Effects of bolus thickness and use frequency on skin dose in postmastectomy intensity-modulated radiotherapy / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To investigate the effects of bolus thickness and use frequency on skin dose in postmastectomy intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 20 cases receiving postmastectomy fixed-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy, to analyze the homogeneity index (HI) and conformity index (CI) of the target volume and the skin dose (Dmax, Dmean, and Dmin) of radiotherapy plans with 0.5 cm-thick bolus or 1 cm-thick bolus alone at a use frequency of 5 F, 10 F, 15 F, 20 F, and 25 F versus a combination of 0.5 cm and 1 cm-thick bolus, and fit the relationship between skin dose and bolus use frequency. Results As the bolus use frequency increased, the skin dose increased, the hot spot of the target volume decreased, and the low-dose volume decreased. The HI of the target volume with the 1 cm bolus was better than that with the 0.5 cm bolus at all use frequencies (P < 0.05), and HI decreased with the increase of bolus use frequency. For both 0.5 cm and 1 cm bolus, the CI of the target volume increased initially and then decreased, reaching the maximum value at a frequency of around 15 F; the CI showed significant differences only at 20 F and 25 F between the two types of bolus (P < 0.05). The skin Dmax and Dmean were significant higher with the 0.5 cm bolus than with the 1 cm bolus (P < 0.05). The equation for the relationship between skin dose (D) and bolus use frequency (F) was D = A × F + B × F2 + C. The Dmax and HI with the combination of 0.5 cm bolus (6 F) plus 1 cm bolus (8 F) fell between those with the 0.5 cm bolus (15 F) and those with the 1 cm bolus (15 F) (P < 0.05). Conclusion In postmastectomy fixed-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy, skin dose can be calculated based on bolus use frequency. Mixed use of bolus may be more suitable than use of 0.5 cm bolus or 1 cm bolus alone.

Social Influence Factors for Utilization Rate of Medical and Health App / 医学信息学杂志

Addressing the problems that the unitization rate of medical and health App are generally low,based on the empirical approach,the paper demonstrates the positive influence of social factors on the utilization rate of mobile health App,and deeply analyzes the action mechanism and linkage effect of social factors such as social relation network,social support and subjective norms,so as to nationally design the socialized development strategies for mobile health App,thus providing the decision-making basis for the sustainable development and user cultivation of m-Health.

Frequency of cone beam computed tomography guidance in radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To analyze setup errors in cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)-guided radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer(NPC)and evaluate the use frequency of CBCT. Methods Twenty-six patients newly diagnosed with NPC who received CBCT scan no less than 3 times per week during the whole course(7 weeks)of intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)were enrolled as subjects. Two setup errors were recorded each week:the setup error in the first CBCT analysis(Ef)and the setup error in the subsequent CBCT analysis(Ec). Comparisons of Efbetween two different weeks, Ecbetween two different weeks,and between Efand Ecin the same week were made by analysis of variance. Results During the 7 weeks,there were no significant differences in Efin the medial-lateral(ML), superior-inferior(SI), or anterior-posterior(AP)direction between any two weeks(all P>0.05);there were also no significant differences in Ecin the ML or SI direction between any two weeks(all P>0.05);there was a significant difference in Ecin the AP direction between two different weeks(P<0.05);there were no significant differences between Efand Ecin the ML or SI direction in any week(P>0.05);there were also no significant differences between Efand Ecin the AP direction in any week(P>0.05)except for the first week (P<0.05). Conclusions In IMRT for NPC,the setup errors in the ML and SI directions are stable in the whole course of radiotherapy,while the setup errors in the AP direction are different between the first week and subsequent weeks. Daily CBCT scan in the first week and weekly CBCT scan in the subsequent weeks are highly recommended for most patients to reduce the use frequency of CBCT.

Research analysis the clinical use traditional chinese medicines decoction pieces prescription / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical use Chinese herbal pieces in Beijing hospital, so as to provide references for the clinical rational medication. METHODS: The clinical dose, medication frequency, herb number, herb efficacy distribution and poisonous herb usage the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions in Beijing hospital were investigated, andwere contrasted with those described in Pharmacopoeia, classicalprescription and proved prescription, so as to deeply study the laws dose-effect-poisonous-ness relationship for TCM. RESULTS: There were about 500 Chinese herbal pieces, 28 poisonous herbs and 50 000 prescriptions per year in our hospital. Statistics showed that the doses some Chinese herbal pieces included poisonous herbal pieces were beyond the Pharmacopoeia regulated doses; herb numbers in some prescriptions were much larger than classicalprescription and proved prescription; tonic and antipyretic medicines were mostly used in these prescriptions. CONCLUSION: The clinical use TCM decoction pieces in our hospital were basically rational. The efficacy distribution the Chineseherbal pieces were consist with the gerontology characteristic and disease spectrum our hospital. However, there were some problems, such as large herb numbers and overdose some Chinese herbal pieces included poisonous herbal piecesin these prescriptions, should be further researched and improved.

Survey of Antibiotics in Emergency Department of Oriental Hospital and Analysis of Rational Use During 2007 / 药物流行病学杂志

Objective:To understand the use of antibiotics in our hospital to provide clinical drug reference. Method:The hospital outpatient and emergency prescriptions in 2007 were randomly selected and according to clinical pharmacology knowledge and literature material,sorting of the antibiotics use frequency and category was carried out,and the statistics and rationality about the antibiotics prescriptions were classified and analyzed.Result:According to the use frequency(DDDs),the top 3 kinds were ornidazole,levofloxacuin and azithromycin.Cephalosorins,quinolones and macrolides were most frequently used in clinic.In the total 10,800 prescriptions audited,3842 antibiotic prescriptions and 409 irrational prescriptions were used respectively in the drug solvent which presented problems in the dosage regimen,pharmacological effects and rational drug use.Conclusion:The use of antibiotics in the hospital was basically reasonable,but there were still some problems and the need to further improve the prescription audit would be helpful for the rational use of antibiotics.

Investigation of Clinical Use of the Nutrition Support Drugs in our Hospital During 2005-2006 / 药物流行病学杂志

Objective:To find out the situation of the use of the nutrition support drugs in Peking University Shenzhen Hospital.Method:The method of the use of the nutrition support drugs was adopted to analyze its situation in the hospital during 2005-2006 with respect to the sum of money,frequency of use,increase of charge for medicine and kinds of drugs.Results:The sum of money has been descent 70 000 yuan in 2006 than in 2005,and the frequeacy of use also has been descent 60 000.Conclusion:Parenteral nutrition(PN)drugs were more frequently used than enteral nutrition(EN) drugs.EN was advocated to be used as early as possible so as to maintain the intestinal tract mucosal barrier and recover the intestinal tract function.EN was fit to the physiological need and more scientific than PN.

Support Vector Machine for Prediction of Horizontal Gene Transfers in Bacteria Genomes / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), also Lateral gene transfer (LGT), is any process in which an organism transfers genetic material to another species that is not its offspring. With the increase of available genomic data, it has become more convenient to study the way to detect the genes, which are products of horizontal transfers among a given genome. There are few data about known horizontal gene transfers in three bacterium genomes under consideration, so the experiments, which simulated gene transfer by artificially inserting phage genes, were carried out. Combining the feature analysis methods of gene sequences with support vector machine (SVM), a novel method was developed for identifying horizontal gene transfers (HGT) in 3 fully sequenced bacterium genomes (Escherichia coli K12, Borrelia burgdorferi, Bacillus cereus ZK). According to our previous work, codon use frequency (FCU) was selected as the sequence feature, in respect that it is inherently the fusion of both codon usage bias and amino acid composition signals. In addition, another computational method was proposed considering strand asymmetry and predicting horizontal gene transfers of leading strand and lagging strand of genomes under consideration, respectively. To avoid the occasionality of simulating gene transfer through artificially inserting phage genes, 100 times of the transfer-and-recover experiment were repeated and arithmetic average of measurement for each genome being considered were reported to evaluate algorithm's performance. Ten-fold cross-validation was used for both parameter and accuracy estimation. The best results were obtained for C-Support Vector Classification (C-SVC) type by using the radial basis function kernel with ?=100, while for one-class SVM type the best performance was obtained using the polynomial kernel of three degree. The performance of the approach was compared with that of Tsirigos' method ,which is one of the best predictive approachs to date in detecting of horizontal transfer genes. Firstly, for the original method that did not consider the strand asymmetry, the C-SVC type has a high relative improvement(RI) of 31.47% on hit ratio for Escherichia coli K12, while the one-class SVM type has RI of 11.61% for Borrelia burgdorferi. Moreover, as theoretically expected, the method considering the strand asymmetry resulted in higher RI than the original method. In order to examine the approach's performance in detecting factual gene transfer events, the approach was applied in genome of Enterococcus faecalis V583. It is not only succeed in recovering all the seven factual horizontally transferred genes, also found that the whole segment from 7 kb upstream of gene EF2293 to 38 kb downstream of gene EF2299 was probably transferred into E. faecalis V583 genome simultaneously with the above seven genes.

Analysis on Prescriptions of Oral Traditional Chinese Medicinal Decoctions / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the utilization characteristics and the consumption of oral traditional Chinese medicinal decoctions in our hospital.METHODS: The department of internal medicine in our hospital was subdivided into 8 special divisions.6 physicians of senior professional title(associated professor or above) from each subdivision were randomly selected for analysis of the prescriptions of oral traditional Chinese medicinal decoctions prescribed by the 48 physicians.The ingredients and their dosages in the prescriptions were recorded to database and analyzed by Weka data mining software.RESULTS: The drug use frequency of no less than 5% was noted in 68 kinds of oral traditional Chinese medicinal decoctions,with the drugs for reinforcing deficiency showing the highest drug use frequency,followed by drug for clearing heat,drugs for blood-activating and stasis-dissolving,drugs for eliminating sputum and relieving cough and asthma etc.The drug use frequency of no less than 1% was noted in 193 kinds,of which,160(83%) whose doses exceeded the specified limit value specified in Chinese Pharmacopeia,and in 52 kinds(27%),the proportion of prescriptions involving overdosing was no less than 50%.CONCLUSION: The concerned departments should attached great importance to the widespread phenomenon that the dosages of oral traditional Chinese medicinal decoctions in our hospital exceed the specified dosages in Chinese Pharmacopeia.