Carcinoma de uraco, una neoplasia maligna poco frecuente / Urachal carcinoma, a rare malignant neoplasm / Carcinoma de úraco, uma neoplasia maligna pouco frequente

El carcinoma de uraco es una neoplasia maligna poco frecuente de predominio masculino entre la quinta a sexta década de la vida. Se localizan típicamente en la cúpula de la vejiga, con patrón histopatológico predominante de adenocarcinoma en el 90% de los casos. Tiene un curso indolente con manifestaciones clínicas en etapas tardías caracterizadas por hematuria, dolor abdominal, disuria, mucosuria, entre otros. El diagnóstico se basa en el hallazgo de la lesión por métodos endoscópicos e imagenológicos. Dado lo infrecuente de esta patología, se describe el caso de una paciente en su cuarta década de vida con infección de vías urinarias recurrente, en quien se documentó por medio de urografía por tomografía computarizada multicorte (UROTAC) de pólipo vesical resecado por resección transuretral (RTU) con reporte histológico de adenocarcinoma de tipo entérico.

Urachal carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of male predominance between the fifth to sixth decade of life. It is typically located in the dome of the bladder, with a predominant histopathological pattern of adenocarcinoma in 90% of cases. It has an indolent course with clinical manifestations in late stages characterized by hematuria, abdominal pain, dysuria, mucosuria, among others. Diagnosis is based on the finding of the lesion by endoscopic and imaging techniques. Given the infrequent nature of this pathology, we describe the case of a female patient in her fourth decade of life with recurrent urinary tract infection, who was documented by MSCTU of bladder polyp resected by TURP with a histological report of enteric-type adenocarcinoma.

O carcinoma de úraco, é uma neoplasia maligna pouco frequente, predominantemente masculina que se manifesta entre a quinta e a sexta década de vida. Sua localização típica é a cúpula vesical e em 90% dos casos sua histologia corresponde a adenocarcinomas. Apresenta evolução indolente com manifestações clínicas nas etapas tardias caracterizadas por hematúria, dor abdominal, disúria, mucosúria, entre outros. O diagnóstico está baseado no achado da lesão por métodos endoscópicos e de imagens. Considerando a baixa frequência desta patologia, descreve-se o caso de uma paciente de sexo feminino em sua quarta década de vida com infecção recorrente das vias urinarias, na qual foi registrado, através de UROTAC, um pólipo vesical ressecado por RTU com laudo histológico de adenocarcinoma de tipo entérico.

Cistectomía parcial laparoscópica en cáncer de uraco / Partial cystectomy for urachus carcinoma

Introducción: Las opciones quirúrgicas para tratar el adenocarcinoma de uraco incluyen la cistectomía radical y la cistectomía parcial en bloque con escisión del uraco y el ombligo. Actualmente la laparoscopía es utilizada para resolver patología vesical y de uraco. El objetivo es presentar la cistectomía parcial laparoscópica con resección en bloque de uraco y ombligo como una alternativa terapéutica oncológicamente segura y mínimamente invasiva en el tratamiento del carcinoma de uraco. Material y método: presentamos una serie de casos de tres pacientes portadoras de adenocarcinomas del uraco sometidas a cistectomía parcial laparoscopia con escisión en bloque de uraco y ombligo. Las variables analizadas fueron el tiempo quirúrgico, el sangrado estimado del intraoperatorio, las complicaciones perioperatorias, la histología del tumor y la presencia de compromiso muscular de éste, el status oncológico de los linfonodos, los días de hospitalización, el tiempo de seguimiento y el estado oncológico actual. Resultados: El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 210 minutos. El sangrado estimado promedio fue de 133 ml. No hubo complicaciones quirúrgicas. Los tres tumores correspondieron a adenocarcinomas pobremente diferenciados y el tercero a adenocarcinoma moderadamente diferenciado. Todos se catalogaron como invasores. Los márgenes quirúrgicos fueron negativos. Actualmente las tres pacientes se encuentran sin evidencias de enfermedad con períodos de seguimiento de 12, 18 y 38 meses.Conclusiones: La cistectomía parcial con resección en bloque del uraco y el ombligo con linfadenectomía pélvica extendida por vía laparoscópica representa una alternativa mínimamente invasiva y segura en la resolución de los tumores de uraco.

Introduction: Surgical options for urachal adenocarcinoma treatment include radical cystectomy and partial cystectomy with en bloc resection of the umbilicus, urachus, and bladder dome. Laparoscopy is used in resolving bladder and urachal pathologies. The objective of this case series report is to present laparoscopic partial cystectomy with en bloc resection of the urachus and umbilicus as a safe and minimally invasive option in treatment of urachal adenocarcinoma. Materials and methods: we present a case series of tree patients diagnosed of urachal adenocarcinoma, treated with laparoscopic partial cystectomy with en bloc resection of urachus and the umbilicus. Analyzed variables were surgical time, estimated bleeding during surgery, surgical complications, tumor histology and muscular involvement, oncological status of lymph nodes resected, hospitalization days, follow up time, and current oncological status. Results: Surgical average time was 210 minutes. Mean estimated bleeding was 133 ml. There was no surgical complications. Two tumors were poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas and the third one a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. All were cataloged as muscle invasive ones. Surgical margins were negative. Currently, all patients are without evidence of disease with follow up periods of 12, 18 and 38 months. Conclusions: Laparoscopic partial cystectomy with en bloc resection of the urachus and umbilicus and extended pelvic lymphadenectomy represents a safe and minimally invasive option in treatment of urachus tumors.

Laparoscopic partial cystectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy for urachal adenocarcinoma / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To discuss the techniques and clinical efficacy of laparoscopic partial cystectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy for urachal adenocarcinoma. Methods From July 2006 to April 2008, 4 patients with urachal adenocarcinoma were managed by the laparoscopic procedure. Three patients were male, the other one was female, with a median age of 51 (range 42 to 66)years. The mean size of tumors was 3.4(rang 1.9 to 5.4)cm in diameter. Three of them were diagnosed as mucinous adenocarcinoma, the other one was adenocarcinoma. There was 1 patient at stage Ⅱ , and the other three as stage Ⅲ according to Sheldon Stage. Four patients were performed by transperitoneal approach. The boundaries of resection were similar to the open surgery, including resection of the tumor with normal margins, the peritoneum lateral to the two medial unbilical ligaments,the posterior sheath of the rectus muscle and the muscle fibers of the rectus muscle below it, and bilateral pelvic lymphanodes. Results The procedure was successfully in all 4 patients, with a mean operative time of 220(range 150 to 350)min, a mean estimated blood loss of 180 (range 120 to 290)ml.No significant intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred, except for an inferior epigastric artery injury in 1 case. The mean postoperative in-dwelling urinary catheter time was 6 (range 5 to 7)d, and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 6 (range 5 to 8)d. All 36 resected lymph nodes (range 8 to 11) were negative. At a median follow-up of 25(range 15 to 36) months, there was no evidence of recurrent disease by radiologic or cystoscopic evaluation. ConclusionLaparoscopic partial cystectomy and bilateral extended pelvic lymphadenectomy in selected patients with urachal tumors could be a safe, feasible, minimally invasive procedure.

Analysis of clinicopathologic features and surgical effects in urachal carcinoma / 中国综合临床

Objective To study the clinicopathologic features and the effects of various surgical methods of urachal carcinoma,to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Methods The clinicopathologic features,diagnosis, surgical methods and effects of 9 patients diagnosed as urachal carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among 9 patients,7 cases were diagnosed as mucinous adenocarcinoma, 1 case as nonclassified adenocarcinoma and 1 case as small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. According to Sheldon staging system,8 cases were classified into stage Ⅲ A and 1 case into stage Ⅲ C. Eight cased underwent extensive partial cystectomy,whereas the other one underwent regular partial cystectomy. One patient died of multiple bone-metastasis at 3 months after operation, 1 patient received operation again for recurrence at 11 months after operation and 1 patient experienced recurrence in bladder neck and urethra respectively at 15 months and 24 months after operation and receivedTUR-Bt. All of the other 6 patients lived without recurrence and metastasis by follow-up survey of 6 - 42 months. Conclusions Urachal carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor,which has very poor prognosis. Clinicopathologic features recognition is very important for improving the diagnosis of this disease. The long-term disease free survival can be achieved from extensive partial cystectomy.

Experiencia quirúrgica en el adenocarcinoma de uraco / Surgical experience with urachal carcinoma

Introducción: Los adenocarcinomas de uraco constituyen menos de 1 % de las neoplasias malignas vesicales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir la experiencia médica y quirúrgica al respecto en nuestro centro hospitalario. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y observacional de pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer vesical a quienes se les efectuó cistectomía radical con derivación urinaria o cistectomía parcial, seleccionando aquellos con informe patológico de adenocarcinoma de uraco entre enero de 1994 y mayo de 2007. Se analizó edad, sexo, sintomatología, métodos diagnósticos, abordaje quirúrgico, complicaciones y sobrevida. Resultados: De 306 pacientes, cinco (1.6 %) tuvieron adenocarcinoma del uraco: tres hombres (60 %) y dos mujeres (40 %), con edad promedio de 61 años. Dado que la hematuria constituyó el síntoma común, fueron abordados inicialmente con ultrasonido. En uno se documentó tumor de ovario derecho, por lo que se realizó laparotomía exploradora y cistectomía parcial en bloque. En cuatro se identificó tumor en domo vesical y se efectuó cistoscopia y resección transuretral vesical; el informe de patología sugirió adenocarcinoma de uraco y la tomografía axial computarizada lo confirmó, permitiendo la etapificación clínica IIIb de Sheldon en tres pacientes y IVa en uno. Se realizó cistectomía radical con neovejiga ortotópica tipo Studer. Cuatro pacientes se encuentran sin recurrencia y uno murió a consecuencia de la enfermedad. Conclusiones. Los adenocarcinomas de uraco tuvieron una incidencia de 1.6 % en la población estudiada. La sintomatología refleja en la mayoría de los casos patología vesical, por lo que son estudiados y abordados como tal. La cirugía es la mejor oportunidad de cura.

BACKGROUND: Urachal carcinomas are rare neoplasms that constitute <1% of bladder tumors. We undertook this study to describe the medical and surgical experience of urachal carcinomas treated in our hospital. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective, descriptive and observational study. Clinical files were reviewed of patients with diagnosis of bladder cancer and who were operated on with radical cystectomy with urinary substitution and extended partial cystectomy, selecting those patients with pathological report of urachal carcinoma. The study was conducted from January 1994 to May 2007 analyzing the following data: age, sex, symptoms, diagnostic methods, surgical approach, complications and disease-free survival. RESULTS: Of the 306 patients operated on with radical surgery for bladder cancer, only five patients (1.6%) had a diagnosis of urachal carcinoma. There were three (60%) men and two (40%) women, with a median age of 61 years. Hematuria was the chief complaint in all cases and the reason why they were initially treated with ultrasonography (USG). In one case, tumor of the right ovary was documented and the patient underwent exploratory laparotomy and extended partial cystectomy. In the other four cases, tumor was reported in the dome of the bladder and for this reason cystoscopy and transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) were done, confirming the clinical findings in addition to the pathology report suggesting urachal carcinoma. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed the tumor in urachal topography, reporting a Sheldon clinical stage IIIb in three patients and stage IVa in one patient. This was the reason for the Studer-type orthotopic bladder substitution. Currently, four patients are being followed-up without recurrence, reporting only one death related to the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Urachal carcinomas are rare tumors with an incidence of 1.6% in our studied population. Symptoms in most cases are similar to those of bladder pathology origin. The surgical approach and procedure described here provide the best opportunity for disease-free survival.

Laparoscopic partial cystectomy for urachal and bladder cancer

PURPOSE: To report our initial experiences with laparoscopic partial cystectomy for urachal and bladder malignancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2002 and October 2004, laparoscopic partial cystectomy was performed in 6 cases at 3 institutions; 3 cases were urachal adenocarcinomas and the remaining 3 cases were bladder transitional cell carcinomas. All patients were male, with a median age of 55 years (45-72 years). Gross hematuria was the presenting symptom in all patients, and diagnosis was established with trans-urethral resection bladder tumor in 2 patients and by means of cystoscopic biopsy in the remaining 4 patients. Laparoscopic partial cystectomy was performed using the transperitoneal approach under cystoscopic guidance. In each case, the surgical specimen was removed intact entrapped in an impermeable bag. One patient with para-ureteral diverticulum transitional cell carcinoma required concomitant ureteral reimplantation. RESULTS: All six procedures were completed laparoscopically without open conversion. The median operating time was 110 minutes (90-220) with a median estimated blood loss of 70 mL (50-100). Frozen section evaluations of bladder margins were routinely obtained and were negative for cancer in all cases. The median hospital stay was 2.5 days (2-4) and the duration of catheterization was 7 days. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Final histopathology confirmed urachal adenocarcinoma in 3 cases and bladder transitional cell carcinoma in 3 cases. At a median follow-up of 28.5 months (range: 26 to 44 months), there was no evidence of recurrent disease as evidenced by radiologic or cystoscopic evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic partial cystectomy in carefully selected patients with urachal and bladder cancer is feasible and safe, offering a promising and minimally invasive alternative for these patients.