RESUMO
Background: Bangladesh is a densely populated country of South East Asia with low resource setting where cervical cancer is the 2nd leading cause of female cancer. In more than 80% cases are diagnosed at advanced and inoperable stage. Regarding socio demographic context of this country VIA has been introduced as a screening method for cervical cancer which is most simple, cost effective, and acceptable test for all women. In Bangladesh among 3 million garment workers more than 80% are women. The objective of this study was to identify prevalence of VIA positive cases among garment workers. So that it can reduce the incidence of cervical cancer in Bangladesh.Methods: It was a cross杝ectional observational study conducted in some selected garment factories in Chattogram city of Bangladesh from January 2021 to July 2021, where we enrolled 534 female workers for VIA test.Results: Among all the respondents 56% were 30 years or younger, 38% were aged between 31 to 40 years. Among 534 participants, 44.9% completed primary education, 37.3% were smoker and 34.5% had their children at early age. Majority (86.7%) had excessive whitish discharge. Post coital bleeding and irregular bleeding was 2.6% and 2.2% respectively. Considering awareness, 61.8% had idea about cervical cancer, only 1.1% had undergone VIA test in the past. In our study we found 2.4% of participants were VIA positive cases.Conclusions: It is important to include the garment workers, while making public health policies and implementation of cervical cancer control program.
RESUMO
Background: Cervical carcinoma is one of the most common causes of mortality among women. This mortality rate can be reduced by early detection of cervical neoplasm by different screening tests. The main objective of this study was to diagnose cervical diseases by colposcopy, by pap smears for cytological examination as well as correlate these findings as screening tests with histopathological diagnosis. Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, total 143 cases were included. History was taken and clinical examination was done. Colposcopy and VIA test was done, pap smear sample was collected and reporting was made. Cytological findings were correlated with histopathology. Results: Mean age of the study cases was 41.2±11.5 years. VIA test was positive in 98 study cases (68.5%). On colposcopy, most of the cases show neoplastic proliferation (80 cases, 55.9%). Among them, most cases were diagnosed as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-I (CIN-I). Sixty-three (63) cases (44.1%) were non-neoplastic. Most of the biopsies was diagnosed histopathologically as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-I (CIN-I) (20 cases, 14.0%). Association of colposcopy findings with histopathological diagnosis was done which was significant. Sensitivity of diagnosis of cervical malignancy by colposcopy was 33.33% and specificity was 98.57%. Conclusions: The study provides good cyto-histopathology correlation in detecting different cervical lesions and malignancy with colposcopy. Although colposcopy sensitivity was low but it can be increased by adequate training and avoiding technical errors. Bethesda system is strongly recommended for adequacy of sampling to minimize inconsistency. Early and regular screening should be advised for reduction of mortality rates from cervical carcinoma.