RESUMO
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer globally, and in Nigeria the incidence of the disease has increased over the last two decades. Breast self-examination (BSE) is still the most important way of detecting the disease. Therefore, the study aimed at determining the level of knowledge and attitude of breast cancer and practice of BSE among female undergraduate students. Methods: This was a cross sectional study of 401 female students that were selected by cluster sampling technique, data was collected using self-administered questionnaires and analysis done using Stata Version 10. Results: The level of awareness of breast cancer and BSE was high among the respondents, 99% and 91.3 % respectively; but the knowledge of risk factors for breast cancer was poor. Breast lump was a well-known symptom of breast cancer. Just 20% of the respondents knew the correct time BSE should be done, and 4% had a good knowledge of BSE, the practice of BSE was poor, only 9% of them carried it out monthly; majority of the respondents (88%) said they will seek help immediately if they observed breast lump, and 80% were willing to know more about breast cancer. Seven percent of the respondents had previous history of lumps and 6% had first or second degree relation with breast cancer. Conclusions: There is a need for appropriate educational programme in order to improve knowledge of breast cancer and practice of BSE among the students for early detection and control of the disease.
RESUMO
Background: World sight day is marked yearly and provides the opportunity to create awareness about eye health. The global event can also serve as an avenue to appraise impacts of health promotions and interventions on blindness prevention. Aim: To determine the prevalence of blindness and common ocular conditions among the studied population. Materials and methods: It was a cross-sectional study involving workers at Uyo Mechanic Villageand University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. Instrument was developed in line with study’s objectives. Subjects’ responses to questionnaires and ocular assessment formed the core of data generated which was analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 20.0)Observation: A total of 121 males and 280 females with a ratio of 1:2.3 were analyzed. Age rangewas from 18 years to 66 years with a mean of 39.8+9.2 years. Prevalence of blindness was 1%. Intraocular pressure, indicated in 81 subjects, ranged from 11 to 33 mmHg with a mean of 16.2+4.8 mmHg. Absolute glaucoma was recorded in 5 patients (1.2%), 71 patients (17.7%) were glaucoma suspects and 19 patients (4.7%) had glaucoma. Refractive error 167 (41.6%) was the commonest finding. Statistical analysis of data revealed no significant relationship between sex and diagnoses (p value = 7.967, X2= 0.826, 95% CI =0.821-0.836) or age and diagnoses (p value = 509.522,X2=0.601, 95% CI = 0.591-0.510). Conclusion: Refractive errors were the commonest ocular finding in the population studied.
RESUMO
Background: Autopsy is an essential auditing tool in clinical practice. ObjectiveS: The study set out to review all autopsies that were performed over a four-year period in order to determine the rate, indications, as well as the age and sex distribution of dead bodies, which autopsies were performed on them in the Hospital. Setting and Design: This was a retrospective study that was undertaken at the department of Pathology of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital (UUTH), Uyo, Nigeria between January 2007 and December 2010. Materials and Methods: All the cases of death that underwent pathological autopsies in the UUTH were reviewed. The autopsy records, clinical case notes, gross and histopathological specimens as well as slides were retrieved and examined. Results: A total of 1679 dead bodies were received at the mortuary of the institution studied during the 4-year period. Autopsies were performed in 78 cases giving a request rate of 4.7%. Coroner's autopsy was commonly performed, and this accounted for 60 (76.9%) cases, while the remaining 18 (23.1%) were clinical autopsies. Autopsies were commonly performed on male bodies more than females (M: F = 2.6:1.0) with the majority having died at their second decade of life. It was observed that the majority (57.7%) of the request for autopsies were from peripheral centers outside the teaching hospital, while the remaining 42.3% cases were drawn from various clinical departments in the teaching hospital. Road traffic accident was the leading indication for coroner's autopsy (51.7%), while gastroenteritis and chronic liver disease were the two most common indications for clinical autopsy, 27.8% and 22.2% respectively. The concordance rate between clinical diagnosis and autopsy diagnosis was found to be 72.2% (13/18 cases). Conclusion: The rate of request for Autopsy at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital during the period of this study was low, similar to other previous reports.