The analysis of urolithiasis incidence in the contralateral kidney of unilateral nephrectomy patients / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To analyze the incidence of urinary stone formation in the contralateral kidney of unilateral nephrectomy patients.Methods 1048 patients,including 596 males and 452 females,underwent unilateral nephrectomy from June 2010 to June 2016.Their age ranged from 16-87 years old (mean 58.7 years old).532 patients combined with components of metabolic syndrome and 213 patients with metabolic syndrome.164 patients had a previous history of urolithiasis.The incidence of urinary stone formation in the contralateral kidney after nephrectomy was recorded and analyzed.The urolithiasis incidences in different gender,age,comorbidity and history of urolithiasis patients after uninephrectomy were compared.Results All patients were followed up within 0.5 to 6 years (mean 3.2 years).89 patients suffered from urinary stones in the contralateral kidney after uninephrectomy.The incidence of urinary stone formation in the contralateral kidney was 8.5％ (89/1048),which was higher than that in general population of China.1％-5％.The urolithiasis incidence was 9.1％ (54/596)in male patients and 7.7％ (35/452)in female patients after nephrectomy.The incidence of urinary stone formation was 8.6％ (3/35)in patients aged under 30 years old,12.5％ (34/272) in patients aged 30-49 years old,7.3％ (37/504) in patients aged 50-69 years old,6.3％ (15/237)in patients aged 70 and over.The incidence of urinary stone formation was 12.2％ (65/532) in patients with components of metabolic syndrome after nephrectomy and 19.7％ (42/213) in patients with metabolic syndrome,while the incidence was 4.7％ (24/516)in patients without components of metabolic syndrome.In patients with history of urolithiasis,the incidence was up to 30.5％ (50/164) after nephrectomy,while 4.4％ (39/884)in patients without history of urolithiasis.Conclusions The incidence of urinary stone formation in the contralateral kidney of uninephrectomy patients was higher,especially in patients with metabolic syndrome or urolithiasis history.Patients after unilateral nephrectomy are more vulnerable to urolithiasis.

The analysis of urolithiasis incidence in the contralateral kidney of unilateral nephrectomy patients / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To analyze the incidence of urinary stone formation in the contralateral kidney of unilateral nephrectomy patients.Methods 1048 patients,including 596 males and 452 females,underwent unilateral nephrectomy from June 2010 to June 2016.Their age ranged from 16-87 years old (mean 58.7 years old).532 patients combined with components of metabolic syndrome and 213 patients with metabolic syndrome.164 patients had a previous history of urolithiasis.The incidence of urinary stone formation in the contralateral kidney after nephrectomy was recorded and analyzed.The urolithiasis incidences in different gender,age,comorbidity and history of urolithiasis patients after uninephrectomy were compared.Results All patients were followed up within 0.5 to 6 years (mean 3.2 years).89 patients suffered from urinary stones in the contralateral kidney after uninephrectomy.The incidence of urinary stone formation in the contralateral kidney was 8.5％ (89/1048),which was higher than that in general population of China.1％-5％.The urolithiasis incidence was 9.1％ (54/596)in male patients and 7.7％ (35/452)in female patients after nephrectomy.The incidence of urinary stone formation was 8.6％ (3/35)in patients aged under 30 years old,12.5％ (34/272) in patients aged 30-49 years old,7.3％ (37/504) in patients aged 50-69 years old,6.3％ (15/237)in patients aged 70 and over.The incidence of urinary stone formation was 12.2％ (65/532) in patients with components of metabolic syndrome after nephrectomy and 19.7％ (42/213) in patients with metabolic syndrome,while the incidence was 4.7％ (24/516)in patients without components of metabolic syndrome.In patients with history of urolithiasis,the incidence was up to 30.5％ (50/164) after nephrectomy,while 4.4％ (39/884)in patients without history of urolithiasis.Conclusions The incidence of urinary stone formation in the contralateral kidney of uninephrectomy patients was higher,especially in patients with metabolic syndrome or urolithiasis history.Patients after unilateral nephrectomy are more vulnerable to urolithiasis.

The role of oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of oxidative stress in an experimental model of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Materials and methods Wistar, adult, male rats were used in the study. Animals were divided in the following groups: Citrate (control, citrate buffer 0.01M, pH 4.2 was administrated intravenously - i.v - in the caudal vein), Uninephrectomy+Citrate (left uninephrectomy-20 days before the study), DM (streptozotocin, 65 mg/kg, i.v, on the 20th day of the study), Uninephrectomy+DM. Physiological parameters (water and food intake, body weight, blood glucose, kidney weight, and relative kidney weight); renal function (creatinine clearance), urine albumin (immunodiffusion method); oxidative metabolites (urinary peroxides, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and thiols in renal tissue), and kidney histology were evaluated. Results Polyphagia, polydipsia, hyperglycemia, and reduced body weight were observed in diabetic rats. Renal function was reduced in diabetic groups (creatinine clearance, p < 0.05). Uninephrectomy potentiated urine albumin and increased kidney weight and relative kidney weight in diabetic animals (p < 0.05). Urinary peroxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were increased, and the reduction in thiol levels demonstrated endogenous substrate consumption in diabetic groups (p < 0.05). The histological analysis revealed moderate lesions of diabetic nephropathy. Conclusion This study confirms lipid peroxidation and intense consumption of the antioxidant defense system in diabetic rats. The association of hyperglycemia and uninephrectomy resulted in additional renal injury, demonstrating that the model is adequate for the study of diabetic nephropathy.

Sexual hormones modulate compensatory renal growth and function / Las hormonas sexuales modulan el crecimiento renal compensador (CRC) y la función renal en la uninefrectomía (uNx)

The role played by sexual hormones and vasoactive substances in the compensatory renal growth (CRG) that follows uninephrectomy (uNx) is still controversial. Intact and gonadectomized adult Wistar rats of both sexes, with and without uNx, performed at 90 days age, were studied at age 150 days. Daily urine volume, electrolyte excretion and kallikrein activity (UKa) were determined. Afterwards, glomerular filtration rate and blood pressure were measured, the kidneys weighed and DNA, protein and RNA studied to determine nuclei content and cell size. When the remnant kidney weight at age 150 days was compared with the weight of the kidney removed at the time of uNx, male uNx rats showed the greatest CRG (50%) while growth in the other uNx groups was 25%, 15% and 19% in orchidectomized, female and ovariectomized rats, respectively. The small CRG observed in the uNx female rats was accompanied by the lowest glomerular filtration value, 0.56 ± 0.02 ml/min/g kwt compared, with the other uNx groups, p < 0.05. Cell size (protein or RNA/DNA) was similar for all the groups except for uNx orchidectomized rats. In this group the cytoplasmatic protein or RNA content was lower than in the other groups while DNA (nuclei content) was similar. Some degree of hyperplasia was determined by DNA content in the uNx groups. Male sexual hormones positively influenced CRG and its absence modulated cell size. Female sexual hormones, instead, did not appear to stimulate CRG. The kallikrein kinin system may not be involved in CRG.

La importancia que pueden tener las hormonas sexuales y sustancias vasoactivas sobre el crecimiento renal compensador (CRC) que sigue a la uninefrectomía es aún materia de debate. Se estudiaron ratas Wistar de ambos sexos, a los 150 días de vida, intactas y gonadectomizadas con y sin uNx, realizada a los 90 días de vida. Se midió volumen urinario diario y excreción de electrolitos y actividad de kalikreína urinaria. Se midió filtrado glomerular y presión arterial media extrayéndose luego los riñones que fueron pesados y preparados para estudios histológicos y determinación de ADN, ARN y proteínas para estimar contenido nuclear y tamaño celular. El CRC fue calculado comparando el peso del riñón al momento de las uNx (90 dias de vida) con aquel obtenido a los 150 días de vida. En las ratas macho uNx se observó el mayor CRC (50%) mientras que, en los otros grupos uNx solo alcanzó un 25%, 15% y 19%. El filtrado glomerular acompañó los cambios morfológicos observándose el menor filtrado en las ratas hembras uNx respecto al resto de los grupos 0.56 ± 0.02, p < 0.05. El tamaño celular (proteína o ARN/ ADN) fue similar para todos los grupos excepto para los orquidectomizados uNx, cuyo contenido citoplasmático fue menor. El contenido nuclear (ADN) fue semejante en todos los grupos. Se observó que el CRC está influenciado positivamente por las hormonas sexuales masculinas y su ausencia modula el tamaño celular. La falta de hormonas sexuales femeninas, en cambio, afecta negativamente el CRC. El sistema kalikreína kinina no parecería estar involucrado en el CRC.

Effect of Unilateral Nephrectomy on Rat Kidney in Early Stages of Aging / 대한이식학회지

PURPOSE: Despite an increasing usage of old or marginal donor kidneys in renal transplantation, little attention has been directed to the structural and functional changes occurring in the remnant kidney of old donor. In this study, the functional and structural changes were assessed in the remnant rat kidneys of early stages of aging after uninephrectomy (UNx) and compared with that of young rats. METHODS: Twelve month-old and 7~9 week-old Sprague- Dawley (SD) male rats underwent UNx and were sacrificed following 1, 3, and 5 weeks after UNx. Extract and Sham- operated kidneys were used as control. Serum creatinine, 24hr urinary protein excretion, and urinary nitric oxide (NO) were measured. The extract kidneys were examined for routine histology and also for immunohistochemical stains for ED-1, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and PCNA and TUNEL assay. RESULTS: In control rats, there was no difference in 24hr urine protein excretion and urinary NO level between old and young rats. However, the mean serum creatinine level was higher in old rats than that of young rats. After UNx, urinary NO level was significantly increased in old but not in young rats, without accompanying a significant increase of proteinuria or serum creatinine level. Histological injuries of remnant kidneys were not significantly increased after 5 weeks in old rats. However, TUNEL indices were persistently increased at 5 weeks with a return of PCNA indices to a basal level, The number of ED-1 positive cells and interstitial iNOS expression were also increased in remnant kidney of old rats, however, they were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: UNx does not seem to affect the short-term renal function or histology in 12-month-old rats. However, persistent increase of TUNEL indices at 5 weeks may suggest parenchymal atrophy and a functional decrease in the long-run. A longer observation may be necessary to predict long-term sequelae of UNx in old rats.

Sequential Renal Changes in Uninephrectomized Rabbits at Different Stage of Growth : Study on Morphometric Analysis, Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis / 대한신장학회잡지

BACKGROUND: After uninephrectomy(UNX), proliferation and apoptosis of renal cells are regarded to be closely involved in glomerular hypertrophy and compensatory renal growth. However, exact mechanism has not been well elucidated in relation with the growing status. METHODS: In small, medium and large male New Zealand white rabbits, unilateral kidneys obtained 1, 7, and 30 days after Sham operation were used for control. In experimental groups, the rabbits were sacrificed, and residual kidneys were obtained 1, 7, and 30 days after UNX. Morphometric analysis of glomerular size were performed. Immunohistochemical staining for MIB-1 antigen and Tdt-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labelling(TUNEL) method were performed. RESULTS: Glomerular hypertrophy was demonstrated in all groups after UNX and pronounced in the small rabbits. The number of renal Ki-67 positive cells were progressively increased in all study groups. The number of TUNEL positive cells was relatively small in controls. however, the numbers of glomerular, tubular and interstitial TUNEL positive cells were progressively increased in all study groups. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that different results regarding the compensatory growth in uninephrectomized rabbits of different weights and ages. Apoptosis may play an important role in the regression of hypertrophic and proliferated glomerular and tubulointerstitial cells during compensatory renal hypertrophy.

Experimental Study of the Progressive Glomerulosclerosis Induced by Long-term Administration of Puromycin Aminonucleoside in Rats

Pathogenetic mechanisms of progressive glomerulosclerosis are not clear. We studied the long-term(10 weeks) effects of puromycin aminonucleoside(PAN) in Sprague-Dawley rats with or without uninephrectomy(UN). Compared to rats with PAN injections only, rats with uninephrectomy and PAN injections showed significantly higher serum levels of urea nitrogen(153 +/- 155 mg/dl vs. 16 +/- 4 mg/dl, p<0.01), ceatinine(2.96 +/- 1.21 mg/dl vs. 0.92 +/- 0.36 mg/dl, p<0.01), cholesterol(466 +/- 125 mg/dl vs. 94 +/- 27 mg/dl, p<0.01), and triglyceride(337 +/- 237 mg/dl vs. 111 +/- 36 mg/dl, p<0.05) as well as increased amounts of proteinuria(428 +/- 90 mg/day vs. 136 +/- 130 mg/day, p<0.01). Lesions of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS) were more frequently observed in rats with UN and PAN injections than rats with PAN infections only(39.5 +/- 17.2% vs. 4.3 +/- 4.7%, p<0.01). Ultrastructural examination of the glomeruli from rats with UN and PAN injections revealed severe epithelial cell changes including foot process effacement, vaculoar change or pseudocyst formation and focal detachment of epithelial cells from the underlying basement membrane. The results suggest that chronic nephrosis induced by PAN showed functional and morphologic features similar to those of human FSGS. Cytotoxic effect of PAN on the glomerular epithelial cells may be an initiating factor for the development of FSGS. which may be aggravated by some hemodynamic changes induced by uninephrectomy.