RESUMO
Background: Unhealthy cervix is a very common finding in our country due to poor genital hygiene, malnutrition and multiparity. The cervix is the commonest site for female genital cancer. Gynaecologists who work in tertiary care institutes in the developing countries to get referrals from practitioners and peripheral health centres for patients with a clinical diagnosis of an “unhealthy cervix. An “unhealthy cervix” or grossly abnormal cervix can harbour premalignant cervical lesions or invasive carcinoma. That’s why present study was planned to evaluate colposcopy role in relation to PAP smear in symptomatic patients.Methods: The present study was a prospective, analytical study. After institutional committee approval this study was conducted from January 2021 to January 2022 in department of obstetrics and gynecology at RNT Medical college, Udaipur. Total 140 women were assessed for this study.Results: Our study results based on combined cytology and colposcopy with histopathology- sensitivity =100%, specificity =87.03%, PPV=84.09%, NPV=100%, accuracy =92.30%. The result of current study supports that, PAP smear demonstrates premalignant and malignant lesions, whereas colposcopy shows the exact site for biopsy for histopathological diagnosis and for further management.Conclusions: Colposcopy and cytology are complementary to each other. Best result in early detection of pre-invasive carcinomas could be obtained by combined use of cytology, colposcopy and colposcopy guided biopsy. So, use of ‘single visit approach’ in which cytology, colposcopy and guided biopsy all are done in one setting and treated accordingly in resource poor countries will enable maximum utilization of scarce medical resources.
RESUMO
Background: Unhealthy cervix is a very common finding in our country due to poor genital hygiene, malnutrition and multiparity. The cervix is the commonest site for female genital cancer. Gynaecologists who work in tertiary care institutes in the developing countries to get referrals from practitioners and peripheral health centres for patients with a clinical diagnosis of an “unhealthy cervix. An “unhealthy cervix” or grossly abnormal cervix can harbour premalignant cervical lesions or invasive carcinoma. That’s why present study was planned to evaluate colposcopy role in relation to PAP smear in symptomatic patients.Methods: The present study was a prospective, analytical study. After institutional committee approval this study was conducted from January 2021 to January 2022 in department of obstetrics and gynecology at RNT Medical college, Udaipur. Total 140 women were assessed for this study.Results: Our study results based on combined cytology and colposcopy with histopathology- sensitivity =100%, specificity =87.03%, PPV=84.09%, NPV=100%, accuracy =92.30%. The result of current study supports that, PAP smear demonstrates premalignant and malignant lesions, whereas colposcopy shows the exact site for biopsy for histopathological diagnosis and for further management.Conclusions: Colposcopy and cytology are complementary to each other. Best result in early detection of pre-invasive carcinomas could be obtained by combined use of cytology, colposcopy and colposcopy guided biopsy. So, use of ‘single visit approach’ in which cytology, colposcopy and guided biopsy all are done in one setting and treated accordingly in resource poor countries will enable maximum utilization of scarce medical resources.
RESUMO
Background: Cervical Cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide approximately 80% of which occurred in developing countries. Out of all cervical cancer cases seen in the world, only 14% are in the developed countries, while about 86% occurs in the developing countries. The Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer in Indian women. Cervical cancer is usually preceded by a long phase of cytological changes, known as cervical intraepithelial neoplastic (CIN) and takes a long period of 15-20 years before the invasive cancer develops". Thus cervical cancer can be prevented if cellular changes are detected and treated in early stage. World Health organization considers cervical cancer as a preventable disease. This is because it can be diagnosed in its precancerous phase. So we have done study to study efficacy of pap smear and colposcopy. Comparative study of PAP smear and colposcopy with cervical biopsy in women with symptomatic/ unhealthy cervix.Methods: All the high risk women of reproductive, perimenopausal and postmenopausal age group who presented with unhealthy cervix on naked eye examination, abnormal vaginal discharge, post coital bleeding, intermenstrual spotting/bleeding, cervix that bleeds on touch and abnormal uterine bleeding. An informed consent was obtained before performing Pap's smear and colposcopy. In case there was abnormal cytology report, the patient's cervical biopsy was done.Results: The sensitivity of Pap smear is 50%, specificity is 86.6%, positive predictive value (PPV) 37.8%, and negative predictive value is 91.4%. The sensitivity of coloposcopy smear is 96.4, specificity is 39.53 and positive predictive value (PPV) 20.61%, negative predictive value is 98.55%.Conclusions: Colposcopy is definitely more sensitive and accurate than pap smear. By combining Pap smear with colposcopy, we can maximize the sensitivity and specificity of cancer cervix screening.
RESUMO
Cancer of cervix ranks as the third common malignancy in females worldwide. In developing countries like India, carcinoma cervix is the second commonest malignancy affecting females. India accounts for 18% of the global burden of carcinoma cervix. To address the above problem a literature review was done using search engines like PubMed, Google scholar etc to evaluate the unhealthy cervix by comparison of Pap smear and colposcopy guided biopsy.
RESUMO
Background: Cancer of cervix is the third most common cancer in women in India accounting for 21.7% of cancer deaths among women. Unhealthy cervix, characterized by presence of any abnormal growth, ulcer, or vasculature, is a clinically detectable early stage in the life history of cervical cancer. Very few studies have been conducted to determine risk factors of unhealthy cervix. Methods: A clinic-based cross-sectional study was conducted among currently married women of reproductive age group attending Urban Health Unit and Training Centre, Chetla, Kolkata. A total of 189 women attending the clinic was selected using systematic random sampling method was who were interviewed and examined using pre-designed pre-tested schedule. Analysis was done using (SPSS version 16). Results: Among 189 women, 45.5% were diagnosed with unhealthy cervix. Hierarchical logistic regression showed that educational status, PCI, frequency of cleaning external genitalia and extramarital relationship of the spouse were significantly associated with unhealthy cervical condition. Conclusions: Most of the risk factors of unhealthy cervix are behavioral and modifiable. Health education and behaviour change communication of women of reproductive age group would help in reducing their morbidity as well as mortality from cervix related conditions that includes cervical cancer.