Refus et hésitation vis-à-vis de la vaccination anti-COVID-19 à Douala, Cameroun / Refusal and hesitation regarding vaccination against COVID-19 in Douala, Cameroon

Introduction: la vaccination est l'une des stratégies recommandées par l'organisation mondiale de la santé pour réduire le poids de la COVID-19. Cependant, de nombreux pays africains comme le Cameroun présentent de faibles couvertures vaccinales anti-COVID19. Cette étude avait pour objectif d'étudier les raisons de refus de la population de la ville de Douala vis-à-vis de la vaccination contre la COVID-19. Méthodes: l'étude était transversale et analytique et conduite dans la ville de Douala du 10 Février au 31 Mai 2022. Les participants étaient âgés d'au moins 21 ans résidant dans la ville de Douala étaient interviewés. Les mesures d'association entre les variables d'intérêt ont été effectuées à l'aide des tests de Chi-deux et de Fisher avec un intervalle de confiance 95%. Résultats: au total, 1555 personnes avaient été inclues dans l'étude. Seulement 168 (11%) étaient vaccinées. La proportion de refus vaccinal était importante 711 (45,7%), 640 participants soit 41,1% hésitaient alors que 204 personnes soit 13,2% étaient favorable à la vaccination anti-COVID-19. Les raisons principales de refus de vaccination anti-COVID-19 étaient la crainte des effets indésirables 406 (44,8%), le manque d'information sur les vaccins 331 (36.5%) et le manque de confiance 302 (33,3%). Les facteurs associés au refus vaccinal étaient la religion (p=0,026) et le niveau d'étude (p=0,002). Conclusion: cette étude avait révélé la faible couverture vaccinale anti-COVID-19 à Douala avec une proportion importante de refus et hésitation vaccinale. Les stratégies de communications devraient tenir compte des raisons et facteurs associés au refus.

Introduction: vaccination is one of the strategies the World Health Organization recommends to reduce the burden of COVID-19. However, many African countries like Cameroon have low COVID-19 vaccination coverage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reasons for the refusal of the population of the city of Douala to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional and analytical study in Douala from February 10 to May 31, 2022. Participants, aged at least 21 years and residing in the city of Douala, were interviewed. Associations between the variables of interest were measured using Chi-square and Fisher tests, with a 95% confidence interval. Results: a total of 1555 people were included in the study. Only 168 (11%) had been vaccinated. The proportion of vaccine refusal was high, with 711 (45.7%) refusing, 640 participants (41.1%) hesitating, and 204 people (13.2%) being in favor of COVID-19 vaccination. The main reasons for refusing anti-COVID-19 vaccination were fear of adverse effects (406; 44.8%), lack of information about vaccines (331; 36.5%), and lack of confidence (302; 33.3%). Factors associated with vaccine refusal were religion (p=0.026) and level of education (p=0.002). Conclusion: this study revealed low COVID-19 vaccination coverage in Douala, with a significant proportion of refusal and hesitation towards vaccination. Communication strategies should take into account the reasons and factors associated with refusal.

Current situation and influencing factors of HPV vaccine hesitancy among parents of primary and secondary school girls in Guangyuan / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate HPV vaccine hesitancy and influencing factors among parents of primary and secondary schools in Guangyuan, and to provide scientific countermeasures for reducing the hesitancy rate of HPV vaccine in parents. Methods Using stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling, 1,018 parents of girls in primary and secondary schools in Guangyuan were selected for a questionnaire survey from March to July 2021. The data were analyzed by Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression model. Results The hesitancy rate of HPV vaccine in parents was 42.95%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that families with low economic income, parents who believed that HPV vaccination would have long-term side effects, and be unsafe and expensive, and parents who concerned with the effect of HPV vaccine on the prevention of cervical cancer and insufficient supply of first doses of vaccine, had positive effects on HPV vaccine hesitancy (OR = 2.02, 1.44, 3.13, 1.53, 3.76, and 2.43, respectively, P < 0.05). Conclusion HPV vaccine hesitancy rate is high among parents of primary and secondary schools in Guangyuan. It is necessary to fully promote school education and increase the publicity of HPV vaccine to improve parents' awareness of HPV vaccine. Government departments need to make an overall plan to reduce vaccine costs and ensure sufficient vaccine quantity, so as to reduce parents' hesitation to vaccinate their children with HPV vaccine.

Vaccination hesitation in children under five years of age: a scoping review / Vacunación vacuna en niños menores de cinco años: una revisión del alcance / Hesitação vacinal em crianças menores de cinco anos: revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objectives: to synthesize scientific evidence on vaccine hesitancy in children under five years of age and its associated factors. Methods: a scoping review, conducted according to the methodological structure proposed by the JBI. Searches were carried out in the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, Scientific Electronic Library Online and PubMed databases, including gray literature. Studies in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included, without temporal delimitation. Editorials, studies that did not address vaccine hesitancy in children under five years of age and were not aligned with the objective and research question were excluded. The sample consisted of 18 articles. Results: misinformation, concern about adverse effects, distrust about efficacy, affliction regarding administration simultaneously, and insecurity in relation to the laboratories were the reported reasons. Conclusions: strategies are needed to combat the lack of information about immunobiological agents, as misinformation was the main factor in parents' vaccine hesitation.

RESUMEN Objetivos: sintetizar la evidencia científica sobre la reticencia vacunal en menores de cinco años y sus factores asociados. Métodos: revisión de alcance, realizada según la estructura metodológica propuesta por el JBI. Las búsquedas se realizaron en el Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Información en Ciencias de la Salud, Scientific Electronic Library Online y PubMed, incluida la literatura gris. Se incluyeron estudios en inglés, español y portugués, sin delimitación temporal. Se excluyeron editoriales, estudios que no abordaran la reticencia vacunal en menores de cinco años y que no estuvieran alineados con el objetivo y pregunta de investigación. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 18 artículos. Resultados: la desinformación, la preocupación por los efectos adversos, la desconfianza en la eficacia, la angustia por la administración simultánea y la inseguridad por los laboratorios fueron los motivos informados. Conclusiones: se necesitan estrategias para combatir la falta de información sobre inmunobiológicos, ya que la desinformación fue el principal factor en la duda vacunal de los padres.

RESUMO Objetivos: sintetizar evidências científicas sobre hesitação vacinal em crianças menores de cinco anos e seus fatores associados. Métodos: revisão de escopo, conduzida conforme a estrutura metodológica proposta pelo JBI. Realizaram-se buscas nas bases Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde, Scientific Electronic Library Online e PubMed, incluindo literatura cinzenta. Foram incluídos estudos em inglês, espanhol e português, sem delimitação, temporal. Foram excluídos editoriais, estudos que não abordaram hesitação vacinal em menores de cinco anos e não estiveram alinhadas com o objetivo e questão de pesquisa. A amostra foi composta por 18 artigos. Resultados: desinformação, preocupação com efeitos adversos, desconfiança sobre eficácia, aflição quanto à administração simultaneamente e insegurança em relação aos laboratórios foram os motivos relatados. Conclusões: são necessárias estratégias de combate à carência de informações acerca dos imunobiológicos, pois a desinformação foi o fator principal na hesitação vacinal dos pais.

Factors affecting vaccine hesitancy among families with children 2 years old and younger in two urban communities in Manila, Philippines

Objective@#The study aimed to determine the factors that influence vaccine hesitancy among parents and caregivers of children 2 years old and younger in selected urban communities in Manila, Philippines.@*Methodology@#The study used a cross-sectional study design with a modified questionnaire adapted from the SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy. Self-administered surveys were conducted in two highly urbanized barangays (smallest administrative divisions) in Manila, Philippines.@*Results@#The survey was completed by 110 respondents, comprised mostly of 20–39-year-old mothers. Most respondents (95.5%) believed that vaccines are protective however vaccine hesitancy rates among the respondents reached 36.4%. Respondents who believed in the protective nature of vaccines were less likely to report vaccine hesitancy and were nine times less likely to refuse vaccination for their children because of negative media exposure. The main reasons identified for vaccine hesitancy were exposure to negative media information and concerns about vaccine safety. The main negative media information identified by the respondents was related to the dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia®. Health-care workers and political leaders were the main supporters of vaccination in the community.@*Discussion@#The recent events surrounding the Dengvaxia® controversy contributed to a decrease in vaccine confidence. The role of mass media in vaccine hesitancy was highlighted in this study, supporting previous evidence that vaccine hesitant parents tend to be more susceptible to media reports. The lack of association between sociodemographic factors and vaccine hesitancy implies that the determinants of vaccine hesitancy can be highly varied depending on context and setting.