RESUMO
Aedes vittatus, vector que transmite el virus de la fiebre amarilla, el dengue, el zika y el chikungunya, se detectó por primera vez en enero de 2020 en la localidad de Ramón de las Yaguas del municipio Santiago de Cuba, lo que constituyó el primer registro en la provincia del mismo nombre. Este hallazgo significó una alerta para el resto del país y conllevó a investigar sobre su bioecología y competencia vectorial. A tales efectos se realizó el presente estudio con el objetivo de informar lo relacionado con la presencia de esta especie invasora, la distribución espacial y los sitios de cría para adoptar decisiones preventivas y de control.
Aedes vittatus, vector that transmits the yellow fever virus, dengue, zika and chikungunya, was detected for the first time in January, 2020 in the town of Ramón de las Yaguas town from Santiago de Cuba municipality, what constituted the first record in the province with the same name. This finding meant an alert for the rest of the country and led to investigate on its bioecology and vectorial competence. To such effects the present study was carried out with the objective of informing everything related to the presence of this invading species, the space distribution and breeding sites to adopt preventive and control decisions.
Assuntos
Vírus da Febre Amarela , Aedes , Controle de Vetores de DoençasRESUMO
Este trabajo es resultado de un proyecto demandado por la Dirección Provincial de Salud, el Partido y el Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente de Cuba de la provincia de Camagüey a partir de los altos índices de infestación de Aedes aegypti que presenta el municipio cabecera de la provincia. El objetivo es fundamentar teóricamente el concepto respuesta social al Programa de control de vectores del Aedes aegypti. Se indaga en sus antecedentes, y presenta sus dimensiones política, institucional y poblacional. En la búsqueda del sustento teórico la investigación se apoya en los estudios sociales del fenómeno de la salud y la enfermedad de amplia representación en el campo de las Ciencias Sociales; se aborda la actividad de control de vectores como una tecnología social en determinado contexto y relaciones; y por último, se asienta en la teoría sociológica, en el enfoque micro-macro sociológico.
This work is the result of a project requested by the Provincial Health Authorities, the Cuban Communist Party, and the Science, Technology and Environmental Ministry of Cuba in Camagüey; due to the high levels of Aedes Aegypti infestation existing in the head municipality. The main objective is to theoretically found the concept of social response to the vectorial control Program. Its antecedents are analyzed and its political, institutional, and population scale is presented. While looking for a theoretical basis, this work supports itself on the social studies about health and diseases that are represented on the Social Sciences, on the sociologic theory, and on the micro-macro sociological approach. The vectorial control activity, as a social technology in specific contexts and relations, is also analyzed.
RESUMO
Discute-se o controle dos transmissores da doença de Chagas, no Estado de São Paulo, e as atividades que levaram à eliminação do Triatoma infestans. São destacados os fatores coadjuvantes as ações de controle, particularmente o êxodo rural. A partir de 1965, o combate tomou a forma de uma verdadeira campanha, com fases distintas em função das alterações epidemiológicas, experiência adquirida e pressão dos custos. Após 25 anos de trabalho a campanha foi considerada encerrada, com a eliminação dos focos da espécie do planalto paulista. Porém, em função da possibilidade da reintrodução de Triatoma iinfestans(transporte passivo) e da presença, em diversas localidades, de exemplares de espécies vetoras semidomiciliares (Triatoma sordida e Panstrogylus megistus) as atividades de controle não foram interrompidas. Em consequência, continuam em andamento as ações de vigilância entomológica.
The control of the vectors of Chagas' disease in the State of Sao Paulo are discussed, mainly those activities that led to the elimination of Triatoma infestans. Secondary factors that helped the control such as rural exodus are also analyzed. The article shows that since 1965 the control became a campaign with different phases due to the epidemiological situation, the acquired knowledge and the entomological surveillance. After 25 years of work, the elimination of all the focus of Triatoma infestans was finally reached and the campaign was ended. However, due to the possibility of reintroduction of the vector in rural areas by passive transportation besides the presence of secondary vectors (Triatoma sordida and Panstrongylus megistus) in several localities, the vector control activities were not interrupted and the surveillance is continuous.