Development and performance test of unmanned aerial vehicle-borne CeBr3 radiation monitoring system / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To develop an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-borne radiation monitoring system with high detection efficiency and nuclide identification ability for airborne monitoring in nuclear emergency. Methods The UAV-borne CeBr3 radiation monitoring system was composed of four cerium bromide (CeBr3) crystal detectors coupled with silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) and other components including integrated modules, intelligent electronic devices, and new composite materials. Results According to various performance tests on the system, the crystal energy resolution was better than 5% (@0.662 MeV), the peak drift of the energy spectrum was within ±1 channel, the linear fit of energy was 0.99997, the change in the count rate of each energy window during 12 h long-term measurement was less than 5%, and the detection efficiency was higher compared with that of NaI (Tl) detectors of the same volume. Conclusion Through ground point source testing and theoretical calculation, the system has reliable ability to identify radionuclides, which can be used in nuclide identification and the preparedness and response for nuclear and radiation emergencies.

Intelligent identification of livestock, a source of Schistosoma japonicum infection, based on deep learning of unmanned aerial vehicle images / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To develop an intelligent recognition model based on deep learning algorithms of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images, and to preliminarily explore the value of this model for remote identification, monitoring and management of cattle, a source of Schistosoma japonicum infection. Methods Oncomelania hupensis snail-infested marshlands around the Poyang Lake area were selected as the study area. Image datasets of the study area were captured by aerial photography with UAV and subjected to augmentation. Cattle in the sample database were annotated with the annotation software VGG Image Annotator to create the morphological recognition labels for cattle. A model was created for intelligent recognition of livestock based on deep learning-based Mask R-convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms. The performance of the model for cattle recognition was evaluated with accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score and mean precision. Results A total of 200 original UAV images were obtained, and 410 images were yielded following data augmentation. A total of 2 860 training samples of cattle recognition were labeled. The created deep learning-based Mask R-CNN model converged following 200 iterations, with an accuracy of 88.01%, precision of 92.33%, recall of 94.06%, F1 score of 93.19%, and mean precision of 92.27%, and the model was effective to detect and segment the morphological features of cattle. Conclusion The deep learning-based Mask R-CNN model is highly accurate for recognition of cattle based on UAV images, which is feasible for remote intelligent recognition, monitoring, and management of the source of S. japonicum infection.

A primary study on construction of urban unmanned aerial vehicle emergency blood distribution system / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of the construction of urban unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) blood distribution system, and to provide a novel way for the distribution of emergency blood.Methods:The study was completed in Hangzhou from April 2019 to January 2021, and the main participants were from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province Blood Center and Hangzhou Fast Ant Network Technology Co., Ltd. Firstly, an unmanned aircraft delivery system was built for urban emergency blood and a special blood storage box for drones were developed. The drone was used to deliver blood products from Zhejiang Province Blood Center to Binjiang Campus, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and the following indicators were obtained: (1) flight time of the drone blood delivery; (2) real-time temperature of blood products during transportation; (3) Baidu map software was used to measure the blood delivery time of road traffic, which was compared with the flight time of the drone.Results:The urban drone blood delivery system consists of intelligent logistics drones, cryogenic blood storage tanks, unmanned logistics hub stations, and cloud-based operation control platforms. The drone route distance from Zhejiang Provincial Blood Center to Binjiang Campus, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine was 2.36±0.06 km, and the ground distance was 5.8 km, with 27 flights from April 12, 2019 to January 29, 2021, and the drone flight time was, shorter than the road travel time for a round trip [(6.37±0.35) min vs. (17.00±1.94) min]. At different time points of the day, UAV blood delivery could save 15.98-4.28 min, with an average saving of 10.62±1.87 min. Conclusions:Urban UAV blood delivery systems have the advantages of being fast, unaffected by ground traffic conditions, and can ensure the safety of blood products during transportation, and are worthy of further exploration.

Study on GLI values of Polygonatum odoratum base on multi-temporal of unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing / 中国中药杂志

Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) remote sensing and vegetation index have great potential in the field of Chinese herbal medicine planting. In this study, the visible light image of Polygonatum odoratum planting area in Changyi district of Jilin province were acquired by UAV, and the real-time monitoring of P. odoratum planting area was realized. The green leaf index(GLI) was established, and GLI values of P. odoratum were collected used the spatial sampling points. To compare the GLI values in different periods, it was found that the GLI values of P. odoratum have three stages changing rule of rising-gentle-falling related to the germination, vigorous growth and withered of P. odoratum growth. Meanwhile, the GLI values were compared with four biomass data of P. odoratum, including plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content in leaves, and it was found that the GLI value was related to the growth potential of P. odoratum. The GLI value with a rapid increase in rising stage or at a high level in the gentle stage means the P. odoratum was in a better growth potential. GLI value has a same change trend with plant height, and has certain correlation with plant height and leaf area. However, there is no obvious relationship between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents in leaves and GLI value. The study clarified the change rule of GLI value of P. odoratum, explained the reason for the change of GLI value, and expanded the application range of GLI. The research shows that UAV and vegetation index can be applied to monitoring the Chinese herbal medicines planting, and provides a new idea for exploring more effective information extraction methods of Chinese herbal medicines.

Damage Analysis of Uncontrolled Falling of Micro-Miniature UAV on Human Head / 医用生物力学

Objective To evaluate the harmfulness of micro-miniature unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to human body, especially to head caused by accidental uncontrolled crash. Methods The dynamic numerical simulation analysis was carried out by using ABAQUS software. The free-falling UAV was simplified in different geometric shapes to impact human head and the damage degree of human head caused by the impact was analyzed. Based on the biological tissue performance parameters, human head and neck was simplified as a mass-spring system and the head was modeled with actual skin texture. Results When the UAV fell from 10 m with weight of 0.5 kg, the abbreviated injury scale (AIS) of the disc-shaped UAV was 1.04, and the AIS of the corn-shaped and sphere-shaped UVA were 1.95 and 2.48. For the UAV with the same geometric shape, as the mass and the falling height increased, both impact acceleration of the head and the AIS increased. When the UAV impacted human head at different angles, the disc-shaped UAV exhibited the smallest impact acceleration, AIS and damage degree. The corn-shaped and sphere-shaped UVAs had small differences in impact acceleration and AIS, but their damage degrees were large. Conclusions When the uncontrolled micro-miniature UAV impacts human head, the mass, height or contact shape of the UAV have a significant influence on the damage degree of human head.

A biotechnology survey in procedure for carrying out complex cadastral works for updating the position of land boundaries based on the data received using air photographic / 国际药学研究杂志

The State Real Estate Cadastre of the Russian Federation and its technologic methods were substantially modified at every step of their development. This has caused the following: to date, the State Cadastral Registration contains the data for land plots, the boundaries of which have been set in accordance with the law, as well as the data for earlier recorded land plots without descriptions of boundaries and their demarcation afield. Additionally, the boundary description for registered land plots is often inconsistent with their real site location. One of the reasons is that the visual checking of site location for boundaries described by a cadastral engineer during the registration of land plots is not provided; so, it is impossible to identify the errors at once. The timeliness of this work is that a large volume of records for land plots accumulated in the Real Estate Cadastre requires adjustment and correction; and the performance of complex cadastral works which have been described in Russian legislation recently makes it possible to correct the errors and simultaneously specify the locations of all land plots within the boundaries of one or several closely-spaced cadastral units at once. The mission of the study is the development of methods for the implementation of complex cadastral works for position updating of land plot boundaries based on the data received using an unmanned aerial vehicle. To achieve this goal, the following tasks should be solved: • Articulate the concept and detect the background for the introduction of complex cadastral works in the Russian Federation. • Analyze the data of the State Real Estate Cadastre for land plots which are the targets for complex cadastral works. • Describe the technique of aerial photography using unmanned aerial vehicles and provide the assessment of the accuracy of positioning using orthophotoplans. The work reveals the procedure of complex cadastral works based on digital orthophotoplans; the technique of aerial photography using the compilation of unmanned aerial vehicles and orthophotoplans is described; the assessment of the accuracy of positioning by a digital orthophotoplan is provided. The performance of complex cadastral works will allow updating the data of the State Real Estate Cadastre and improving the efficiency of territory management. The procedure for complex cadastral works based on the data received using unmanned aerial vehicles has been developed.

Application of multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle in medical rescue / 医疗卫生装备

An introduction was first given to the advantages and application status of multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in the field of medical rescue. Then, the latest worldwide application and research status of multi-rotor UAV in this field were analyzed according to available research. On this basis, the application prospects of multi-rotor UAV in the scenarios of medical rescue field were assumed. Finally, it was pointed out that multi-rotor UAV would show more functions in medical rescue field owing to various technological development and breakthrough, signifying the bright deepening application prospect of multi-rotor UAV.

Research status and development tendency of unmanned aerial vehicles for casualty evacuation / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To explore the application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) technology for casualty evacuation in disaster rescue.Methods The research status of casualty evacuation using unmanned aerial vehicles was described in the disaster medical rescue,and several UAVs involved in casualty evacuation were introduced.According to different dynamic structures,casualty evacuation UAVs were divided into four types,such as traditional rotor helicopter,multi-rotor aircraft,ducted fan aircraft,compound aircraft.Meanwhile,the load capacity and flight speed of involved UAVs were analyzed.Results The advantages of casualty evacuation UAVs in the previous researches related were summarized,with the problems and technical difficulty discussed.Furthermore,the development tendencies of casualty evacuation UAVs were predicted.Conclusion Casualty evacuation UAVs can transport the wounded to the professional medical institutions outside of the disaster scene instead of rescue crews,to reduce the casualty rate of rescuers and avoid secondary damage of the injured personnel,with accurate point to point casualty evacuation.