Hisopado endocervical en mujeres con síntomas de COVID-19 provenientes de departamentos del Paraguay / Endocervical swabbing in women with COVID-19 symptoms from departments of Paraguay

INTRODUCCIÓN: El COVID-19 es eminentemente una infección de transmisión e inicio respiratorio, se discute la existencia de otras fuentes de contagio. El receptor viral ACE2 también ha sido detectado en el útero y en la vagina; de allí se ha planteado el compromiso del virus SARS-CoV-2 sobre el sistema genitourinario y sus posibles repercusiones en el embarazo. OBJETIVO: Determinar la presencia de SARS-CoV-2 en muestras endocervicales de mujeres con COVID-19 en departamentos del Paraguay. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Diseño observacional prospectivo, de corte transverso. Se reclutaron 200 mujeres desde agosto 2020 hasta febrero 2021, con no más de 48/72 h de un resultado previo positivo de hisopado nasofaríngeo para SARS-CoV-2 por retrotranscriptasa reversa-reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (en inglés rt-RT-PCR) y que aceptaron ingresar al estudio. Se llenó un cuestionario clínico epidemiológico. Las tomas de muestras se realizaron en servicios de salud del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social (MSP y BS), domicilios y albergues de los distintos departamentos de Paraguay. Cada paciente fue sometida a un hisopado con hisopos de dacron o citobrush endocervical para la detección de SARS-CoV-2 por rt RT-PCR. Resultados: Las mujeres estudiadas tenían una edad media de 46,5 años (IC 95% 31,5-62,5). Refirieron contagio comunitario con SARS-CoV-2 en 75,5%, 13,5% en el hogar, 8,5% en el lugar de trabajo y 1,5% en el extranjero. Las manifestaciones clínicas fueron: 30%, síndrome gripal, fiebre 22,5%, tos 20%, anosmia 15,5%, trastornos digestivos 15,5%, y otros se presentaron con menor frecuencia. Las muestras de hisopados o citobrush endocervical sometidas a rt-RT-PCR para la deteccción de SARS Cov-2, resultaron negativas en las 200 mujeres de estudio. Discusión: Cabe destacar que las muestras vaginales fueron tomadas dentro de las 24-72 h de haber obtenido un resultado positivo para SARS-CoV-2 en el hisopado nasofaríngeo y que 62,5% de las mujeres se encontraban internadas en módulos respiratorios. Se discute la razón de la negatividad de los exámenes y su trascendencia. CONCLUSIÓN: No se detectó infección con SARS-CoV-2 en la región endocervical de 200 mujeres con manifestaciones clínicas de COVID 19 y evaluadas dentro de las 48/72 h de un resultado positivo nasofaríngeo para SARS Cov-2. Los resultados en la población de estudio concuerdan con otros estudios reportados en la literatura científica.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is an eminently respiratory transmissible infection of respiratory initiation, the existence of other sources of contagion is discussed. The ACE2 viral receptor has also been detected in the uterus and vagina; Hence, the involvement of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the genitourinary system and its possible repercussions on pregnancy has been raised. AIM: To determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in endocervical samples of women with COVID-19 in the departments of Paraguay. METHODS: Designed as a prospective observational of transverse cohort. Two hundred women were recruited from August 2020 to February 2021, with no more than 48/72 hours of a previous positive nasopharyngeal swab result for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-RT-PCR) and who agreed to participate in the study. A clinical epidemiological questionnaire was completed. The samples were taken in health services of the MSPYBS (Public Ministry of Health and Social Welfare), homes and shelters in the different departments of Paraguay. Each patient underwent a swab (dacron swabs) or endocervical cytobrush for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by rt-RT-PCR. RESULTS: Women recruited had a mean age of 46.5 years (95% CI 31,562.5). They reported contagion with SARS-CoV-2: 75.5% in the community, 13.5% at home, 8.5% in the place of work and 1.5% abroad. The clinical manifestations were: 30% flu syndrome, 22.5% fever, 20% cough, 15.5% anosmia, 15.5% digestive disorders, among other symptoms. The swabs or endocervical cytobrush samples subjected to rt-RT-PCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 were negative in the 200 study women. Discussion: It should be noted that the vaginal samples were taken within 24-72 hours after obtaining a positive result for SARS-CoV-2 in the nasopharyngeal swab and that 62.5% of the women were hospitalized in respiratory modules. The reason for the negativity of the exams and their significance are discussed. CONCLUSION: No SARS Cov-2 infection was detected in the endocervical region of 200 women with clinical manifestations of COVID 19 and evaluated within 48/72 hours of a positive nasopharyngeal result for SARS Cov-2. The results in the study population agree with the findings of other studies reported in the literature.

Relation between CANDIDA species isolated from vaginal mucosa and lesions caused by high-risk human papillomavirus hpv for cervical cancer

This study characterized and related yeasts of the genus Candida isolated from vaginal mucous membranes of women with lesions caused by high-risk HPV for cervical cancer. Forty-two women treated at the Lower Genital Tract Pathology Clinic of the University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital of Clinics were examined, with 30 high-grade (G1) uterine lesions with a mean age of 36.5 years ± 11. 1 and 12 with low grade (G2) uterine lesions with a mean age of 34.7 years ± 15.5. Clinical conditions and laboratory data on HPV were collected from patients' medical records; the socio-demographic data obtained from an appropriate questionnaire. For the study of association between the variables, Odds Ratio analysis was used from the STATA 13.1 program. Patients G1 had a higher prevalence for diabetes and the results indicated 27% prevalence of Candida spp. in vaginal mucosa, in G2 this was 33% in vaginal mucosa. Among the species found in vaginal mucosa of patients, Candida albicans was the most isolated with 88%, followed by C. tropicalis (8%) and C. glabrata (4%). The strains of C. albicans isolated from mucosa presented sensitivity to all antifungal agents tested, unlike the C. tropicalis strain isolated in G2 in vaginal mucosa, which presented a resistance profile to fluconazole. Thus, monitoring and supervision through clinical and laboratory testing of HPV patients is important, reinforcing the need for care, treatment and prevention of HPV-related infections and Candida spp.

Queratosis seborreica en el fondo de saco de Douglas: reporte de un caso / Seborrheic keratoses in the recto-uterine pouch: Case report

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: Existen pocos reportes de neoplasias epiteliales con apariencia escamosa originadas en el cuello uterino o la vagina. Estas lesiones se clasifican, por su similitud morfológica, en lesiones similares a queratosis seborreica. Cuando ésta aparece en la mucosa de la vulva o vagina debe establecerse la diferenciación con lesiones intraepiteliales escamosas de bajo y alto grado. OBJETIVO: Describir un caso de queratosis seborreica en el saco de Douglas. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 70 años, con pérdida involuntaria de orina con los esfuerzos; se le colocó una cinta suburetral para resolver este problema. Durante el procedimiento se detectó una lesión en la mucosa vaginal, a las seis del reloj, en el fondo del saco de Douglas, de 1.2 x 1 cm, color pardo y consistencia blanda. Durante el procedimiento se tomó una muestra para estudio histopatológico que se reportó como: epidermis con marcada hiperqueratosis, acantosis regular, ensanchamiento y anastomosis de las crestas con formación de perlas córneas, dermis con infiltrado inflamatorio crónico perivascular, negativo para malignidad. Se estableció el diagnóstico de queratosis seborreica hipertrófica, positiva para tinción de P16 que orientó a infección de virus del papiloma. El tratamiento fue: escisión con evolución satisfactoria y seguimiento. CONCLUSIONES: La queratosis seborreica en el fondo de saco de Douglas se reporta de manera excepcional, su comportamiento es benigno y casi siempre se asocia con tipos de virus del papiloma humano de bajo riesgo.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Thera are few repots of intraepithelial neoplasms with origins in the cervix or vagina with squamous appearance. This kind of lesions have been classified because of their morphologic similarities, in the category of "seborrheic keratoses like". When seborrheic keratoses appears in the vaginal or vulvar mucosa, it has to be differentiated from low and high grade intraepithelial squamous lesions. OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of seborrheic keratoses in the recto-uterine pouch. CLINICAL CASE: 70 years old patient, who underwent surgery for stress urinary incontinence with a sub-urethral sling. During the procedure, a lesion in the vaginal mucosa was detected, specifically in the recto-uterine pouch, of 1.2 x 1 cm length, with a light brown color and soft consistency. A specimen was taken from the lesion during the procedure for histopathological study, which reported: hyperkeratosis in the epidermis, regular acanthosis, thickening and anastomosis of the crests with formation of corneal pearls, dermis with inflammatory, chronic, perivascular infiltration, with no signs of malignancy. The diagnosis was hypertrophic seborrheic keratoses, positive for P16 stain which orients to HPV infection. The lesion was removed and the patient continued follow up with her primary care provider. CONCLUSIONS: Seborrheic keratoses in this location is uncommon, with few reports in literature. These lesions are usually benign and are associated to HPV of low risk.

Progress of vaginal constraction / 中华整形外科杂志

With the development of social economy and the progress of medical technology, more and more women begin to accept vaginal contraction due to the harmony of sexual life. Now, surgical procedures for vaginal contraction includes resection of posterior vaginal mucosa, contraction without injury of vaginal mucosa, and contraction with embedded vaginal thread. This review aims to summurize the anatomic structure of vagina and the mechanism of vaginal relaxation, as well as the basic operative methods and development of vaginal contraction. The related literature on vaginal contraction at home and abroad was summarized. Different surgical methods have their own advantages and disadvantages.

Preconstruction of the pars pendulans urethrae for phalloplasty with vaginal mucosa in female to male transsexuals / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To investigate the feasibility of urethral prefabrication with vaginal mucosa in female-to-male transsexuals and to compare the urologic complications after penile reconstruction in female-to-male transsexuals between prefabrication group and forearm group.Methods Prefabrication of the neourethra with tubed vaginal mucosal graft was performed for 22 female-to-male transsexual patients from 2007 to 2016,while radial forearm flap,known as the traditional tube-within-tube method,was used to construct the neourethra for other 31 cases.Results All of the reconstructed penises survived completely and allowed the patients to urinate while standing in the prefabrication group.Phalloplasty by using the vaginal mucosal graft for urethroplasty significantly decreased the donor scar,the duration of the second operation and the incidence rates of urologic strictures,comparing with the forearm group (P＜0.05).Conclusions It is reliable to use the prefabrication of the neourethra with tubed vaginal mucosal graft in phalloplasty female-to-male transsexual patients.

Treatment of Total Symblepharon Using Vaginal Mucosa

A 51-year-old female patient who has had pemphigoid since 110 years ago visited Seoul National University Hospital with the chief complaint of ocular pain and bilateral cilia touching the cornea. Her visual acuity was light sense in the right eye and finger count/1Ocm in the left eye. She had bilateral severe trichiasis, entropion, corneal opacity and total symblepharon. Bilateral symblepharon lysis and mucous membrane graft with buccal mucosa was done Left side was successful, but in the right side, there was hyperplastic proliferation of the grafted buccal mucosa and recurrence of the symblepharon. We performed symblepharon lysis and mucous membrane graft using vaginal mucosa in the right eye. Grafted vaginal mucosa looked healthy and no recurrence of symblepharon ocurred during the follow-up period of 1 year. We would like to suggest that if there is no available oral mucosa, mucous membrane graft can be done with vaginal mucosa in female patient.

Treatment of Total Symblepharon Using Vaginal Mucosa

A 51-year-old female patient who has had pemphigoid since 110 years ago visited Seoul National University Hospital with the chief complaint of ocular pain and bilateral cilia touching the cornea. Her visual acuity was light sense in the right eye and finger count/1Ocm in the left eye. She had bilateral severe trichiasis, entropion, corneal opacity and total symblepharon. Bilateral symblepharon lysis and mucous membrane graft with buccal mucosa was done Left side was successful, but in the right side, there was hyperplastic proliferation of the grafted buccal mucosa and recurrence of the symblepharon. We performed symblepharon lysis and mucous membrane graft using vaginal mucosa in the right eye. Grafted vaginal mucosa looked healthy and no recurrence of symblepharon ocurred during the follow-up period of 1 year. We would like to suggest that if there is no available oral mucosa, mucous membrane graft can be done with vaginal mucosa in female patient.

A case of Cutaneous focal mucinosis in the vaginal mucosa / 대한피부과학회지

A solitary, asymptomatic lesion, clinically resembling a transpare it cyst, has been present for 4 months in the vaginal mucosa of a 43-year-old healthy woman. An xcisional biopsy revealed the lesion to be a focal accumulatition of hyaluronic acid replacing the collagen fibers and fibroblastic proliferation in the dermis consistant with cutaneous focal mucinosis. During the follow-up period for 3 months, no recurrence was observed.

A case of Cutaneous focal mucinosis in the vaginal mucosa / 대한피부과학회지

A solitary, asymptomatic lesion, clinically resembling a transpare it cyst, has been present for 4 months in the vaginal mucosa of a 43-year-old healthy woman. An xcisional biopsy revealed the lesion to be a focal accumulatition of hyaluronic acid replacing the collagen fibers and fibroblastic proliferation in the dermis consistant with cutaneous focal mucinosis. During the follow-up period for 3 months, no recurrence was observed.