, Methodology: investigation (FNAC/USG/Isotope Scan, TSH), appropriate surgical intervention and HPE of excised specimen was done. Results: In our study of 40 cases, 28(70.0%) were colloid goiter, 7(17.5%) were papillary carcinoma, 2(5%) were follicular adenoma, 1(2.5%) was follicular carcinoma, 1(2.5%) was adenomatoid hyperplasia and 1(2.5%) was Hashimoto thyroiditis. 28(70%) cases underwent hemithyroidectomy, 11(27.5%) underwent total thyroidectomy and 1(2.5%) underwent hemithyroidectomy followed by revision total thyroidectomy. 2 cases of papillary carcinoma with enlarged neck nodes underwent total thyroidectomy with neck node dissection. Solitary nodule is most common in woman and in third Conclusion: and fourth decade of life, more common in the right lobe. USG and FNAC are common modalities of investigations with high speci?city and sensitivity. Isotope scan is only indicated to con?rm the toxic nodule. Malignancy reported in my study was 20%. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment will cure the disease since carcinoma thyroid is more curable amongst all cancers.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in general paediatric population - associated factors and screening by Ultrasonography

Background: Ultrasonography(USG) is an easily available and non-invasive method for screening the general paediatric population for prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the Paediatric Out Patient Department on 100 randomly selected children of school going age group (5-15 years). A detailed history regarding diet and lifestyle, anthropometric measurements of the children like height, weight , BMI and waist ' hip ratio and blood pressure was correlated with USG of general paediatric population.Results: There were 4 cases of NAFLD of which one case was of normal weight. The study shows that the mean weight of normal population was 33.36 kgs. while the mean weight of children with fatty liver was 56.38 kgs. The mean value of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in normal population is 98.46 mmHg and 57.48 mmHg respectively while in that of children with NAFLD, it was 119.00 mmHg and 78.50 mmHg respectively. Among the dietary factors, increased intake of non-veg food, fast food, soft drinks and decreased intake of eggs and fish food is seen in children with NAFLD. Children with decreased physical activity also showed to have increased NAFLD.Conclusions: As NAFLD is seen even in children with normal weight, all children of general pediatric population can be screened for NAFLD by an easily available and non-invasive method like USG for an early intervention to prevent morbidity associated with NAFLD.

Ultrasonography (USG) and multi-detector computerized tomography (MDCT) evaluation of thyroid swellings

Background: Thyroid ultrasound has undergone a dramatic transformation from the cryptic deflections on an oscilloscope produced in A-mode scanning, to barely recognizable B-mode images, followed by initial low resolution gray scale, and now modern high resolution images. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic role of ultrasonography (USG) and multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) in thyroid swellings, compare the ultrasonographic findings with multi-detector computed tomographic findings and to correlate the radiological findings with histopathological examination (HPE). Materials and methods: The present study was carried out in the Department of Radiology, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally. In this study, 50 patients with thyroid gland swellings diagnosed clinically, referred to Radiology Department were selected during the period from October 2008 to September 2010. Histopathological examination was acquired in 35 cases. The study was carried out to observe the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of USG and MDCT in thyroid gland swellings. Results: Maximum number of patients belonged to the age group of 21-40 years that was 27 cases (54.00%) and maximum number of patients were females – 41 cases (82.00%). Most common diagnosis was multi-nodular goitre on USG-16 cases (32.00%) and MDCT- 14 cases (28.00%), solitary thyroid nodule is common in the right lobe of thyroid by USG -5 cases (62.50%) and MDCT5 cases (62.50%). Most common malignancy was papillary carcinoma of thyroid -5 cases (62.50%) and most common inflammatory disorder was hashimoto’s thyroiditis -5 cases (10.00%). Naveen Kumar S, Vidyadhara Rani P. Ultrasonography (USG) and multi-detector computerized tomography (MDCT) evaluation of thyroid swellings. IAIM, 2017; 4(9): 145-155. Page 146 Conclusion: The present study has concluded that USG is the fast and cost-effective modality of imaging investigation of choice in thyroid diseases and for differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. MDCT is superior to ultrasound in evaluating retrosternal extension, relations and infiltrations in large lesions. It is also very helpful in evaluating extra-capsular, mediastinal, vascular invasion, lymph nodal involvement and metastasis. MDCT is very crucial in preoperative planning in malignancies of thyroid and large benign lesions.

A rare extra scrotal spermatocele: a rare case presentation.

Right Inguinal region pain is a common complaint evaluated in surgical department. The number of differential diagnoses is lowered when the pain in a male patient is associated with a palpable tender mass. These diagnoses include inguinal hernia, inflamed inguinal lymph node, rectus sheath hematoma, cryptorchidism, mass derived from the spermatic cord, and polyorchidism. Right Inguinal region mass and pain caused by a spermatocele are unusual. Here we report a case of extra scrotal spermatocele causing right Inguinal region swelling and pain. To our knowledge this is a second reported case.

Sensibilidade do método ultrassonográfico no diagnóstico da apendicite / Sensitivity of ultrassonografic method for the diagnosis of appendicitis

Introdução: o diagnóstico pré-operatório da apendicite aguda foi significativamente alterado devido ao advento da tecnologia de imagem. A ultrassonografia (USG) surgiu como um método de boa sensibilidade, e de fácil acesso, tendo contribuído de forma decisiva para o diagnóstico da afecção aqui estudada. Objetivo: verificar a sensibilidade da USG no diagnóstico das apendicites dos pacientes atendidos no HRAV ? Hospital Regional do Alto Vale. Método: de abril de 2009 a abril de 2010 foram avaliados os pacientes com dor abdominal nos quais a apendicite se apresentava como a principal hipótese diagnóstica. Foram incluídos na pesquisa os pacientes com dor abdominal atendidos no pronto socorro do HRAV, que se submeteram ao USG de abdome e que posteriormente foram operados. Quando o resultado da USG era positivo estava indicada a laparotomia. Nos casos em que o resultado do exame de USG era negativo, mas que ao exame físico houvesse sinais de irritação peritoneal, também se procedia à abordagem cirúrgica. Após a apendicectomia, os apêndices foram encaminhados ao anatomopatológico para confirmação da real patologia que levou à cirurgia e assim constatando a sensibilidade do método de imagem. Resultados: foram abordados 121 pacientes que contemplavam os critérios de inclusão para suspeita de apendicite. Evidenciou-se 83,5% de sensibilidade do método ultrassonográfico. Conclusão: a sensibilidade da USG realizada no HRAV no diagnóstico das apendicites, comparável aos resultados encontrados na literatura, foi relevante. Justifica-se assim, a utilização deste método como auxiliar na abordagem dos pacientes suspeitos.

Introduction: the pre-operative diagnosis of acute appendicitis was significantly altered due to the advent of image technology. The ultrasonography (USG) emerged as a sensitive and easily accessible method, having decisively contributed to the diagnosis of this affection. Objective: to verify the accuracy of USG in diagnosing appendicitis in patients treated at the HRAV ? Hospital Regional do Alto Vale. Method: from April 2009 to April 2010, patients with abdominal pain in whom appendicitis was shown as the primary diagnostic hypothesis were evaluated. Patients with abdominal pain treated at the HRAV?s emergency room, who subjected themselves to abdominal USG and were later operated, were included in this research. When USG was positive, laparotomy was indicated. In cases where the USG test result was negative, but physical examination showed peritoneal irritation, a surgical approach was also indicated. After the appendectomy, the appendixes were taken to anatomopathological analysis to confirm the real pathology that led to surgery, consequently proving the sensitivity of the image method. Findings: 121 patients who met the inclusion criteria for suspicion of appendicitis were approached. It was certified 83,5% of sensitivity in the ultrasonographic method. Conclusion: the sensitivity of the USG in diagnosing appendicitis at the HRAV, compared to results found in literature, was significant. Thus,the utilization of this method as auxiliary in approaching suspected patients is justified.

1 year follow-up results of prenatally diagnosed unilateral hydronephrosis according to renal sonographic findings at 1 month of age / 소아과

PURPOSE: The natural courses of prenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis(HN) are diverse. Our purpose was to determine if the findings of renal ultrasonography(USG) in patients with prenatal HN at 1 month of age can predict the 1 year follow-up results and determine the guideline of follow-up study. METHODS: Among 462 hydronephrotic patients registered between 1996 and 2004, 153 unilateral hydronephrotic renal units were enrolled in this study, bilateral HN, vesicoureteral reflux and other associated anomaly were excluded. These were classified into four groups respectively, according to anterior posterior pelvic diameter(APPD) or Society for Fetal Urology(SFU) grading by USG findings at 1 month after birth. Renal USG and Tc(99m)-mercaptoacetyl triglycerine(MAG3) scan were done according to a set protocol. RESULTS: Most cases improved or remained stationary. No one underwent an operation SFU grade 1,2 groups and only one case of SFU grade 3 group was operated. Thirty two cases(64 percent) were operated on among the 50 cases of SFU grade 4 group. 0/2(0 percent), 5/11(45.5 percent), 11/17(64.7 percent) and 16/20(80 percent) were operated on in each group with APPD 30 mm, and the operation risk is higher as the APPD is increased. CONCLUSION: In group with SFU grade below 3 and APPD below 10 mm, we can delay the follow-up study beyond existing set protocol. Operations are recommended immediately if diuretic renogram show the obstructive pattern or decreased renal function in SFU grade 4 group with APPD over 10 mm.