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1.
Interdisciplinaria ; 40(1): 172-189, abr. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1430594

RESUMO

Resumen A pesar de que la violencia de pareja íntima (VPI) presenta en la mujer una variedad de síntomas evidenciables, varios de los actores involucrados en el sistema de salud no cuentan con mecanismos de evaluación temprana, ni de reconocimiento de los tipos de secuelas psicológicas, entre los que se incluye una diversa sintomatología psicofisiológica. Con el objetivo de conocer las características de somatización, ansiedad y depresión en mujeres víctimas de VPI, como parte de una investigación macro de corte transversal no experimental de campo, se realizó el presente estudio cuantitativo correlacional a través de las variables del Inventario de Evaluación de la Personalidad (PAI). Los datos obtenidos se sometieron a análisis estadístico con métodos descriptivos e inferenciales. La muestra consta de 50 mujeres de la población de víctimas de VPI de la sierra ecuatoriana. Los resultados obtenidos son bastante contradictorios en cuanto al bajo porcentaje de mujeres con afectación típica relacionada con este tipo de violencia, en comparación con los datos presentados por otros autores sobre los niveles de somatización, ansiedad y depresión en ellas. A pesar de esto, se obtuvieron tres factores independientes presentes en esta muestra: trastorno ansioso-depresivo, con elementos de estrés postraumático; trastorno obsesivo compulsivo, con elementos de ansiedad, y quejas somáticas. Al momento de finalizar este estudio, se puede concluir que el PAI, sin su validación previa en esta población, no muestra una idoneidad suficiente para evaluar mujeres víctimas de VPI en el Ecuador. Se recomiendan nuevas investigaciones en otras muestras, en las que se utilicen diversos esquemas empíricos que incluyan varios instrumentos y medios cualitativos.


Abstract Various studies have noticed that women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) also report having various types of health-related problems. However, health systems do not appear to have established procedures to recognize these problems (i. e., psychophysiological) in women. This study assessed somatic symptoms, anxiety, and depressive characteristics in women who have been victims of IPV. These symptoms were assessed using the scales of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). The sample consisted of 50 women victims of IPV from the Ecuadorian sierra. Group participants came from two different cities: the first group included 28 women victims of IPV from Riobamba. Their ages ranged from 15 to 58. These women were receiving psychological services from a not-for-profit organization in the city. The second group included 22 women with similar characteristics between the ages of 27-63. This group of women came from the southern regions of Quito, the capital city of Ecuador. Women in this group were receiving services from two different places offering help to women experiencing IPV. Sixteen percent of women reported having a medium level of "anxiety" (some level of stress), and 14 % reported having a high level of tension and stress. Thirty-four percent of women reported medium levels of "anxiety-related disorders". These women reported having specific fears, little confidence in themselves and negative perspectives of their future. Sixteen percent of the women reported high levels of anxiety. They reported imitations in daily life (i. e., specific fears and feelings of insecurity in social situations). Thirty percent of women reported having medium levels of "depression" (sensitivity, pessimism, and feeling unhappy part of the time). Eighteen percent of women reported having high levels of "depression" (notable unhappiness and dysphoria). Forty-four percent of women in this study reported having some type of physical problem. These findings suggest that women who are victims of IPV could benefit from receiving mental health services aimed at managing their tension, stress, specific fears, and symptoms of depression. They also suggest that women victims of IPV could benefit from receiving training to increase their social competency and medical assistance to address their somatic complaints. Findings in this study are somewhat divergent from the results observed in previous investigations. Previous studies identified that most women who experienced IPV report symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, in this study, only a relatively low percentage of women reported having these symptoms. The sole utilization of the PAI as a method of evaluation may not have been sufficient to identify these symptoms. These results suggest the importance of using qualitative methods (i. e., clinical interview) or more holistic methodologies (i. e., clinical interview and tests) to better assess mental health symptoms in this group of women. It is also possible that the PAI might not be the most adequate tool to assess these symptoms in this population. The results of this investigation do reveal the importance of evaluating other mental health symptoms in women victims of IPV: post-traumatic stress, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Future studies should focus on assessing these symptoms using other assessment methodologies (e. g. instruments designed to assess post-traumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorder). The efficiency of health systems evaluations and interventions depends on the methodologies used to assess problems. The sole use of one instrument such as the PAI may not provide sufficient information about symptoms experienced by women experiencing IPV. Health systems should use batteries of instruments in conjunction with the clinical interviewing processes to readily assess symptoms. However, such an alternative may not be entirely feasible taking into account that such methodology requires more time and likely financial support to acquire tests.

2.
Liberabit ; 27(1): e447, ene.-jun. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1356462

RESUMO

Resumen Antecedentes: la dictadura militar chilena (1973-1990) dejó miles de víctimas entre afectados directos y familiares, quienes pudieron desarrollar diversas secuelas en su salud mental. Objetivos: el presente estudio buscó evaluar un modelo predictivo de crecimiento postraumático (CPT) que incluía la ideología política, el afrontamiento religioso y la rumiación, en víctimas de la violencia política durante la dictadura. Método: participaron 200 personas adultas reconocidas en el Programa de Reparación y Atención Integral de Salud (PRAIS), encargada de brindar apoyo a las víctimas directas de violaciones a los derechos humanos durante la dictadura, y a sus familiares. De ellos 104 son mujeres (52%) y 96 hombres (48%), en un rango de edad entre los 30 y 91 años. Se utilizaron como instrumentos el Inventario de Crecimiento Postraumático, la Escala Breve de Afrontamiento Religioso, la Escala de Rumiación relacionada con el Evento y la Escala de Ideología Política. Resultados: los principales resultados indicaron que el afrontamiento religioso positivo y la rumiación deliberada predijeron el CPT. La rumiación deliberada media parcialmente entre el afrontamiento religioso positivo y el CPT. Conclusión: se concluye que el afrontamiento religioso positivo y el procesamiento cognitivo deliberado favorecen los cambios positivos en víctimas directas de la violencia política y sus familiares. Ante esto, se refuerza la idea que las víctimas de estas violaciones logran crecer después de estas experiencias dolorosas.


Abstract Background: The Chilean military dictatorship (1973-1990) left thousands of victims among those directly affected and their families, who were able to develop various mental health sequelae. Objective: The present study sought to evaluate a predictive model of posttraumatic growth (PTG) that included political ideology, religious coping and rumination in victims of political violence during the dictatorship. Method: The study involved 200 adults recognised in the Programme for Reparation and Integral Health Care (PRAIS), which is responsible for providing support to direct victims of human rights violations and their family members during the dictatorship. Out of these, 104 were women (52%) and 96 were men (48%) ranging in age from 30 to 91 years. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Brief Religious Coping Scale, the Event-Related Rumination Scale and the Political Ideology Scale were used as instruments. Results: The main results indicated that positive religious coping and deliberate rumination predicted PTG. Deliberate rumination partially mediates between positive religious coping and PTG. Conclusion: It is concluded that positive religious coping and deliberate cognitive processing favour positive change in those directly affected by political violence and their family members. This reinforces the idea that victims of these violations manage to grow after these painful experiences.

3.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-948618

RESUMO

El presente trabajo, se relaciona con la investigación del PROINPSI denominada "Síndrome de Burnout en profesionales de distintas disciplinas que se desempeñan en instituciones que asisten a víctimas de violencia familiar", encontrándose la misma en su etapa inicial de desarrollo. El objetivo de la investigación es relevar la incidencia y el grado de desgaste (Burnout) en una población de profesionales de distintas disciplinas que asisten a víctimas de violencia familiar, y establecer si existen diferencias en el nivel padecimiento de este síndrome según las variables personales. Intentándose relevar, cual es el grado de prevalencia del burnout y las dimensiones configuracionales en virtud de algunas variables sociodemográficas y las estrategias de afrontamiento necesarias para hacer frente a los imponderables de ésta práctica y poder desarrollar estrategias de acción favorecedoras de los recursos resilientes que poseen éstos trabajadores. Los resultados que se esperan obtener están relacionados a las causas que generan malestar en el trabajo, a saber: características de la tarea, problemas organizacionales, condiciones adversas del ambiente laboral, etc.


This work is related to research PROINPSI called "Burnout Syndrome among professionals from different disciplines who work in institutions assisting victims of domestic violence", being the same in its initial stage of development. The aim of the research is to relieve the incidence and degree of wear (Burnout) in a population of professionals from different disciplines who attend victims of family violence, and establish whether there are differences in the condition of this syndrome level according to personal variables. Being attempted relieve, what is the degree of prevalence of burnout and configurational dimensions under some sociodemographic variables and coping strategies needed to deal with the imponderables of this practice and to develop strategies favoring action of resilient resources that they possess these workers. The results to be obtained are related to the causes upset at work, namely task characteristics, organizational problems, adverse work environment conditions, etc.


Assuntos
Humanos , Violência Doméstica , Sociedades , Esgotamento Profissional
4.
Psychol. av. discip ; 10(1): 69-77, ene.-jun. 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-956052

RESUMO

Resumen A raíz de la problemática derivada de la violencia social vivida en México, surge una línea de investigación en la Facultad de Psicología Xalapa (Universidad Veracruzana, México) con la finalidad de examinar los requerimientos de atención psicosocial que demanda la población afectada por este fenómeno social; para ser contemplados en el currículo de los futuros psicólogos. En este artículo, se presentan resultados parciales de la investigación, usando una metodología cualitativa. Donde se privilegió el uso de grupos focales con estudiantes de pregrado de psicología, se coleccionaron sus vivencias respecto de la violencia social que padecieron en su región. La muestra fue intencional, conformada por 16 jóvenes de entre los 19 y 24 años de edad, ocho mujeres y ocho hombres. Se realizó análisis del discurso, creando categorías derivadas de la información colectada. Dentro de los resultados destaca que: el 100 % de los estudiantes tuvo al menos una experiencia de violencia social, la tercera parte de los participantes, vivió dos o tres situaciones que involucran entre otras: intento de secuestro, robo a mano armada, ser testigo de asesinato y/o balaceras e intimidación por parte de cuerpos policiacos. Adicionalmente se identificaron dos formas básicas de reaccionar ante estas circunstancias: la evasión y la organización social. Discusión: Frente a estos hallazgos, se discute la pertinencia de utilizar el concepto de sobreviviente sobre el de víctima, comúnmente utilizado por la literatura; dado que este último, está asociado a la vivencia pasiva de una situación de violencia.


Abstract Due to the multiple problems generated by social violence in Mexico, a new research topic was originated in the Faculty of Psychology in Xalapa (Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico) with the main goal of examining the requirements of psychosocial care wanted and needed by the persons who are affected by this social phenomenon; in order to include these requirements in the curricula of future psychologists. Partial results of the research are presented in this paper, using a qualitative approach. Focus groups with undergraduate psychology students where the applied research method to collect the students experience regarding social violence in Mexico. The sample was intentional, consisting of 16 young people between 19 and 24 years old, eight women and eight men. The discourse analysis of the Focus Groups allowed to classify the collected information. It stands out that 100% of the students had experienced social violence at least once; one third had experienced 2 or 3 events that involved kidnap attempt, armed robbery, witnessing a homicide and/or a shooting and being intimidated by police force. Additionally have been identified two basic ways of response to these violent events: evasion and social organization. Discussion: based on the findings, the pertinence of using the term survivor instead of victim (commonly used in literature) is discussed; since the last one is associated more with a passive response to a violent event.


Assuntos
Percepção Social , Estudantes , Violência , Violência/prevenção & controle , Violência/psicologia , Psicologia , Universidades , Grupos Focais , Organização Social , Bullying
5.
Rev. latinoam. psicol ; 47(3): 167-176, set.-dic. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-777010

RESUMO

Se analiza el proceso de adaptación psicológica y sociocultural de niños en situación de desplazamiento forzado, identificando los factores que favorecen y obstaculizan su adaptación, así como la incidencia de su identidad social en este proceso, visto a la luz de la teoría de la aculturación de Berry (1997) y la teoría de la identidad social de Tajfel y Turner (1987). Este estudio cualitativo es un análisis secundario asumido desde la perspectiva de descripción densa (Geertz, 2000). Se recopilaron un total de 26 entrevistas, realizadas a niñas, niños y padres en situación de desplazamiento forzado, docentes, estudiantes y padres de una comunidad escolar con alta recepción de población desplazada. En el procesamiento de la información se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido. Los resultados sugieren que el apoyo emocional contribuye a la adaptación de la población desplazada debido, sobre todo, a que promueve el sentido psicológico de comunidad. Por otro lado, se muestra la importancia del papel de la escuela en el logro de procesos de inclusión y estrategias de integración que pueden promover el bienestar de la población infantil víctima de violencia política.


An analysis is made on the process of psychological and sociocultural adaptation of children in situations of forced displacement. This includes identifying the factors promoting and preventing adaptation, and the impact of their social identity in this process, from the perspective of Berry's (1997) theory of acculturation and the theory of social identity by Tajfel and Turner (1987). This qualitative study is a secondary analysis undertaken from the perspective of thick description (Geertz, 2000). A total of 26 interviews were conducted, with the interviewees being children and parents in situations of forced displacement, as well as teachers, students and parents of a school community with high reception of displaced population. The content analysis technique was used in the processing of information. The results suggest that emotional support contributes to adaptation, mainly because it promotes the psychological sense of community. On the other hand, the important role of the school in achieving processes of inclusion and integration strategies is shown, as it that can promote the well-being of child victims of political violence.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adulto , Ajustamento Social , Adaptação Psicológica , Política , Identificação Social , Violência , Migração Humana
6.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 75(1): 57-63, ene. 2014. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-721838

RESUMO

Las actividades de lucha contra la violencia se iniciaron en la Facultad de Medicina San Fernando, UNMSM, en marzo del año 2003. Las primeras acciones estuvieron encaminadas a la organización de un núcleo docente de trabajo y a acopiar la mayor información sobre las consecuencias en salud producidas por la violencia política ocurrida en el Perú en los años 1980 al 2000. En el presente artículo se presenta una reseña histórica de los inicios, los arduos procesos de organización, de capacitación de profesionales de la salud y profesores universitarios así como de la evaluación de los resultados obtenidos en la atención integral en salud a las víctimas de la violencia de las regiones que sufrieron la violencia política y otros logros paralelos de innovación, creatividad y trasferencia de conocimientos, para la sostenibilidad del proceso.


San Fernando Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos began activities against violence in March 2003. Initial efforts were directed to organization of a working nucleus and collecting information on health consequences of political violence occurred in Peru during years 1980 to 2000. In this paper a historical review is presented on the beginnings, arduous organization and capacitation processes and results obtained in training of health professionals and university professors for a comprehensive health care of violence victims in regions that suffered the political violence as well as other achievements in innovation, creativity and trasference of knowledge for the process sustainability.


Assuntos
Humanos , Capacitação Profissional , Crimes de Guerra , Educação Médica , Planos e Programas de Saúde/história , Universidades , Violência , Vítimas de Crime
7.
Med. leg. Costa Rica ; 29(1): 79-82, mar. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-646503

RESUMO

El presente artículo pretende realizar una revisión del tema de femicidio, brindando una definición completa del tema, estadística generales y aspectos legales relacionados con el tema...


Assuntos
Humanos , Mulheres Maltratadas , Medicina Legal , Identificação de Vítimas , Violência Doméstica/estatística & dados numéricos , Violência Doméstica/tendências , Mulheres , Costa Rica
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