Bases anatómicas y aplicación clínica inicial del abordaje glissoniano intrahepático en las hepatectomías / Anatomical bases and initial clinical application of the intrahepatic Glissonian approach in hepatectomies / Bases anatômicas e aplicação clínica inicial da abordagem glissoniana intra-hepática em hepatectomias

Introducción: El control pedicular durante las resecciones hepáticas puede hacerse mediante disección hiliar extrahepática (DHE) o abordaje glissoniano (AG). El AG intrahepático (AGI) según técnica de Machado puede brindar ciertas ventajas, especialmente en disecciones difíciles. Sin embargo, es menos empleado que la DHE. Objetivo: Analizar las bases anatómicas del AGI y comunicar nuestra experiencia clínica inicial. Material y métodos : El AGI según técnica de Machado se practicó en seis (6) hígados cadavéricos. Luego se hizo la disección hepática para valorar la efectividad del cargado pedicular y medir la profundidad de los diferentes pedículos glissonianos. La aplicación clínica de la técnica fue gradual y selectiva, aplicándola cuando nos parecía factible y que aportaba alguna ventaja sobre la DHE. Resultados: en los 6 hígados cadavéricos fue posible realizar el cargado de todos los pedículos glissonianos (lobares y sectoriales bilateralmente, así como los segmentarios izquierdos). Estos se encuentran a una profundidad menor a 2 cm de la capsula hepática, siendo accesibles para su control mediante AGI. La principal excepción es el pedículo anterior derecho, cuyo nacimiento es más profundo, lo que asociado a su origen en sentido cefálico y a veces ramificado, puede hacer más difícil su cargado. La aplicación del AGI se llevo a cabo en 5 pacientes, en todos fue efectiva, insumió poco tiempo y no tuvo complicaciones intraoperatorias. Conclusiones: el AGI según técnica de Machado es un procedimiento sistematizado, reproducible, factible y seguro, aún en su aplicación clínica inicial. El conocimiento anatómico de los pedículos glissonianos es fundamental para llevarlo a cabo con éxito.

Introduction: Pedicle control during liver resections can be done by extrahepatic hilar dissection (EHD) or the Glissonian approach (GA). Intrahepatic GA (IGA) according to the Machado technique can offer certain advantages, especially in difficult dissections. However, it is used less than the DHE. Objective : to analyze the anatomical bases of the IGA and to communicate our initial clinical experience. Material and methods : IGA according to the Machado technique was performed on six (6) cadaveric livers. Liver dissection was then performed to assess the effectiveness of pedicle loading and measure the depth of the different Glissonian pedicles. The clinical application of the technique was gradual and selective, applying it when it seemed feasible and that it provided some advantage over DUS. Results : in the 6 cadaveric livers it was possible to load all the Glissonian pedicles (lobar and sectoral bilaterally, as well as the left segmental ones). These are found at a depth of less than 2 cm from the hepatic capsule, being accessible for control by IGA. The main exception is the right anterior pedicle, whose origin is deeper, which, associated with its cephalad and sometimes branched origin, can make it more difficult to load. The application of the IGA was carried out in 5 patients, in all of them it was effective, it took little time and there were no intraoperative complications. Conclusions: the IGA according to the Machado technique is a systematic, reproducible, feasible and safe procedure, even in its initial clinical application. The anatomical knowledge of the Glissonian pedicles is essential to carry it out successfully.

Introdução: o controle pedicular durante as ressecções hepáticas pode ser feito por dissecção hilar extra-hepática (DHE) ou abordagem Glissoniana (AG). A AG intra-hepática (AGI) segundo a técnica de Machado pode oferecer algumas vantagens, principalmente em dissecções difíceis. No entanto, é usado menos do que o DHE. Objetivo: Analisar as bases anatômicas da AGI e comunicar nossa experiência clínica inicial. Material e métodos : A AGI segundo a técnica de Machado foi realizada em seis (6) fígados cadavéricos. A dissecção do fígado foi então realizada para avaliar a eficácia da carga pedicular e medir a profundidade dos diferentes pedículos Glissonianos. A aplicação clínica da técnica foi gradativa e seletiva, aplicando-a quando parecia viável e que proporcionava alguma vantagem sobre o USD. Resultados: nos 6 fígados cadavéricos foi possível carregar todos os pedículos Glissonianos (lobares e setoriais bilateralmente, assim como os segmentares esquerdos). Estes são encontrados a menos de 2 cm da cápsula hepática, sendo acessíveis para controle por AGI. A principal exceção é o pedículo anterior direito, cuja origem é mais profunda, o que, associado à sua origem cefálica e por vezes ramificada, pode dificultar o carregamento. A aplicação da AGI foi realizada em 5 pacientes, em todos foi eficaz, em pouco tempo e sem complicações intraoperatórias. Conclusões : AGI segundo a técnica de Machado é um procedimento sistemático, reprodutível, factível e seguro, mesmo em sua aplicação clínica inicial. O conhecimento anatômico dos pedículos Glissonianos é essencial para realizá-lo com sucesso.

Pterional or Subfrontal Access for Proximal Vascular Control in Anterior Interhemispheric Approach for Ruptured Pericallosal Artery Aneurysms at Risk of Premature Rupture

OBJECTIVE: Cases of a ruptured pericallosal artery aneurysm with a high risk of intraoperative premature rupture and technical difficulties for proximal vascular control require a technique for the early and safe establishment of proximal vascular control. METHODS: A combined pterional or subfrontal approach exposes the bilateral A1 segments or the origin of the ipsilateral A2 segment of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) for proximal vascular control. Proximal control far from the ruptured aneurysm facilitates tentative clipping of the rupture point of the aneurysm without a catastrophic premature rupture. The proximal control is then switched to the pericallosal artery just proximal to the aneurysm and its intermittent clipping facilitates complete aneurysm dissection and neck clipping. RESULTS: Three such cases are reported: a ruptured pericallosal artery aneurysm with a contained leak of the contrast from the proximal side of the aneurysm, a low-lying ruptured pericallosal artery aneurysm with irregularities on its proximal wall, and a multilobulated ruptured pericallosal artery aneurysm with the parasagittal bridging veins hindering surgical access to the proximal parent artery. In each case, the proposed combined pterional-interhemispheric or subfrontal-interhemispheric approach was successfully performed to establish proximal vascular control far from the ruptured aneurysm and facilitated aneurysm clipping via the interhemispheric approach. CONCLUSION: When using an anterior interhemispheric approach for a ruptured pericallosal artery aneurysm with a high risk of premature rupture, a pterional or subfrontal approach can be combined to establish early proximal vascular control at the bilateral A1 segments or the origin of the A2 segment.

Application of Glissonean pedicle transection method for hepatic resection in hepatocellular carcinoma / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical application of Glissonean pedicle transection method in hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods We analyzed the clinical data of 232 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma underwent hepatic resection in our department from April 2009 to April 2013. Eighty-nine cases underwent hepatic resection by Glissonean pedicle transection method, and 143 cases underwent Pringle maneuver. Results There was no significant differences in the operation time and blood loss between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, the postoperative hospital stay time and the postoperative complications in group A were better than those in group B(P0.05). Conclusion Glissonean pedicle transection method has many advantages including effectively preventing the intraoperative bleeding, maximally reserving the remaining of liver function, decreasing the rate of tumor spread and metastasis. Meanwhile, it is a safe and effective technique for hepatectomy without dissection of the hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct in the hepatoduodenal ligament.

The role of complete hemihepatic vascular exclusion in the prevention of tumour dissemination during hepatectomy / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To study the efficacy of complete hemihepatic vascular exclusion (CHVE) in the prevention of tumour dissemination during liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsA case-control study was carried out on 281 patients who underwent liver resection for HCC between February 2006 and April 2010.89 patients underwent hepatic resection using CHVE (group A) and 192 using Pringle maneuver (group B).The postoperative 1-,2-,3 year rates of intrahepatic recurrence and lung metastasis,and the overall disease-free survivals were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe incidence of lung metastasis at 1 year after operation was significantly lower in group A than group B (6.7％ vs.15.1％,P=0.048).There were no signilicant differences in the incidences of lung metastasis at postoperative year 2 and 3 between the two groups (15.7％ vs.25.0％ and 32.6％ vs.30.7％ ; P＞0.05).The differences in the postoperative 1-,2-,3- year intrahepatic recurrence rates were not significant between the two groups (20.2％ vs.31.8％,51.7％ vs.60.3％,68.5％ vs.79.2％,respectively; P＞0.05).The median survivals of the two groups were 25.9 months and 21.7 months,respectively.Patients in group A had a significantly higher overall disease-free survival rate than patients in group B (P=0.035).ConclusionsCHVE was efficacious in reducing the incidence of lung metastasis and in improving the overall disease-free survival in patients after liver resection for HCC.CHVE contributed in preventing intraoperative tumour dissemination and in improving prognosis.