The characteristics and correlations of vaginal flora in women with cervical lesions / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To explore the characteristics and correlations of vaginal flora in women with cervical lesions. Methods: A total of 132 women, including 41 women diagnosed with normal cervical (NC), 39 patients with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 1), 37 patients with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2/3) and 15 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), who came from the gynecological clinic of Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University during January 2018 to June 2018, were enrolled in this study according to the inclusive and exclusive criteria strictly. The vaginal flora was detected by 16S rDNA sequencing technology. Co-occurrence network analysis was used to investigate the Spearman correlations between different genera of bacteria. Results: The dominant bacteria in NC, CIN 1 and CIN 2/3 groups were Lactobacillus [constituent ratios 79.4% (1 869 598/2 354 098), 63.6% (1 536 466/2 415 100) and 58.3% (1 342 896/2 301 536), respectively], while Peptophilus [20.4% (246 072/1 205 154) ] was the dominant bacteria in SCC group. With the aggravation of cervical lesions, the diversity of vaginal flora gradually increased (Shannon index: F=6.39, P=0.001; Simpson index: F=3.95, P=0.012). During the cervical lesion progress, the ratio of Lactobacillus gradually decreased, the ratio of other anaerobes such as Peptophilus, Sneathia, Prevotella and etc. gradually increased, and the differential bacteria (LDA score >3.5) gradually evolved from Lactobacillus to other anaerobes. The top 10 relative abundance bacteria, spearman correlation coefficient>0.4 and P<0.05 were selected. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that Prevotella, Peptophilus, Porphyrinomonas, Anaerococcus, Sneathia, Atopobium, Gardnerella and Streptococcus were positively correlated in different stages of cervical lesions, while Lactobacillus was negatively correlated with the above anaerobes. It was found that the relationship between vaginal floras in CIN 1 group was the most complex and only Peptophilus was significantly negatively correlated with Lactobacillus in SCC group. Conclusions: The increased diversity and changed correlations between vaginal floras are closely related to cervical lesions. Peptophilus is of great significance in the diagnosis, prediction and early warning of cervical carcinogenesis.

Evaluation of the vaginal microflora of women of reproductive age / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

Background@#The knowledge about the normal and abnormal vaginal microbiome has changed over the last years. The normal and the abnormal vaginal microbiota are complex ecosystems of more than 200 bacterial species influenced by genes, ethnic background and environmental and behavioral factors. Major changes in the vaginal physiology and microbiota over a woman’s lifetime are largely shaped by transitional periods such as puberty, menopause and pregnancy. Many studies have shown that bacterial vaginitis (BV) has an increased risk of preterm birth, miscarriage, premature rupture of membran, and postpartum uterine inflammation and sepsis. To assess different bacterial and epidemiological factors associations with increased vaginal pH in the women of reproductive age.@*Methods@#In the 1st Health center of Bayanzurkh district hospital, 100 non-pregnant women were randomly selected between 18-45 years of age. Women were submitted to an interview, vaginal examination and vaginal specimen collection for pH measurement and microscopy. Descriptive statistics are reported for the vaginal pH according to a specially designed survey card, the survey respondents assessed the status of the mother’s health.@*Results@#The non pregnant group studied herein were mostly young adults with ages in the age range 25-29 (32.0; 32%, mean±SD: 29.1±5.7) years. The vaginal pH mean in non-pregnant women was 4.5±0.5. Elevated vaginal pH was signicantly associated with bacterial vaginosis (p < 0.001), and bacterial vaginosis flora (p < 0.001). 162 of 200 women (81%) had an increased vaginal pH. 65,8% of participants in research were normal nugent score.@*Conclusion@#In non-pregnant women, the vaginal pH mean was 4.5 ± 0.5. Changes in vaginal pH are statistically significant with age, and clinical manifestations. /р<0.05/. The human vaginal ecosystem is a dynamic environment in which microbes can affect host physiology but also where host physiology can affect the composition and function of the vaginal microbiota.

Effect of oral / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effects of intervention with oral probiotic @*METHODS@#This study were conducted among 155 women in the third trimester of pregnancy with positive results of GBS culture in the Outpatient Department of Zhujiang Hospital from March to November, 2019. After excluding 32 patients who received lactobacillus intervention for less than 2 weeks or underwent postpartum GBS retesting, the women were divided into oral probiotics intervention group (60 cases) and non-intervention group (63 cases). According to the results of GBS retesting, the 60 women in the intervention group were divided into GBS-negative group (18 cases) and persistent GBS-positive group (42 cases). At the end of the intervention, the rates of negative GBS culture result were calculated and the pregnancy outcomes were compared. From 5 women randomly selected from the intervention group, samples of vaginal secretions were collected before and after the intervention for amplicon sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.@*RESULTS@#At the end of the intervention, the GBS-negative rate in the intervention group was 30% (18/60), as compared with 23% (3/13) in the non-intervention group. Probiotic intervention significantly reduced the incidence of premature rupture of membranes (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Intervention with oral probiotics can reduce vaginal GBS colonization in late pregnancy and improve the pregnancy outcome.

Correlation of cervical cancer with vaginal flora disorders and high expression of PD-1 molecules / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To investigate the correlation of the occurrence and development of cervical cancer with the disturbance of vaginal flora and the expression of programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) molecules on the surface of T cells in order to provide new direction for PD-1 immune checkpoint blocking therapy. Methods: Twenty-four female SPF Kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups: normal control group (CON) (n=12) and cervical cancer model group (CCM) (n=12). We established the mouse cervical cancer U14 cell subcutaneous transplantation tumor model. After 21 days of rearing under the same conditions, vaginal secretions and blood samples of mice were collected. 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing technology were used to analyze the vaginal flora in the two groups. Flow cytometry was used to detect the subsets of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of mice and the expression of PD-1 on its surface. Results: Beta diversity analysis showed that the vaginal flora of the CON group and the CCM group were significantly different in species composition and relative abundance of each species. The dominant bacteria in the CON group were Lactobacillus, while the figure in the CCM group converted to Pasteurella and Helicobacter. The mean expression of PD-1 on the surface of T cells in mice in the CCM group was 12.78%, which was significantly higher than that in the CON group (10.45%) (P<0.05). The mean of the total number of T cells (CD3+T cells) and the number of CD8+T cells in the CCM group were 38.78% and 11.98%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the CON group (51.37% and 20.08%) (P<0.05). Conclusion: Cervical cancer can cause vaginal flora disorder. There may be a certain correlation between the vaginal flora disorder and the high expression of PD-1 on the surface of T cells, suggesting that there may be a new regulatory mechanism for the immune escape in cervical cancer.

Gynaecological bacterial infections: the physical and psychosocial consequences and challenges of management in resource-limited settings

Gynecological bacterial infections (GBIs) are prevalent in our environment and as a result pose a number of physical, social and psychological consequences. These infections are acquired through several ways. Treating GBIs is a daunting task making its control the most important strategy to alleviating its physical and psychosocial consequences. To highlight the physical, social, and psychological consequences of gynaecological bacterial infections in our resource limited setting. To highlight the hugely unresolved challenges associated with the management of gynecological bacterial infections in our resource-limited setting. Several databases (Medline, Google Scholar, Pubmed, WHO’s Hinari and Wikipedia) and some selected websites were searched using the following keywords: gynecological infections, vaginal infections and discharges, vaginal flora, sexually transmitted infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, syndromic management and challenges, psychosocial consequences, alternative medicine. A total of 5470 relevant articles were obtained between 1947 and 2018. Out of these only 256 relevant articles on the topic were reviewed. However, 213 were dropped for having an incomplete submission. Forty-three (43) articles were fully accessed and referenced. The high prevalence of GBIs poses a lot of burden on the reproductive and socio-economic lives of our women. This should be matched by behavioral changes, prompt diagnosis and early treatment; facilitated by accessible and affordable health care through improved government funding.

Identifying probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus crispatus isolated from the vagina

Lactobacilli prevent overproduction of pathogenic microorganisms and contribute protecting vaginal microbiota. Many probiotic microorganisms are categorized as Lactic Acid Bacteria. In this study, it was aimed identifying probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus crispatus isolated from the vagina of a healthy woman. For this purpose, lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide and proteolytic activity quantities and auto-aggregation, co-aggregation and hydrophobicity abilities of Lactobacillus crispatus, which has been isolated and identified by 16s rRNA sequence analysis, were determined. Additionally, bile salt and acid resistance, along with antibiotic susceptibility of Lactobacillus crispatus were analyzed by the end of 3 hours. Lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide and proteolytic activity quantities of Lactobacillus crispatus were measured 2.275%, 0.334±0.075 µg/mL and 2.131±0,000 mg/mL respectively. The findings include existence of co-aggregation and auto-aggregation ability, but not hydrophobicity. By the end of 3 hours, the viability was preserved in 0.1% and 0.3% bile salt medium and, at pH 3. L. crispatus exhibited resistance to methicillin, metronidazole, oxacillin, and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim, but the bacteria exhibited susceptibility to tested the other antibiotics. This study will make an important contribution to the literature about probiotic characteristics of L. crispatus and our strain isolated from the vagina might be considered as a candidate probiotic.

Comparison of real-time quantitative PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing for detection of female vaginal microbiome / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective: To compare the differences in the composition of female vaginal flora by real-time quantitative PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing. Methods: Forty-nine healthy reproductive women less than 45 years old were selected. Specimens were collected from posterior fornix. DNA were extracted and the microbiome were ananlyzed by both 16S rDNA V1V2 region sequencing and qPCR of 22 selected genes. The results detected by two methods were compared. Results: According to the classification standard of vaginal community state type (CSTs), qPCR analysis showed that 35 out of 49 samples were dominated by Lactobacillus species, among them, type I (Lactobacillus crispatus, 9), type III (Lactobacillus iners, 24), type IV (no Lactobacillus as the dominant bacteria, 12), type V (Lactobacillus jensenii, 2). 16S rDNA V1V2 region sequence analysis showed that of the 49 samples, 13 belonged to type I, type II (1), type III (23), type IV (8), type V (2). Two methods of vaginal flora classification were consistent for 38 cases, consistent rate was 77.6%. Conclusion: Two methods analysis of vaginal flora showed the different results. If qPCR was used to classify the vaginal microbiome, it was necessary to consider the influence of relevant technical factors on the results.

Comparison of real-time quantitative PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing for detection of female vaginal microbiome / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To compare the differences in the composition of female vaginal flora by real-time quantitative PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing.Methods·Forty-nine healthy reproductive women less than 45 years old were selected.Specimens were collected from posterior fornix.DNA were extracted and the microbiome were ananlyzed by both 16S rDNA V1V2 region sequencing and qPCR of 22 selected genes.The results detected by two methods were compared.Results·According to the classification standard of vaginal community state type (CSTs),qPCR analysis showed that 35 out of 49 samples were dominated by Lactobacillus species,among them,type Ⅰ (Lactobacillus crispatus,9),type Ⅲ (Lactobacillus iners,24),type Ⅳ (no Lactobacillus as the dominant bacteria,12),type Ⅴ (Lactobacillusjensenii,2).16S rDNA V1V2 region sequence analysis showed that of the 49 samples,13 belonged to type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ (1),type Ⅲ (23),type Ⅳ (8),type Ⅴ (2).Two methods of vaginal flora classification were consistent for 38 cases,consistent rate was 77.6％.Conclusion·Two methods analysis of vaginal flora showed the different results.If qPCR was used to classify the vaginal microbiome,it was necessary to consider the influence of relevant technical factors on the results.

Can the Pessary Use Modify the Vaginal Microbiological Flora? A Cross-sectional Study / O uso de pessário vaginal pode alterar a flora microbiológica? Um estudo transversal

Abstract Introduction Vaginal pessary is used as a conservative treatment for pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Some studies have shown that common complaints of its use may include vaginal discomfort and increased vaginal discharge. Scant information is available about the microflora status after using this device. Objective To determine if the usage of vaginal pessary can interfere with the vaginal environment. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed from March of 2014 to July of 2015 including 90 women with POP. The study group was composed of 45 women users of vaginal pessary and 45 nom-users. All enrolled women answered a standardized questionnaire and were subjected to a gynecological exam to collect vaginal samples for microbiological evaluation under optic microscopy. Clinical and microbiological data were compared between study and control groups. Results Vaginal discharge was confirmed in 84% of the study group versus 62.2% in the control group (p< 0.01); itching was reported in 20 and 2.2%, respectively (p< .05); genital ulcers were only found in the pessary group (20%). There was no difference with regard to the type of vaginal flora. Bacterial vaginosis was prevalent in the study group (31.1% study group versus 22.2% control group), (p=.34). Conclusion Women using vaginal pessaries for POP treatment presented more vaginal discharge, itching and genital ulcers than non-users.

Resumo Introdução O pessário vaginal é utilizado como tratamento conservador para o prolapso de órgãos pélvicos (POP). Alguns estudos demonstraram que as queixas mais comuns do seu uso são o desconforto vaginal e um aumento do fluxo vaginal. As informações são escassas a respeito do que ocorre com a microflora vaginal após o uso do pessário. Objetivo Determinar se o uso do pessário pode interferir com o ambiente vaginal. Métodos Um estudo transversal realizado de março de 2014 a julho de 2015 com 90 mulheres com POP; metade delas usaram pessário e a outra metade permaneceu como grupo controle. Todas preencheram um questionário e realizaram exame ginecológico para coleta de amostras vaginais para análise microbiológica. Dados clínicos e microbiológicos foram comparados entre os grupos de estudo e de controle. Resultados O fluxo vaginal foi confirmado em 84% das mulheres do grupo de estudo versus 62,2% do grupo de controle (p< 0,01); prurido foi encontrado em 20 e 2,2%, respectivamente (p< 0,05). As úlceras genitais foram somente encontradas no grupo pessário (20%). Não houve diferenças com relação ao tipo de flora vaginal. A vaginose bacteriana fora encontrada em 31,1% das mulheres do grupo de estudo versus 22,2% do grupo de controle (p= 0,34). Conclusão Mulheres usando pessários vaginais para tratamento do POP apresentaram maior fluxo vaginal, prurido e úlcera genital do que as não usuárias do dispositivo.

Clinical and microbiologic characteristics of vulvovaginitis in Korean prepubertal girls, 2009-2014: a single center experience

OBJECTIVE: To update information on the clinical and microbiologic characteristics of pediatric vulvovaginitis in Korean prepubertal girls. METHODS: A total of 120 girls (aged 0 to 9 years) with culture-confirmed pediatric vulvovaginitis, diagnosed between 2009 and 2014, were enrolled in the study. The epidemiologic and microbiologic characteristics, and clinical outcomes were assessed. Patients with sexual precocity, as well as those who were referred for suspected sexual abuse, were excluded. RESULTS: Girls aged 4 to 6 years were at the highest risk of pediatric vulvovaginitis. Seasonal distribution indicated obvious peaks in summer and winter. Of the 120 subjects, specific pathogens were identified in the genital specimens in only 20 cases (16.7%). Streptococcus pyogenes (n=12, 60%) was the leading cause of specific vulvovaginitis. Haemophilus influenzae was isolated in one patient. No cases presented with enteric pathogens, such as Shigella or Yersinia. A history of recent upper respiratory tract infection, swimming, and bubble bath use was reported in 37.5%, 15.8%, and 10.0% of patients, respectively. Recent upper respiratory tract infection was not significantly correlated with the detection of respiratory pathogens in genital specimens (P>0.05). Of 104 patients who underwent perineal hygienic care, 80 (76.9%) showed improvement of symptoms without antibiotic treatment. Furthermore, the efficacy of hygienic care was not significantly different between patients with or without specific pathogens (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Specific pathogens were only found in 16.7% of pediatric vulvovaginitis cases. Our results indicate an excellent outcome with hygienic care, irrespective of the presence of specific pathogens.

Risk Factors for Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight Among Pregnant Indian Women: A Hospital-based Prospective Study / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: The present study was undertaken to study the maternal risk factors for preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) with a special emphasis on assessing the proportions of maternal genitourinary and periodontal infections among Indian women and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: A hospital-based prospective study comprising 790 pregnant women visiting the obstetrics clinic for a routine antenatal check-up was undertaken. Once recruited, all study participants underwent clinical and microbiological investigations for genitourinary infections followed by a dental check-up for the presence of periodontitis. The study participants were followed up until their delivery to record the pregnancy outcomes. Infectious and non-infectious risk factors for PTB and LBW were assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Independent risk factors for PTB and LBW were reported in terms of adjusted relative risk (ARR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Rates of PTB and LBW in the study population were 7.6% and 11.4%, respectively. Previous preterm delivery (ARR, 5.37; 95% CI, 1.5 to 19.1), periodontitis (ARR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.9), Oligohydramnios (ARR, 5.23; 95% CI, 2.4 to 11.5), presence of Nugent’s intermediate vaginal flora (ARR, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.4 to 5.1), gestational diabetes mellitus (ARR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.0 to 8.3), and maternal height <1.50 m (ARR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.1) were risk factors for PTB, while periodontitis (ARR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.6 to 6.9), gestational hypertension (ARR, 3.70; 95% CI, 1.3 to 10.8), maternal height <1.50 m (ARR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.3 to 5.1) and genital infection during later stages of pregnancy (ARR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.2 to 6.1) were independent risk factors for LBW. CONCLUSIONS: Our study findings underscore the need to consider screening for potential genitourinary and periodontal infections during routine antenatal care in developing countries.

Flora vaginal anormal y resultado perinatal adverso / Abnormal vaginal flora and adverse perinatal outcome

El parto pretérmino y sus complicaciones constituyen uno de los problemas más relevantes en el campo de la atención perinatológica. Se ha demostrado su estrecha relación con la infección intraútero, de manera que las alteraciones de la flora vaginal son la puerta de entrada. El objetivo de esta revisión es actualizar a la comunidad médica de esta disciplina en la necesidad de identificar la vaginosis bacteriana y la vaginitis aeróbica, tanto en el nivel primario de atención como en el secundario, lo cual permitirá realizar acciones preventivas y terapéuticas en la etapa preconcepcional, a fin de minimizar las infecciones intraútero y su relación con el nacimiento pretérmino, así como las complicaciones a corto y largo plazo. Se concluye que el diagnóstico de ambas afecciones necesita de un control preventivo y terapéutico para la reducción de las complicaciones perinatales.

Preterm birth and its complications are one of the most important problems in the field of perinatology care. Its close relationship with intrauterine infection has been demonstrated, so that changes of vaginal flora are the gateway. The purpose of this review is to update the medical community of this specialty on the need for identifying bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis, both at the primary and secondary care, allowing to perform preventive and therapeutic actions on the preconception stage, in order to minimize intrauterine infections and their relation to preterm birth and complications in the short and long term. It is concluded that the diagnosis of both conditions requires a preventive and therapeutic control for reducing perinatal complications.

Perfil de la flora bacteriana vaginal: Un riesgo potencial para la reproducción de vacas criollo limonero / Profile of vaginal bacterial flora: A potential risk for reproduction in criollo limonero cows

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la población bacteriana vaginal de la vaca Criollo Limonero. Se tomaron muestras que consistieron en hisopados por duplicado a nivel del fornix de la vagina anterior, las cuales se sometieron a cultivos bacterianos en ambiente aerobio/anaerobio y pruebas bioquímicas convencionales para el aislamiento. De 102 hisopados se lograron 55 crecimientos (53,9%) y 47 sin crecimiento (46,1%). Los 55 crecimientos se distribuyeron de varias maneras: 23 (41,82%) aerobios y 32 (58,18%) anaerobios; 29 (52,72%) aislamientos puros y 26 (47,27%) aislamientos mixtos. Las bacterias Gram positivas predominaron (81,82 y 73,08%), con respecto a las Gram negativas (18,18 y 26,92%), tanto en aerobiosis como en anaerobiosis, respectivamente. Las bacterias más aisladas fueron Arcanobacterium pyogenes (22,92%), Staphilococcus aureus (15,63%), Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo (17,71%), Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (6,25%), Bacteroides spp. (13,54%) y Peptostreptococcus spp. (7,29%). En conclusión, se identificaron las bacterias que forman parte de la flora bacteriana vaginal de la vaca Criollo Limonero, su distribución en cuanto a especie, género, exigencia de oxígeno, tipo de aislamiento, tinción de Gram y potencial de patogenicidad son discutidos.

The objective of the current study was to determine the population of vaginal bacteria in Criollo Limonero cows. Two swabs from every cow were taken at the level of the fornix for bacterial isolation with biochemical test. From 102 swabs, 55 achieved bacterial growth (53.9%) and 47 did not get to any bacterial growth (46.1%). The 55 samples that achieved bacterial growth were distributed as follows: 23 (41.82%) aerobic bacteria and 32 (58.18%) anaerobic bacteria; 29 (52.72%) pure isolations and 26 (47.27%) mixed isolations. Gram positive bacteria were predominant (81.82 and 73.08%) compared to Gram negative bacteria (18.18 y 26.92%), both in aerobic and anaerobic media, respectively. Predominant bacteria were Arcanobacterium pyogenes (22.92%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.63%), Staphylococcus coagulase negative (17.71%), Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (6.25%), Bacteroides spp. (13.54%) and Peptostreptococcus spp. (7.29%). In conclusion, vaginal bacterial flora from Criollo Limonero cows were identified, in reference to the distribution of their specie, genus, oxygen requirements, type of isolation, Gram stain and potential pathogenic capacity were discussed.

Risk factors for bacterial vaginosis among Indonesian women.

Aim To identify risk factors for bacterial vaginosis (BV) among Indonesian women. Methods This is a cross sectional study involving 492 women with age ranged 15-50 years. Vaginal discharge was collected. Whiff test and Nugent scoring were utilized to identify BV. Settings are Puskesmas Karawang, Pedes, Cikampek,Tempuran, Batalyon 201 Clinic Cijantung, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia and Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Results Age of the subjects were 15-25 years old (26,8%), 26 – 40 years old (59,1%), and > 40 years old (14%). The mean age was 30.9 years. Marital status of the subjects were not-married (16,9%), married (76,4%), married more than once (6,7%). Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in this study was 30.7% according to Nugent’s score. Age >40 years old (OR=3,15 IK 95% = 1,15-1,48) and uncircumcised couple (OR=6,25, IK 95% = 2,54 - 15,38) were independently and signifi cantly associated with incidence of BV (p<0.05) Conclusions Prevalence of BV in this study was 30.7%. Determinant risk factors of BV were age and uncircumcised sexual partner.

Flora vaginal en adolescentes con embarazo a término y su relación con rotura prematura de membranas / Vaginal flora in pregnant adolescents with membrane premature failure

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la relación existente entre flora vaginal y rotura prematura de membranas, en adolescentes embarazadas que acudieron a la consulta prenatal de la Maternidad “Dr. Armando Castillo Plaza” (MACP), perteneciente al Servicio Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo. El diseño de este estudio fue explicativo, cuasi experimental. La población y muestra estuvo representada por 80 adolescentes embarazadas, en el último trimestre de gestación. El método de recolección de datos estuvo constituido por una entrevista personalizada y los datos fueron recogidos en un formulario conformado por preguntas abiertas. A todas las pacientes se les tomó muestra para cultivo de secreción vaginal identificándose la flora vaginal presente. Como resultados obtenidos se tuvo que la población mayormente afectada fueron las adolescentes mayores de 17 años; iniciando su actividad sexual entre los 15 y 17 años, las cuales viven en concubinato y pertenecen al Nivel V según Graffar. El diagnóstico de RPM se realizó a través de la maniobra de Tarnier y el Test de Nitrazina, con un periodo de latencia de 6-12 horas, la edad gestacional estuvo entre las 37-38 semanas. Los microorganismos reportados fueron bacilos Gram positivos en un 46%, combinación de bacilos Gram positivos y Gram negativos en el 16%, levaduras en el 15%, bacilos Gram negativos 8% y virus de papiloma humano (VPH) 3%. El cultivo de secreción vaginal fue positivo en el 57% de los casos, siendo Candida albicans el microorganismo predominante (25%). Se concluye que existe relación entre la flora vaginal patógena y RPM en las adolescentes con embarazo a término.

The objective of this work was to determine the existing relation between vaginal flora and membrane premature failure, in pregnant adolescents who went to the consultation of Maternity “Dr. Armando Castillo Plaza” (MACP), pertaining to the Independent Service University Hospital of Maracaibo. The design of this study was explanatory, cuasi experimental. The population was represented by 80 pregnant adolescents, in the last trimester of gestation. The method of data collection was constituted by a customized interview and the data were gathered in a form conformed by open questions. All the patients were taken vaginal secretion culture identifying the vaginal flora present. As obtained results it were had population mainly affected was the greater adolescents of 17 years; initiating its sexual activity between the 15 and 17 years, which live in concubines and belong at Level V according to Graffar. The diagnose of MPF was made through the maneuver of Tanier and Test of Nitrazina with a period of 6-12 latency hours; the gestacional age was between the 37-38 weeks. The reported microorganisms were Gram positive bacilli in a 46%, combination of Gram positive and Gram negative bacilli in 16%, yeast in 15%, bacilli Gram negative 8% and human papiloma virus (HPV) 3%. Vaginal secretion culture was positive in 57% of the cases, being Candida albicans predominant microorganism (25%). One concludes that relation between the pathogenic vaginal flora exists and MPF in the adolescents with pregnancy upon maturity.