Estimation of dental age using the kvaal method with digital panoramic radiographs in peruvian adults / Estimación de la edad dental según el método de Kvaal con radiografías panorámicas digitales en adultos peruanos

To determine the accuracy of the Kvaal method in the estimation of dental age through the analysis of digital panoramic radiographs of patients between 20 and 47 years of age who attended the stomatological clinic of the Universidad Científica del Sur, (2018 to 2019), Lima-Perú. 289 digital panoramic radiographs belonging to individuals of both sexes, aged 20 to 47 years were analyzed. Length and width measurements were obtained in the dental and pulp chamber in the upper central incisors. These data were subsequently evaluated by calculating the proportions between the pulp and root length of the upper central incisor by applying the formula of the method of Kvaal et al. to obtain the accuracy of the method in estimating dental age. Applying the formula of Kvaal et al. indicates that the relationship between the width of the pulp and the length of the root has a higher level of significance in relation to others proportions: M mean value of all ratios except T (-0.659) and W-L difference between W and L (-0.643). The coefficient of determination (r²) and standard error of estimation (SEE) using the original Kvaal formula is r²: 0.70, SEE: 4.90 years, then a modified Kvaal formula was proposed for the Peruvian population. The Method of Kvaal et al. has an accuracy of 1.24 in estimating the dental age of individuals, using the upper central incisor in digital panoramic radiographs.

Determinar la precisión del método de Kvaal en la estimación de la edad dental mediante el análisis de radiografías panorámicas digitales de pacientes entre 20 a 47 años atendidos en la clínica estomatológica de la Universidad Científica del Sur, (2018 a 2019), Lima-Perú. Se analizaron 289 radiografías panorámicas digitales pertenecientes a individuos de ambos sexos, de 20 a 47 años. Se obtuvo medidas de longitud y anchura en la cámara dental y pulpar en los incisivos centrales superiores. Estos datos se valoraron posteriormente al calcular las proporciones entre la pulpa y longitud de la raíz del incisivo central superior aplicando la fórmula del método de Kvaal et al. para obtener la precisión del método en la estimación de la edad dental. Al aplicar la fórmula de Kvaal et al. indica que la relación entre la anchura de pulpa y la longitud de la raíz presentan un nivel de significancia mayor en relación a otras proporciones: M valor medio de todas las proporciones excepto T (-0.659) y W-L: diferencia entre los valores de W y L (-0.643). El coeficiente de determinación (r²) y el error estándar de la estimación (SEE) utilizando la fórmula original de Kvaal es de r²: 0.70, SEE: 4.90 años, después se propuso una fórmula modificada de Kvaal para la población peruana. El Método de Kvaal et al. tiene una precisión del 1.24 en la estimación de la edad dental de los individuos, utilizando el incisivo central superior en radiografías panorámicas digitales.

Percepción estética de la posición anteroposterior de los incisivos superiores en relación con la frente / Esthetic perception of the anteroposterior position of upper incisors in relation to the forehead

RESUMEN Introducción: El tratamiento ortodóntico tiene como objetivos fundamentales el logro de relaciones oclusales estables y la mejora en la expresión de la sonrisa. Particularmente, la posición de los incisivos centrales superiores presenta un rol importante en esta expresión y se ha sugerido el uso de referencias extracraneales para su correcta posición tridimensional. Conocer las preferencias de los distintos actores sociales respecto a este factor puede ayudar a las decisiones en la planificación de los tratamientos. Objetivo: Evaluar la percepción estética que ortodoncistas, cirujanos dentistas y personas no expertas tienen de la sonrisa con el incisivo central superior en posición anteroposterior respecto a la frente y en norma lateral. Métodos: Se empleó una fotografía en norma lateral en sonrisa de una mujer peruana con perfil normal y posición anteroposterior del incisivo central superior ideal según el elemento II de la armonía orofacial de Andrews. La fotografía fue modificada digitalmente de tal forma que se obtuvieron imágenes con los incisivos retruídos (- 4 mm) y protruidos (+ 4 mm). Las fotografías fueron evaluadas por un panel conformado por ortodoncistas, cirujanos dentistas y personas no expertas. La evaluación se realizó a través de una escala visual análoga. Resultados: La fotografía con la posición normal del incisivo central superior con respecto a la línea GALL fue mejor valorada por los ortodoncistas (67,658 ± 22,094) y por los no expertos (54,038 ± 20,524). Los cirujanos dentistas consideraron más agradable la posición protruida (60,804 ± 3,626). Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de evaluadores y las fotografías (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Los ortodoncistas mostraron una valoración de la estética más cercana a la norma para la posición anteroposterior de los incisivos. La posición anteroposterior de los incisivos juega un rol importante en la percepción de la estética de la sonrisa en norma lateral(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Orthodontic treatment is mainly aimed at achieving stable occlusal relationships and enhancing the smile expression. The position of the upper central incisors plays a particularly important role in such an expression, and extracranial references have been suggested for its proper three-dimensional position. Awareness of the preferences of the various social actors involved may be useful to make appropriate decisions when planning the treatments. Objective: Evaluate the esthetic perception that orthodontists, dental surgeons and laypeople have of the smile with the upper central incisor in anteroposterior position with respect to the forehead and in lateral norm. Methods: A lateral norm photograph was used of a Peruvian woman with a normal profile and ideal anteroposterior position of the upper central incisor according to element II of Andrews' orofacial harmony. The photograph was digitally modified to obtain images with retruding (- 4 mm) and protruding (+ 4 mm) incisors. The photographs were evaluated by a panel composed of orthodontists, dental surgeons and laypeople. The evaluation was based on a visual analog scale. Results: The photograph with normal position of the upper central incisor with respect to the GALL line was ranked higher by orthodontists (67.658 ± 22.094) and laypeople (54.038 ± 20.524). To dental surgeons the protruded position was nicer (60.804 ± 3.626). Significant differences were found between the groups of evaluators and the photographs (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The esthetic appraisal of orthodontists was closer to the norm for anteroposterior position of incisors. The anteroposterior position of incisors plays an important role in the esthetic perception of the smile in the lateral norm(AU)

Relationship between the shape of the upper central incisors and the facial contour in dental students: Lima, Peru / Relación entre la forma de los incisivos centrales superiores y el contorno facial en estudiantes de odontología: Lima, Perú

Determine the relationship between the shape of the face and the shape of the upper right central incisor according to “The law of harmony” proposed by Williams. Materials and methods: This was an observational, analytic and cross-sectional study. A sample of 124 subjects, male and female students between 17 and 28 years old, was selected for the research. Their facial biotype and the shape of their upper right central incisor were determined by means of direct and photographic methods. Height and facial width were clinically evaluated using the direct method, and the proximal contours of the incisors were evaluated using a Vernier digital caliper. Images were downloaded to a computer and analyzed by means of the photographic method using Adobe Photoshop 5.0. Results: The relationship between the shape of the face and the shape of the incisor was positive in 43.5 percent of the sample (p=0.006) in the direct method. In the photographic method, the relationship between the shape of the face and the shape of the incisor was positive in 41.1 percent of the sample (p=0.037). The most frequent facial biotype in the direct and photographic methods was the dolichofacial with 61.3 percent and 71 percent respectively. The most frequent shape of the tooth with the direct and photographic methods was the ovoid with 55.6 percent and 51.6 percent respectively. Conclusion: Results do not confirm “The law of harmony” proposed by Williams, therefore when choosing the most suitable anterior tooth, experience and criteria of the dentist as well as the opinion of the patient should be taken in account in order to achieve a good aesthetic result...

Determinar la relación entre la forma de la cara y la forma del incisivo central superior derecho según la “ley de la armonía” propuesta por Williams. Materiales y métodos: Este estudio fue observacional analítico de tipo transversal, se seleccionó una muestra de 124 estudiantes de ambos sexos entre 17 y 28 años de edad, a los cuales se determinó el biotipo facial y la forma del incisivo central superior derecho, por medio de un método directo y otro fotográfico. Por el método directo se evaluó clínicamente la altura y el ancho facial así como también los contornos proximales del incisivo utilizando un Vernier digital y por el método fotográfico se realizaron trazos en las imágenes tomadas utilizando el software de Adobe Photoshop 5.0 Resultados: Por el método directo la relación entre la forma de la cara y la forma del incisivo fue positiva en un 43.5 por ciento de la muestra (p= 0.006). Por el método fotográfico la relación entre la forma de la cara y la forma del incisivo fue positiva en un 41.1 por ciento de la muestra (p=0.037). El biotipo facial con mayor frecuencia por el método directo y fotográfico fue el dolicofacial en un 61.3 por ciento y 71 por ciento respectivamente. La forma del diente con mayor frecuencia por el método directo y fotográfico fue el ovoide en un 55.6 por ciento y 51.6 por ciento respectivamente. Conclusión: Los resultados no confirman la “ley de la armonía” propuesta por Williams, por lo tanto al momento de seleccionar el diente anterior más adecuado, se debe tener en cuenta la experiencia y el sentido crítico del profesional así como los deseos del propio paciente con el fin de alcanzar un buen resultado estético...

A morphometric analysis of maxillary central incisor on the basis of facial appearance in Korea

PURPOSE: We aimed to identify a more esthetic width-to-length ratio by analyzing maxillary central incisor of Korean adult population. Information regarding tooth ratio in the Korean population may be useful to clinicians when restoring anterior teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 men and 40 women were included in this study. The NON-MEDIA group included 40 non-celebrities, who were healthy and 25 to 39 years old, with normal dentofacial appearance. The MEDIA group consisted of 40 celebrities selected only on the basis of their soft-tissue facial appearance. The facial photographs of 40 celebrities were collected from the Internet websites. The width and length of the maxillary central incisor were measured using Adobe Photoshop(R) 7.0, a software for analysis, measurement and edition of photographs. Data were analyzed statistically using the Independent t-test at 5% statistical significance level. RESULTS: The mean ratio for the MEDIA group was 0.77, whereas that of the NON-MEDIA group was 0.88. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. No significant gender differences were found in the width-to-length ratio in MEDIA group. In NON-MEDIA group, however, there were significant differences between female and male. CONCLUSION: After analyzing maxillary anterior teeth of Korean adults, our results were in accordance with the general Western standards of esthetics. A dentist restoring the natural look and beauty of teeth will have to consider those standards.

A morphometric analysis of maxillary central incisor on the basis of facial appearance in Korea

PURPOSE: We aimed to identify a more esthetic width-to-length ratio by analyzing maxillary central incisor of Korean adult population. Information regarding tooth ratio in the Korean population may be useful to clinicians when restoring anterior teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 men and 40 women were included in this study. The NON-MEDIA group included 40 non-celebrities, who were healthy and 25 to 39 years old, with normal dentofacial appearance. The MEDIA group consisted of 40 celebrities selected only on the basis of their soft-tissue facial appearance. The facial photographs of 40 celebrities were collected from the Internet websites. The width and length of the maxillary central incisor were measured using Adobe Photoshop(R) 7.0, a software for analysis, measurement and edition of photographs. Data were analyzed statistically using the Independent t-test at 5% statistical significance level. RESULTS: The mean ratio for the MEDIA group was 0.77, whereas that of the NON-MEDIA group was 0.88. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. No significant gender differences were found in the width-to-length ratio in MEDIA group. In NON-MEDIA group, however, there were significant differences between female and male. CONCLUSION: After analyzing maxillary anterior teeth of Korean adults, our results were in accordance with the general Western standards of esthetics. A dentist restoring the natural look and beauty of teeth will have to consider those standards.